Background: The physical abilities of older adults decline with age, making them more susceptible to micronutrient deficiency, which may affect their sleep quality. Objectives: This study aimed to construct a risk correlative model for sleep disorders in Chinese older adults based on blood micronutrient levels. Methods: In this matched case-control study, we recruited 124 participants with sleep disorders and 124 matched controls from the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition cohort in China. Micronutrient levels in whole blood were measured using the dried blood spot technique. We compared the differences in micronutrient levels between the two groups and also constructed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) model and nomogram for sleep disorders. Results: In comparison to the control group, the sleep disorders group showed lower levels of blood vitamin A, vitamin E (VE), folate, magnesium, copper, iron, and selenium (Se) in the univariate analysis (p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis indicated that the combination of VE + folate + Se may have an excellent diagnostic effect on sleep disorders, with an area under the curve of 0.964. This VE + folate + Se was integrated into a nomogram model to demonstrate their relationship with sleep disorders. The consistency index of the model was 0.88, suggesting that the model assessed sleep disorders well. Conclusions: The sleep disorders risk correlative model constructed by the levels of VE, folate, and Se in whole blood might show good performance in assessing the risk of sleep disorders in older adults.

Background: The myopia rate has increased rapidly worldwide, yet evidence regarding the association between dietary factors and myopia remains limited. This study assessed the association between dietary patterns and myopia among children and adolescents. Methods: This study used the Child and Adolescent Research of Eye data between August and October 2022. Myopia was defined based on uncorrected visual acuity and noncycloplegic refraction. Dietary assessment was parent‐reported via a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Principal component analysis was used to extract dietary patterns. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and myopia. Results: A total of 24,797 participants were included in the analysis. Controlling for confounders, the highest adherence to nuts‐tubers vegetables pattern (characterized by high intake of nuts, tubers vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and aquatic products) was associated with a decreased risk of myopia compared with the lowest adherence (odds ratio [OR] = 0.933, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.872 to 0.999, p = 0.046). Conversely, the highest adherence to snacks pattern (characterized by high intake of fried and barbecued, fast foods and savoury snacks, sugar‐sweetened beverages, desserts, and processed meats) was associated with an increased risk of myopia (OR = 1.083, 95% CI: 1.012 to 1.158, p = 0.021). Conclusions: These findings indicate a link between dietary patterns and myopia in children and adolescents. Dietary modification could be a potential public health measure for the primary prevention of childhood myopia.

Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, yet the association between folic acid (FA) intake and CRC risk remains controversial. This study investigated the effects of varying dietary FA levels on colorectal carcinogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: BALB/c mice were fed diets containing FA at <0.1, 2.0, 6.0, 8.0, or 20.0 mg/kg for 14 weeks. After 4 weeks, colorectal tumorigenesis was induced using the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) protocol. Tumor multiplicity, maximum tumor diameter, tumor volume, colorectal length, histopathology, and cell proliferation were assessed. Mechanistic assessments included uracil misincorporation, thymidylate synthase (TS), telomere attrition, genome-wide DNA methylation, RAP1 signaling, immune-related markers, and inflammatory cytokines in colorectal tissues. Results: Both FA deficiency (<0.1 mg/kg) and excess (8.0/20.0 mg/kg) increased colorectal tumor burden, with increased tumor number, larger maximum diameter, greater tumor volume, shortened colorectal length, and enhanced cell proliferation, whereas the 6.0 mg/kg diet group showed the lowest tumor burden. FA deficiency reduced TS expression, elevated deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) levels, decreased deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) levels, increased uracil misincorporation, and exacerbated telomere attrition, as evidenced by shortened telomeres and increased damage. In contrast, excessive FA intake induced Rap1 GTPase-activating protein (RAP1GAP) hypermethylation, reduced Rap1GAP expression, enhanced RAP1 activity, and upregulated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) expression. Conclusions: Dietary FA can exhibit a U-shaped association with colorectal carcinogenesis, with protective effects observed within an optimal range. FA deficiency and excess may drive tumor development through distinct molecular pathways involving uracil misincorporation-induced telomere attrition and DNA methylation-mediated immunosuppression, respectively.