Lamiaceae contains many medicinal and aromatic plants for which accurate identification can be problematic due to morphological resemblance of related species, environmental plasticity, renaming (e.g., Rosmarinus officinalis, currently considered Salvia rosmarinus), and substitution/adulteration of herbal material dried and processed. This narrative review, based on laboratory and in Silico data as examples, provides a workflow for the identification and molecular authentication of some species of Lamiaceae, starting from their field collection. Literature regarding plant barcoding (e.g., rbcL, matK, ITS2, trnH-psbA) and additional methods such as species-specific PCR, high-resolution melting, digital PCR and metabarcoding was synthesised. The workflow includes field collection and botanical identification of voucher specimens; CTAB DNA extraction procedure, optionally supplemented with spin-column DNA purification; assessment of DNA quality and amplicon size using agarose gel electrophoresis; SYBR Green real-time qPCR (targeting GAPDH and ITS2); GenBank and BOLD search followed by MUSCLE multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis in MEGA 12.1.3 (1,000 bootstrap replicates). However, no one marker is considered to be able to discriminate all taxa, rbcL and matK markers form the basis, while ITS2 and trnH-psbA can be used as complementary markers. For example, in the case of the rbcL tree based on the alignment of ten reference sequences, the maximum level of support (100%) could be seen for the Origanum majorana- Ocimum tenuiflorum clade only, while the other nodes have low levels of support (less than 50%). Taxonomic identification thus needs to involve voucher information, sequence comparison, phylogenetic placement and, when necessary, chemical composition.