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Nisar Ahmad
Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan

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Journal article
Published: 03 March 2021 in Industrial Crops and Products
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The market demand for steviol glycosides (SGs) is gradually increasing worldwide due to their low-caloric nature. SGs are commonly added as a sweetener to various food items and are particularly useful for obese and diabetic patients. Production of SGs is predominantly obtained from the plant Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana). Propagation of Stevia plants for SGs production is limited due to short-term viability of seeds and high labor demands for shoot multiplication. Adventitious root cultures (ARC) offer an alternative production system to whole plants for extraction of SGs. The overall objective of this study was to enhance the production of SGs in SRC of Stevia by differential sucrose feeding (05−50 g l−1). A high concentration of sucrose (50 g l−1) boosted biomass accumulation while a low concentration (10 g l−1) enhanced biosynthesis of major SGs (stevioside and rebaudioside-A). A strongly positive correlation was found between biomass accumulation and phenolics and flavonoids production respectively. Furthermore, 20 g l−1 to 40 g l−1 sucrose stimulated dulcoside-A, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The results suggest that adventitious root cultures can be a viable option for large-scale production of SGs for industrial applications.

ACS Style

Naveed Ahmad; Abdur Rab; Muhammad Sajid; Nisar Ahmad; Hina Fazal; Mohammad Ali; Ulrika Egertsdotter. Sucrose-dependent production of biomass and low-caloric steviol glycosides in adventitious root cultures of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.). Industrial Crops and Products 2021, 164, 113382 .

AMA Style

Naveed Ahmad, Abdur Rab, Muhammad Sajid, Nisar Ahmad, Hina Fazal, Mohammad Ali, Ulrika Egertsdotter. Sucrose-dependent production of biomass and low-caloric steviol glycosides in adventitious root cultures of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.). Industrial Crops and Products. 2021; 164 ():113382.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naveed Ahmad; Abdur Rab; Muhammad Sajid; Nisar Ahmad; Hina Fazal; Mohammad Ali; Ulrika Egertsdotter. 2021. "Sucrose-dependent production of biomass and low-caloric steviol glycosides in adventitious root cultures of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.)." Industrial Crops and Products 164, no. : 113382.

Preprint content
Published: 04 February 2021
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Background: Prunella vulgaris is medicinally important plant containing high-valued chemical metabolites like Prunellin which belong to family Lamiaceae and it is also known as self-heal. In this research, calli culture exposed to differential ratios of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (1:2, 1:3, 2:1 and 3:1) along with naphthalene acetic acid (2.0 mg NAA) were investigated for antimicrobial potential. A well diffusion method was used for antimicrobial properties. Results: Here, two concentrations (1 and 2 mg/6 µl) of all treated calli cultures and wild plants were used against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, B. atrophaeus, B. subtilis, A. tumefaciens, E. caratovora and C. albicans. DMSO and antibiotics were used as negative and positive controls. Here, the calli exposed to gold (Au) NPs + 2.0 mg NAA displayed the highest activity (25.7 mm) against S. typhi than other extracts, which was considered the most susceptible species, while A. tumefaciens and C. albicans was the most resistance species. A possible mechanism of calli induced nanoparticles was also investigated for cytoplasmic leakage. Conclusion: From the above data it is concluded that the medicinal Prunella vulgaris is important plant for the development of anti-microbial drugs and applicable in various pharmaceutical research.

ACS Style

Nisar Ahmad; Jan Muhammad; Khalil Khan; Wajid Ali; Hina Fazal; Mohammad Ali; Latif-Ur Rahman; Hayat Khan; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Christophe Hano. Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Induced Differential Antimicrobial Potential in Calli Cultures of Prunella Vulgaris. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Nisar Ahmad, Jan Muhammad, Khalil Khan, Wajid Ali, Hina Fazal, Mohammad Ali, Latif-Ur Rahman, Hayat Khan, Bilal Haider Abbasi, Christophe Hano. Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Induced Differential Antimicrobial Potential in Calli Cultures of Prunella Vulgaris. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nisar Ahmad; Jan Muhammad; Khalil Khan; Wajid Ali; Hina Fazal; Mohammad Ali; Latif-Ur Rahman; Hayat Khan; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Christophe Hano. 2021. "Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Induced Differential Antimicrobial Potential in Calli Cultures of Prunella Vulgaris." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 29 May 2020
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BackgroundEnvironmental factors like, temperature, humidity, light intensity, the supply of water, minerals, and CO2 influence the growth of a plant and biomass accumulation and production of secondary metabolites. Plant cell culture technologies have been effective tools for both studying and producing plant secondary metabolites under in vitro conditions and for plant improvement. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the biomass production and accumulation of secondary metabolites in Brassica rapa in response to synergism of abiotic factors including salt and colored lights.MethodsBrassica rapa sterilized seed were germinated and exposed to different colored lights (white as a control, yellow, blue, green and red) in combination with different concentrations of salt. The length of shoot, root and biomass (fresh and dry) were monitored during the developmental stages. Total phenolics and flavonoids content of the samples were also investigated. Data was analyzed using ANOVA-single factorial.ResultsResults revealed that plants exposed to the synergism of salt stress and spectral lights have shown negative effects on the seed germination. Shoot length (75 mm) increased, while root length (55 mm) was inhibited in plants exposed to synergism of spectral lights and different concentrations of salt when compared with controlled conditions (48 mm for shoot and 100 mm for root). However, the fresh weight of the plants was increased at lower concentration of salt than controlled. Lowest concentration of salt in synergism with green light showed the maximum response. Total phenolic content increased, while total flavonoid decreases with increasing salt concentration. Maximum total phenolic and flavonoids content were recorded in dark incubation with a high and medium concentration of salt respectively.ConclusionBased on these results, it was concluded that synergism of low salt concentration and colored lights are effective but high concentrations of salt in combination with colored lights inhibited the growth of Brassica rapa.

ACS Style

Iftikhar Muhammad Khan; Javeed Iqbal; Nisar Ahmad; Waqar Ali; Hina Rehman; Syed Shujait Ali; Hina Fazal; Abbas Khan; Dong Qing Wei. Interactive Effects of Spectral Lights and Salt Stress on Production of Secondary Metabolites and Growth Behavior in Economically Important Brassica Rapa. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Iftikhar Muhammad Khan, Javeed Iqbal, Nisar Ahmad, Waqar Ali, Hina Rehman, Syed Shujait Ali, Hina Fazal, Abbas Khan, Dong Qing Wei. Interactive Effects of Spectral Lights and Salt Stress on Production of Secondary Metabolites and Growth Behavior in Economically Important Brassica Rapa. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iftikhar Muhammad Khan; Javeed Iqbal; Nisar Ahmad; Waqar Ali; Hina Rehman; Syed Shujait Ali; Hina Fazal; Abbas Khan; Dong Qing Wei. 2020. "Interactive Effects of Spectral Lights and Salt Stress on Production of Secondary Metabolites and Growth Behavior in Economically Important Brassica Rapa." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2020 in Plants
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In current study, the effect of gibberellic acid was tested for production of biomass, polyphenolics and Steviol glycosides in adventitious root cultures of Stevia rebaudiana. Adventitious cultures were induced from the roots of in vitro grown plantlets on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing combination of gibberellic acid (GA3; 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 0.5 mg/L). Initially, a known mass of inoculum roots were shifted into suspension media augmented with various GA3 concentrations. The growth behavior of adventitious roots was recorded every 3 days for a period of 30 days. Maximum biomass biosynthesis (13.12 g/flask) was noticed in exponential phase on 27th day in the suspension containing 2.0 mg/L of GA3. Other GA3 concentrations also displayed optimum patterns of biomass accumulation as compared to the control. Adventitious roots were investigated for total phenolic content (TPC) and production (TPP), total flavonoid content (TFC) and production (TFP), and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-based antioxidant potential. Maximum phenolics (TPC 9.84 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g-dry weight (DW)) and TPP (147.6 mg/L), TFC (5.12 mg Quercitin equivalent (QE)/g-DW) and TFP (76.91 mg/L) were observed in 2.0 mg/L GA3 treated cultures. The same concentration of gibberellic acid enhanced antioxidant activity (77.2%). Furthermore, maximum stevioside (7.13 mg/g-DW), rebaudioside-A (0.27 mg/g-DW) and dulcoside-A (0.001 mg/g-DW) were observed in roots exposed to 2.0 mg/L GA3. This is the first report on the application of GA3 on biomass accumulation and secondary metabolite production in S. rebaudiana. The current study will be helpful to scale up the adventitious root cultures in bioreactors for the production of biomass and pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites.

ACS Style

Ashfaq Ahmad; Haider Ali; Habiba Khan; Almas Begam; Sheraz Khan; Syed Shujait Ali; Naveed Ahmad; Hina Fazal; Mohammad Ali; Christophe Hano; Nisar Ahmad; Bilal Haider Abbasi. Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Production of Biomass, Polyphenolics and Steviol Glycosides in Adventitious Root Cultures of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.). Plants 2020, 9, 420 .

AMA Style

Ashfaq Ahmad, Haider Ali, Habiba Khan, Almas Begam, Sheraz Khan, Syed Shujait Ali, Naveed Ahmad, Hina Fazal, Mohammad Ali, Christophe Hano, Nisar Ahmad, Bilal Haider Abbasi. Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Production of Biomass, Polyphenolics and Steviol Glycosides in Adventitious Root Cultures of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.). Plants. 2020; 9 (4):420.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ashfaq Ahmad; Haider Ali; Habiba Khan; Almas Begam; Sheraz Khan; Syed Shujait Ali; Naveed Ahmad; Hina Fazal; Mohammad Ali; Christophe Hano; Nisar Ahmad; Bilal Haider Abbasi. 2020. "Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Production of Biomass, Polyphenolics and Steviol Glycosides in Adventitious Root Cultures of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.)." Plants 9, no. 4: 420.

Articles
Published: 01 January 2020 in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology
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Prunella vulgaris L. is one of the therapeutic herbs containing various polyphenolics, which is used for multiple medicinal purposes. In this study, plant growth regulators (PGRs)-induced calli cultures from seed-derived leaf explants were exploited for the production of stress enzymes and polyphenolics. A growth curve was plotted for each PGR for 49 days period, which showed a distinct lag, log and decline phases. Here, the combination of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyleadenine (BA; 0.5 and 2.0 mg l−1) produced maximum fresh (6.32 FW-g/100 ml) and dry biomass (0.75 DW-g/100 ml) in contrast to control. The maximum synthesis of SOD (0.0154 FW-nM/min/mg) was detected on media comprising mixture of NAA and BA (1.5 mg l−1), while POD enzyme (0.366 FW-nM/min/mg) was higher at 0.5 mg l−1 NAA and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. Further, NAA and BA (1.5 and 2.0 mg l−1) boosted up the synthesis of phenolics (18.83 GAE-mg/g-DW) and flavonoids content (18.05 RE-mg/g-DW) than control. Moreover, NAA of 1.0 and 2.0 mg l−1 were found supportive for maximum antioxidant activity (87.4%) and total protein (716 µg BSAE/mg-DW). This study will contribute in the development of cell culture in fermenter and synthesis of antioxidant secondary metabolites for commercial uses.

ACS Style

Hina Fazal; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Nisar Ahmad; Bushra Noureen; Jahangir Shah; Dan Ma; Liu Chuanliang; Fazal Akbar; Muhammad Nazir Uddin; Haji Khan; Mohammad Ali. Biosynthesis of antioxidative enzymes and polyphenolics content in calli cultures of Prunella vulgaris L. in response to auxins and cytokinins. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2020, 48, 893 -902.

AMA Style

Hina Fazal, Bilal Haider Abbasi, Nisar Ahmad, Bushra Noureen, Jahangir Shah, Dan Ma, Liu Chuanliang, Fazal Akbar, Muhammad Nazir Uddin, Haji Khan, Mohammad Ali. Biosynthesis of antioxidative enzymes and polyphenolics content in calli cultures of Prunella vulgaris L. in response to auxins and cytokinins. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology. 2020; 48 (1):893-902.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hina Fazal; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Nisar Ahmad; Bushra Noureen; Jahangir Shah; Dan Ma; Liu Chuanliang; Fazal Akbar; Muhammad Nazir Uddin; Haji Khan; Mohammad Ali. 2020. "Biosynthesis of antioxidative enzymes and polyphenolics content in calli cultures of Prunella vulgaris L. in response to auxins and cytokinins." Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 48, no. 1: 893-902.

Articles
Published: 18 June 2019 in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology
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Elicited artificial in vitro cultures are gaining more interest due to their uniform biosynthesis of industrially valuable secondary metabolites. In this study, a unique methodology was applied, in which different ratios of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were supplemented to submerge cultures to investigate sustainable production of biomass and antioxidant secondary metabolites. Cell suspension cultures were exposed to Ag and AuNPs alone or different ratios of AgAuNPs (1:2; 1:3; 2:1; 3:1) in combination with NAA. The combination of AgAuNPs (3:1) with NAA enhanced fresh (9.25 g/100 ml) and dry biomass (0.64 g/100 ml) of suspended cells than control (6.67; 0.233 g/100 ml). AuNPs with NAA-augmented media enhanced biomass accumulation in lag, log and stationary phases in a period of 49 days. Furthermore, AgAu (3:1) and AgAuNPs (2:1; 1:2) with NAA enhanced protein contents, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. However, maximum phenolics (TPC; 10.61 mg/g-DW) and flavonoids (7.62 mg/g-DW) were observed in cell cultures exposed to a combination of AgAuNPs (1:3) and NAA than control (6.27, 5.49 mg/g-DW). The combination of AgAuNPs (2:1) with NAA enhanced antioxidant activity (87.85%) in cell cultures. This study will help in illuminating the impact of NPs on cultures development and production of natural antioxidants.

ACS Style

Hina Fazal; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Nisar Ahmad; Mohammad Ali; Syed Shujait Ali; Abbas Khan; Dong-Qing Wei. Sustainable production of biomass and industrially important secondary metabolites in cell cultures of selfheal (Prunella vulgaris L.) elicited by silver and gold nanoparticles. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2019, 47, 2553 -2561.

AMA Style

Hina Fazal, Bilal Haider Abbasi, Nisar Ahmad, Mohammad Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Abbas Khan, Dong-Qing Wei. Sustainable production of biomass and industrially important secondary metabolites in cell cultures of selfheal (Prunella vulgaris L.) elicited by silver and gold nanoparticles. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology. 2019; 47 (1):2553-2561.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hina Fazal; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Nisar Ahmad; Mohammad Ali; Syed Shujait Ali; Abbas Khan; Dong-Qing Wei. 2019. "Sustainable production of biomass and industrially important secondary metabolites in cell cultures of selfheal (Prunella vulgaris L.) elicited by silver and gold nanoparticles." Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 47, no. 1: 2553-2561.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2018 in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology
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Ajuga bracteosa (A. bracteosa) is one of the critically endangered and high-valued medicinal plants worldwide. Light is one of the major factor or stimulus involved in the morphogenic responses and bioactive compounds production in various medicinal plants. In this study, unique properties of colored lights have been observed on induction of somatic embryos from non-embryonic calli cultures of A. bracteosa. The maximum callogenic response (92.32%) from leaf explants was observed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with benzyl adenine (BA; 2.0 l−1) and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2.4-D; 1.0 mg l−1). Calli cultures with same hormonal concentrations were placed under different spectral lights for somatic embryogenesis and photochemical variations. Red lights were found effective for maximum somatic embryos induction (92.75%) with optimum biomass accumulation (152.64 g l−1) on day 40. Similarly, among all the spectral lights, red light exhibited the highest DPPH-radical scavenging activity (DRSA; 92.86%). In contrast, blue lights induced maximum biosynthesis of chemically important total phenolics content and total flavonoids content (TPC; 0.264 and TFC; 0.06 mg/g-DW), respectively. Furthermore, blue, green and red lights also enhanced phenolics and production, polyphenolics content and total polyphenolics production in somatic embryos. It is concluded that exposure of calli cultures to colored lights provides an effective and promising in vitro technique for conservation of endangered A. bracteosa species and enhancement of its bioactive compounds. Steps should be taken to adopt these strategies/ techniques at a larger scale in order to yield maximum benefits from this highly valued medicinal plant species.

ACS Style

Gul Rukh; Nisar Ahmad; Abdur Rab; Naveed Ahmad; Hina Fazal; Fazal Akbar; Irfan Ullah; Sidra Mukhtar; Nadia Samad. Photo-dependent somatic embryogenesis from non-embryogenic calli and its polyphenolics content in high-valued medicinal plant of Ajuga bracteosa. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2018, 190, 59 -65.

AMA Style

Gul Rukh, Nisar Ahmad, Abdur Rab, Naveed Ahmad, Hina Fazal, Fazal Akbar, Irfan Ullah, Sidra Mukhtar, Nadia Samad. Photo-dependent somatic embryogenesis from non-embryogenic calli and its polyphenolics content in high-valued medicinal plant of Ajuga bracteosa. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 2018; 190 ():59-65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gul Rukh; Nisar Ahmad; Abdur Rab; Naveed Ahmad; Hina Fazal; Fazal Akbar; Irfan Ullah; Sidra Mukhtar; Nadia Samad. 2018. "Photo-dependent somatic embryogenesis from non-embryogenic calli and its polyphenolics content in high-valued medicinal plant of Ajuga bracteosa." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 190, no. : 59-65.

Research article
Published: 18 June 2018 in Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants
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The objective of the current study was to monitor the variations caused by the application of exogenous melatonin on growth kinetics and production of stress enzymes in Prunella vulgaris. Leaf and petiole explants were used for callogenesis. These explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog media containing various concentrations of melatonin alone or in combination with 2.0 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid. Herein, a maximum of 3.18-g/100 ml fresh biomass accumulation was observed on day 35 during log phase of growth kinetics at 1.0 mg/l melatonin concentration from leaf explants. While 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l melatonin enhanced the biomass accumulation from petiole explants. Moreover, the synergistic combination of melatonin and naphthalene acetic acid also promoted growth from leaf and petiole explants. Leaf derived callus cultures treated with 1.0 mg/l melatonin induced the production of total protein content (90.47 μg BSAE/mg FW) and protease activity (4.77 U/g FW). While the calli obtained from petiole explants have shown highest content of total protein (160.8 μg BSAE/mg FW) and protease activity (5.35 U/g FW) on media containing 0.5 mg/l melatonin. Similarly, 0.5 mg/l melatonin enhanced superoxide dismutase (3.011 nM/min/mg FW) and peroxidase (1.73 nM/min/mg FW) enzymes from leaf derived callus cultures. The combination of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid enhanced content of total protein and protease activity in leaf and petiole derived cultures. These results suggested that the application of melatonin play a positive role in biomass accumulation and production of stress enzymes in P. vulgaris.

ACS Style

Hina Fazal; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Nisar Ahmad; Mohammad Ali. Exogenous melatonin trigger biomass accumulation and production of stress enzymes during callogenesis in medicinally important Prunella vulgaris L. (Selfheal). Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 2018, 24, 1307 -1315.

AMA Style

Hina Fazal, Bilal Haider Abbasi, Nisar Ahmad, Mohammad Ali. Exogenous melatonin trigger biomass accumulation and production of stress enzymes during callogenesis in medicinally important Prunella vulgaris L. (Selfheal). Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 2018; 24 (6):1307-1315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hina Fazal; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Nisar Ahmad; Mohammad Ali. 2018. "Exogenous melatonin trigger biomass accumulation and production of stress enzymes during callogenesis in medicinally important Prunella vulgaris L. (Selfheal)." Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 24, no. 6: 1307-1315.

Research article
Published: 23 January 2018 in Sugar Tech
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The major objective of the current study was to investigate the potential effects of differential pH levels on culture development and production of steviol glycosides and other polyphenolics content in submerge root cultures of Stevia rebaudiana. In vitro grown cultures require an optimum pH level for rapid growth and uniform production of secondary metabolites. Herein, varying media pH levels (5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 and 6.0) significantly influenced fresh and dry biomasses of adventitious root cultures. Among tested levels, adventitious root cultures favored high media pH (6.0) for accumulation of maximum fresh biomass (112.86 g l−1) and dry biomass (8.29 g l−1). In this study, we observed that lower pH level (5.1) strongly supported the production of steviosides (79.48 mg/g-DW) and rebaudioside-A (13.10 mg/g-DW) contents but reduced the polyphenolics content in adventitious cultures. However, dulcoside contents (2.57 mg/g-DW) in adventitious root cultures were found in higher quantities at pH level 5.8. Similarly, maximum total phenolics (70.06 mg/g-DW) and flavonoids (50.19 mg/g-DW) were observed on media having 5.8-pH level. The same pH level also improved DPPH-radical scavenging activities (92.67%). This study will offer an approach to enhance medicinal products in the in vitro tissues, rather than to over-exploit the wild plants and ultimately putting them on the brink of being endangered. Furthermore, the consistent production of secondary metabolites in these cultures could be scaled-up on bioreactor level, which will ultimately affect the society by potential introduction of cost-effective and biologically stable medicinal drugs.

ACS Style

Naveed Ahmad; Abdur Rab; Nisar Ahmad; Hina Fazal. Differential pH-Induced Biosynthesis of Steviol Glycosides and Biochemical Parameters in Submerge Root Cultures of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.). Sugar Tech 2018, 20, 734 -744.

AMA Style

Naveed Ahmad, Abdur Rab, Nisar Ahmad, Hina Fazal. Differential pH-Induced Biosynthesis of Steviol Glycosides and Biochemical Parameters in Submerge Root Cultures of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.). Sugar Tech. 2018; 20 (6):734-744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naveed Ahmad; Abdur Rab; Nisar Ahmad; Hina Fazal. 2018. "Differential pH-Induced Biosynthesis of Steviol Glycosides and Biochemical Parameters in Submerge Root Cultures of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.)." Sugar Tech 20, no. 6: 734-744.

Short communication
Published: 26 July 2016 in Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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Caralluma tuberculata (C. tuberculata) is a very important medicinal plant with a range of anti-diabetic and weight reduction properties. This high-valued medicinal plant is nowadays considered as endangered due to its unsustainable elimination from wild habitats. There is lack of research efforts on its propagation to overcome escalating demand. In this research study, an effort has been made to optimize protocol for large-scale mass propagation and production of natural antioxidants. Highest callogenic response (87.2 %) was observed from shoot tip explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 30 g l−1 sucrose and combination of 2, 4-D (2.0 mg l−1) and BA (1.0 mg l−1). During shoot morphogenesis, 50 g l−1 sucrose along with BA (2.0 mg l−1) and GA3 (1.0 mg l−1) enhanced shoot regeneration (91.3 %), mean shoot length (2.6 cm) and shoots per explant (24.5) as compared to control. The combination of IBA and IAA (2.0 mg l−1) was found optimum for root induction (74.98 %), mean root length (4.1 cm) and roots per shoot (6.9) as compared to control. The plantlets were successfully acclimatized in plastic cups and various tissues were investigated for accumulation of antioxidant secondary metabolites including phenolics, flavonoids, stress enzymes and antioxidant activities. The superoxide dismutase enzyme was higher in shoots; protein content was higher in callus cultures; phenolics, DPPH and protease activity were higher in plantlets, while flavonoids, peroxidase, reducing power and total antioxidant activities were higher in wild plants. This simple protocol is very useful for commercial production of consistent plantlets and metabolites of interest.

ACS Style

Roshan Zamir; Shahid Akbar Khalil; Nisar Ahmad; Abdur Rab; Syed Tariq Shah; Nyla Jabeen; Shahid Ali; Mohammad Ali. The synergistic effects of sucrose and plant growth regulators on morphogenesis and evaluation of antioxidant activities in regenerated tissues of Caralluma tuberculata. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 2016, 38, 200 .

AMA Style

Roshan Zamir, Shahid Akbar Khalil, Nisar Ahmad, Abdur Rab, Syed Tariq Shah, Nyla Jabeen, Shahid Ali, Mohammad Ali. The synergistic effects of sucrose and plant growth regulators on morphogenesis and evaluation of antioxidant activities in regenerated tissues of Caralluma tuberculata. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2016; 38 (8):200.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roshan Zamir; Shahid Akbar Khalil; Nisar Ahmad; Abdur Rab; Syed Tariq Shah; Nyla Jabeen; Shahid Ali; Mohammad Ali. 2016. "The synergistic effects of sucrose and plant growth regulators on morphogenesis and evaluation of antioxidant activities in regenerated tissues of Caralluma tuberculata." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 38, no. 8: 200.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2016 in Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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Prunella vulgaris L. (P. vulgaris) is an important medicinal plant with a wide range of antiviral properties. Traditionally, it is known as self-heal because of its faster effects on wound healing. It is commonly known as a natural antiseptic due to the presence of various polyphenols. There is lack of research efforts on its propagation and production of bioactive compounds under field and in vitro conditions. In this study, the effects of different ratios (1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1) of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were investigated for callus culture development and production of secondary metabolites. The Ag (30 μg l−1), AgAu (1:2), and AgAu (2:1) NPs in combination with NAA (2.0 mg l−1) enhanced callus proliferation (100 %) as compared to the control (95 %). Among the different NPs tested, AuNPs with or without NAA produced higher biomass in log phases (35–42 days) of growth kinetics. Furthermore, AgAu (1:3) and AuNPs alone enhanced total protein content (855 μg-BSAE/mg-fresh weight (FW)), superoxide dismutase (0.54 nM/min/mg-FW), and peroxidase (0.39 nM/min/mg-FW) enzymes in callus cultures. The AgAuNPs (1:3) in combination with NAA induced maximum accumulation of phenolics (TPC 9.57 mg/g-dry weight (DW)) and flavonoid (6.71 mg/g-DW) content. Moreover, AgAuNPs (3:1) without NAA enhanced antioxidant activity (87.85 %). This study provides the first evidence of NP effect on callus culture development and production of natural antioxidants in P. vulgaris.

ACS Style

Hina Fazal; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Nisar Ahmad; Mohammad Ali. Elicitation of Medicinally Important Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites with Silver and Gold Nanoparticles in Callus Cultures of Prunella vulgaris L. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2016, 180, 1076 -1092.

AMA Style

Hina Fazal, Bilal Haider Abbasi, Nisar Ahmad, Mohammad Ali. Elicitation of Medicinally Important Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites with Silver and Gold Nanoparticles in Callus Cultures of Prunella vulgaris L. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2016; 180 (6):1076-1092.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hina Fazal; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Nisar Ahmad; Mohammad Ali. 2016. "Elicitation of Medicinally Important Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites with Silver and Gold Nanoparticles in Callus Cultures of Prunella vulgaris L." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 180, no. 6: 1076-1092.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2016 in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology
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Light is one of the key elicitors that directly fluctuates plant developmental processes and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, the effects of various spectral lights on biomass accumulation and production of antioxidant secondary metabolites in callus cultures of Prunella vulgaris were investigated. Among different spectral lights, green light induced the maximum callogenic response (95%). Enhanced fresh biomass accumulation was observed in log phases on day-35, when callus cultures were exposed to yellow and violet lights. Yellow lights induced maximum biomass accumulation (3.67 g/100 ml) from leaf explants as compared to control (1.27 g/100 ml). In contrast, violet lights enhanced biomass accumulation (3.49 g/100 ml) from petiole explant. Maximum total phenolics content (TPC; 23.9 mg/g-DW) and total flavonoids content (TFC; 1.65 mg/g-DW) were observed when cultures were grown under blue lights. In contrast, green and yellow lights enhanced total phenolics production (TPP; 112.52 g/100 ml) and total flavonoids production (TFP; 9.64 g/100 ml) as compared to control. The calli grown under green, red and blue lights enhanced DPPH-free radical scavenging activity (DFRSA; 91.3%, 93.1% and 93%) than control (56.44%) respectively. The DFRSA was correlated either with TPC and TFC or TPP and TFP. Furthermore, yellow lights enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and protease activities, however, the content of total protein (CTP) was higher in control cultures (186 μg BSAE/mg FW) as compared to spectral lights. These results suggest that the exposure of callus cultures to various spectral lights have shown a key role in biomass accumulation and production of antioxidant secondary metabolites.

ACS Style

Hina Fazal; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Nisar Ahmad; Syed Shujait Ali; Fazal Akbar; Farina Kanwal. Correlation of different spectral lights with biomass accumulation and production of antioxidant secondary metabolites in callus cultures of medicinally important Prunella vulgaris L. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2016, 159, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Hina Fazal, Bilal Haider Abbasi, Nisar Ahmad, Syed Shujait Ali, Fazal Akbar, Farina Kanwal. Correlation of different spectral lights with biomass accumulation and production of antioxidant secondary metabolites in callus cultures of medicinally important Prunella vulgaris L. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 2016; 159 ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hina Fazal; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Nisar Ahmad; Syed Shujait Ali; Fazal Akbar; Farina Kanwal. 2016. "Correlation of different spectral lights with biomass accumulation and production of antioxidant secondary metabolites in callus cultures of medicinally important Prunella vulgaris L." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 159, no. : 1-7.