In recent years, virtual reality training technology (VRTT) has been considered by many scholars as a new training method instead of traditional training (TT) to reduce unsafe behaviors ascribed to construction workers (CWs) and corporate accident rates. However, in this process, a conflict of interest arises among the government, construction enterprises (CEs), and CWs. Therefore, this study introduces a quantitative research method, the three-party evolutionary game and creatively combining them with the product life cycle (PLC) to solve this problem by analyzing the equilibrium and evolutionarily stable strategies of the system. Finally, collaborative players’ decision-making behaviors and their sensitivity to critical factors are examined. This paper will illustrate these in each stage through numerical simulations. The results of the study indicate that the government plays a dominant role in the VRTT introduction stage. When the government gives CEs appropriate subsidies, CEs will eventually realize the importance of VRTT for CWs. Then the government will gradually reduce the amount of the subsidies in this process. In addition, we also find that the continually high cost will lead to negative policies by the government, which requires the active cooperation and attitude change from CEs and CWs. Ultimately, the government, CEs and CWs adopt the best strategy in the evolutionary process to facilitate the promotion, application and sustainability of VRTT in the construction industry.

To assess the viability and effectiveness of bioretention cell in enhancing rainwater resource utilization within sponge cities, this study employs field monitoring, laboratory testing, and statistical analysis to evaluate the water purification capabilities of bioretention cell. Findings indicate a marked purification impact on surface runoff, with removal efficiencies of 59.81% for suspended solids (SS), 39.01% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 37.53% for ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and 30.49% for total phosphorus (TP). The treated water largely complies with rainwater reuse guidelines and tertiary sewage discharge standards. Notably, while previous research in China has emphasized water volume control in sponge city infrastructures, less attention has been given to the qualitative aspects and field-based evaluations. This research not only fills that gap but also offers valuable insights and practical implications for bioretention cell integration into sponge city development. Moreover, the methodology and outcomes of this study serve as a benchmark for future sponge city project assessments, offering guidance to relevant authorities.

As urbanization and extreme stormwater events increase, sustainable stormwater management becomes vital. Sponge city green infrastructure offers a solution to flooding and pollution, providing additional benefits like recreation and clean air. However, understanding public preferences for sponge city green infrastructure's ecosystem services and balancing its co-benefits poses challenges, especially regarding financial sustainability. This study used a discrete choice experiment with 1,154 residents from three Chinese sponge cities to assess the monetary value of five sponge city green infrastructure benefits: improving black and malodorous water bodies, flood prevention, mitigating urban heat island effects, rainwater reuse, and landscape recreation. Analyzing data via the mixed logit model, distinct preferences for sponge city green infrastructure benefits emerged. Residents across all cities were significantly willing to pay for rainwater reuse, indicating a gap in existing research. Preferences varied for other benefits, with positive responses for water body improvement and flood prevention but indifference towards heat island effect and mixed views on landscape recreation. This information is crucial for stormwater managers to optimize sponge city green infrastructure design and fee evaluation.