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This paper develops new practical rule-based energy management systems (EMSs) for typical grid-connected houses with solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery by considering different rates for purchasing and selling electricity. The EMSs are developed to supply the household’s loads and reduce operating costs of the system based on different options of flat and time-of-use (ToU) rates for buying and selling electricity prices. Four different options are evaluated and compared in this study: (1) Flat-Flat, (2) ToU-Flat, (3) Flat-ToU, and (4) ToU-ToU. The operation cost is calculated based on the electricity exchange with the main grid, the equivalent cost of PV generation, as well as the degradation cost of battery storage. The operation of the grid-connected house with rooftop solar PV and battery is evaluated for a sunny week in summer and a cloudy week in winter to investigate the proper performance for high and low generations of PV. While the developed rule-based EMS are generic and can be applied for any case studies, a grid-connected house in Australia is examined. For this purpose, real data of solar radiation, air temperature, electricity consumption, and electricity rates are used. It is found that the ToU-Flat option has the lowest operating cost for the customers.
Xincheng Pan; Rahmat Khezri; Amin Mahmoudi; Amirmehdi Yazdani; Gm Shafiullah. Energy Management Systems for Grid-Connected Houses with Solar PV and Battery by Considering Flat and Time-of-Use Electricity Rates. Energies 2021, 14, 5028 .
AMA StyleXincheng Pan, Rahmat Khezri, Amin Mahmoudi, Amirmehdi Yazdani, Gm Shafiullah. Energy Management Systems for Grid-Connected Houses with Solar PV and Battery by Considering Flat and Time-of-Use Electricity Rates. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):5028.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXincheng Pan; Rahmat Khezri; Amin Mahmoudi; Amirmehdi Yazdani; Gm Shafiullah. 2021. "Energy Management Systems for Grid-Connected Houses with Solar PV and Battery by Considering Flat and Time-of-Use Electricity Rates." Energies 14, no. 16: 5028.
This paper investigates a comparative study for practical optimal sizing of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) for grid-connected houses (GCHs) by considering flat and time-of-use (TOU) electricity rate options. Two system configurations, PV only and PV-BESS, were optimally sized by minimizing the net present cost of electricity for four options of electricity rates. A practical model was developed by considering grid constraints, daily supply of charge of electricity, salvation value and degradation of PV and BESS, actual annual data of load and solar, and current market price of components. A rule-based energy management system was examined for GCHs to control the power flow among PV, BESS, load, and grid. Various sensitivity analyses are presented to examine the impacts of grid constraint and electricity rates on the cost of electricity and the sizes of the components. Although the capacity optimization model is generally developed for any case study, a grid-connected house in Australia is considered as the case system in this paper. It is found that the TOU-Flat option for the PV-BESS configuration achieved the lowest NPC compared to other configuration and options. The optimal capacities of rooftop PV and BESS were obtained as 9 kW and 6 kWh, respectively, for the PV-BESS configuration with TOU-Flat according to two performance metrices: net present cost and cost of electricity.
Iflah Javeed; Rahmat Khezri; Amin Mahmoudi; Amirmehdi Yazdani; G. Shafiullah. Optimal Sizing of Rooftop PV and Battery Storage for Grid-Connected Houses Considering Flat and Time-of-Use Electricity Rates. Energies 2021, 14, 3520 .
AMA StyleIflah Javeed, Rahmat Khezri, Amin Mahmoudi, Amirmehdi Yazdani, G. Shafiullah. Optimal Sizing of Rooftop PV and Battery Storage for Grid-Connected Houses Considering Flat and Time-of-Use Electricity Rates. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3520.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIflah Javeed; Rahmat Khezri; Amin Mahmoudi; Amirmehdi Yazdani; G. Shafiullah. 2021. "Optimal Sizing of Rooftop PV and Battery Storage for Grid-Connected Houses Considering Flat and Time-of-Use Electricity Rates." Energies 14, no. 12: 3520.
Microgrids (MGs) are promising approaches to proliferate distributed energy resources for electrification in remote areas. However, to deal with the uncertainties of renewables and energy demand, special measures are required. Energy storages, controllable loads and reconfigurable networks are some of those measures that improve MGs’ flexibility. Another alternative is temporarily coupling the adjacent MGs to support each other and form coupled MGs (CMGs). This paper proposes a look-ahead technique to form CMGs while reassuring the optimal performance of all MGs. Preserving the voltage and frequency of each MG is also another key objective. The proposed optimization approach tries to solve the voltage/frequency problem by forming the CMGs when the local actions (such as energy storages) are inadequate or cost-ineffective. The proposed technique considers the operational cost, technical and environmental aspects, reliability and losses in the CMG formation. This technique is general and can be used for complex topologies and also to form multiple CMGs if deemed more suitable. The performance of the developed technique is validated through extensive numerical analyses in MATLAB.
Asaduzzaman Shoeb; G. M. Shafiullah; Farhad Shahnia. Coupling Adjacent Microgrids and Cluster Formation Under a Look-Ahead Approach Reassuring Optimal Operation and Satisfactory Voltage and Frequency. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 78083 -78097.
AMA StyleAsaduzzaman Shoeb, G. M. Shafiullah, Farhad Shahnia. Coupling Adjacent Microgrids and Cluster Formation Under a Look-Ahead Approach Reassuring Optimal Operation and Satisfactory Voltage and Frequency. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():78083-78097.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsaduzzaman Shoeb; G. M. Shafiullah; Farhad Shahnia. 2021. "Coupling Adjacent Microgrids and Cluster Formation Under a Look-Ahead Approach Reassuring Optimal Operation and Satisfactory Voltage and Frequency." IEEE Access 9, no. : 78083-78097.
The integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) into electricity networks introduces technical challenges due to varying PV output. Rapid ramp events due to cloud movements are of particular concern for the operation of remote islanded microgrids (MGs) with high penetration of solar PV generation. PV plants and optionally controllable distributed energy resources (DERs) in MGs can be operated in an optimized way based on nowcasting, which is also called very short-term solar irradiance forecasting up to 60 min ahead. This study presents an extensive literature review on nowcasting technologies along with their current and future possible applications in the control of MGs. Ramp rates control and scheduling of spinning reserves are found to be the most recognized applications of nowcasting in MGs. An online survey has been conducted to identify the limitations, benefits and challenges of deploying nowcasting in MGs. The survey outcomes show that the incorporation of nowcasting tools in MG operations is still limited, though the possibility of increasing solar PV penetration levels in MGs if nowcasting tools are incorporated is acknowledged. Additionally, recent nowcasting tools, such as sky camera-based tools, require further validation under various conditions for more widespread adaptation by power system operators.
Remember Samu; Martina Calais; G.M. Shafiullah; Moayed Moghbel; Asaduzzaman Shoeb; Bijan Nouri; Niklas Blum. Applications for solar irradiance nowcasting in the control of microgrids: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 147, 111187 .
AMA StyleRemember Samu, Martina Calais, G.M. Shafiullah, Moayed Moghbel, Asaduzzaman Shoeb, Bijan Nouri, Niklas Blum. Applications for solar irradiance nowcasting in the control of microgrids: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 147 ():111187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRemember Samu; Martina Calais; G.M. Shafiullah; Moayed Moghbel; Asaduzzaman Shoeb; Bijan Nouri; Niklas Blum. 2021. "Applications for solar irradiance nowcasting in the control of microgrids: A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 147, no. : 111187.
Fossil fuel-based energy sources are the major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and thus the use of renewable energy (RE) is becoming the best alternative to cater for the increasing energy demand in both developing and developed nations. Chipendeke is a rural community in Zimbabwe, in which electricity demand is partially served by the only micro-hydro plant and hence, load shedding is a regular practice to keep essential services running. This study explored suitable opportunity to identify a feasible system with different energy sources that can fullfil the current and projected future load demand of the community. A techno-economic feasibility study for a hybrid RE based power system (REPS) is examined considering various energy sources and cost functions. Six different system configurations have been designed with different sizing combinations to identify the most optimum solution for the locality considering techno-economic and environmental viability. The performance metrics considered to evaluate the best suitable model are; Net Present Cost (NPC), Cost of Energy (COE), Renewable Fraction (RF), excess energy and seasonal load variations. In-depth, sensitivity analyses have been performed to investigate the variations of the studied models with a little variation of input variables. Of the studied configurations, an off-grid hybrid Hydro/PV/DG/Battery system was found to be the most economically feasible compared to other configurations. This system had the lowest NPC and COE of $307,657 and $0.165/kWh respectively and the highest RF of 87.5%. The proposed hybrid system could apply to any other remote areas in the region and anywhere worldwide.
Gm Shafiullah; Tjedza Masola; Remember Samu; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Sharmina Begum; Umashankar Subramaniam; Mohd Fakhizan Romlie; Mohammad Chowdhury; M. T. Arif. Prospects of Hybrid Renewable Energy-Based Power System: A Case Study, Post Analysis of Chipendeke Micro-Hydro, Zimbabwe. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 73433 -73452.
AMA StyleGm Shafiullah, Tjedza Masola, Remember Samu, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Sharmina Begum, Umashankar Subramaniam, Mohd Fakhizan Romlie, Mohammad Chowdhury, M. T. Arif. Prospects of Hybrid Renewable Energy-Based Power System: A Case Study, Post Analysis of Chipendeke Micro-Hydro, Zimbabwe. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 (99):73433-73452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGm Shafiullah; Tjedza Masola; Remember Samu; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Sharmina Begum; Umashankar Subramaniam; Mohd Fakhizan Romlie; Mohammad Chowdhury; M. T. Arif. 2021. "Prospects of Hybrid Renewable Energy-Based Power System: A Case Study, Post Analysis of Chipendeke Micro-Hydro, Zimbabwe." IEEE Access 9, no. 99: 73433-73452.
With the growth of forecasting models, energy forecasting is used for better planning, operation, and management in the electric grid. It is important to improve the accuracy of forecasting for a faster decision‐making process. Big data can handle large scale of datasets and extract the patterns fed to the deep learning models that improve the accuracy than the traditional models and hence, recently started its application in energy forecasting. In this study, an in‐depth insight is initially derived by investigating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques with their strengths and weaknesses, enhancing the consistency of renewable energy integration and modernizing the overall grid. However, Deep learning (DL) algorithms have the capability to handle big data by capturing the inherent non‐linear features through automatic feature extraction methods. Hence, an extensive and exhaustive review of generative, hybrid, and discriminative DL models is being examined for short‐term, medium‐term, and long‐term forecasting of renewable energy, energy consumption, demand, and supply etc. This study also explores the different data decomposition strategies used to build forecasting models. The recent success of DL is being investigated, and the insights of paradoxes in parameter optimization during the training of the model are identified. The impact of weather prediction in the wind and solar energy forecasting is examined in detail. From the existing literatures, it has seen that the average mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) value of solar and wind energy forecasting is 10.29% and 6.7% respectively. Current technology barriers involved in implementing these models for energy forecasting and the recommendations to overcome the existing system barriers are identified. An in‐depth analysis, discussions of the results, and the scope for improvement are provided in this study including the potential directions for future research in the energy forecasting.
Jayanthi Devaraj; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Gm Shafiullah; Taskin Jamal; Irfan Khan. A holistic review on energy forecasting using big data and deep learning models. International Journal of Energy Research 2021, 45, 13489 -13530.
AMA StyleJayanthi Devaraj, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Gm Shafiullah, Taskin Jamal, Irfan Khan. A holistic review on energy forecasting using big data and deep learning models. International Journal of Energy Research. 2021; 45 (9):13489-13530.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJayanthi Devaraj; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Gm Shafiullah; Taskin Jamal; Irfan Khan. 2021. "A holistic review on energy forecasting using big data and deep learning models." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 9: 13489-13530.
The United Nations (UN) have formulated seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and thus, humans were trying to traverse the sustainable path. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged and forced out the ephemeral conventional approaches. Thus, the post-COVID world indicates the need for sustainable development and strategies in par with the ecosystem. The authors propose this study as a guide to direct the post-pandemic scenario into the sustainable pathway by prioritizing energy sustainability to engage the actions for achieving the SDGs. The analysis in this study commences with the investigation of pronounced impacts in the energy sector with its influence on the progress towards sustainability. To pursue the path of energy sustainability, a qualitative analysis is performed in a parallel approach from the key viewpoint of the renewable and sustainable energy transition, digital transformation of the energy sector and energy affordability in the post-COVID world. A SWOT-AHP hybrid methodology is employed to identify the significance of each strategy or issues to be focused on immediately in the post-COVID world. The study also discusses energy sustainability from political bodies and policy makers’ perspective, and the actual scenario where we are headed is revealed with the aid of process-tracing method. Furthermore, a novel quantitative analysis is established to represent the SDG’s interaction and the result shows that the SDG 7 is the underpinning goal in relative to other SDGs. In context with it, the mapping of energy sustainability to the sustainable world is accomplished. The ultimate inference from envisioning the SDGs through energy sustainability shows that a sustainable world would result after the pandemic. However, the changes in the energy market, investment preferences and more importantly, the decisions influenced by the political bodies in the post-COVID-world is decisive in achieving the same in a stipulated time frame.
Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Rishi Pugazhendhi; Taskin Jamal; Joanna Dyduch; M.T. Arif; Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; Gm Shafiullah; Shauhrat S. Chopra; Mithulananthan Nadarajah. Envisioning the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the lens of energy sustainability (SDG 7) in the post-COVID-19 world. Applied Energy 2021, 292, 116665 .
AMA StyleRajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Rishi Pugazhendhi, Taskin Jamal, Joanna Dyduch, M.T. Arif, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, Gm Shafiullah, Shauhrat S. Chopra, Mithulananthan Nadarajah. Envisioning the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the lens of energy sustainability (SDG 7) in the post-COVID-19 world. Applied Energy. 2021; 292 ():116665.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Rishi Pugazhendhi; Taskin Jamal; Joanna Dyduch; M.T. Arif; Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; Gm Shafiullah; Shauhrat S. Chopra; Mithulananthan Nadarajah. 2021. "Envisioning the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the lens of energy sustainability (SDG 7) in the post-COVID-19 world." Applied Energy 292, no. : 116665.
Overloading and renewable‐based excessive generation are a frequently observed phenomena in an autonomously operating islanded microgrid (MG) which will lead to unacceptable voltage or frequency deviation in the MG. Such problems can be alleviated by mechanisms such as load shedding or curtailment of renewable sources. Alternatively, coupling the neighbouring MGs and enabling a provisional power exchange amongst them can improve the situation more effectively. The power exchange link between the MGs can be in the form of a conventional three‐phase ac line but a single‐phase ac link is more cost‐effective, especially considering the amount of the power that needs to be transferred through this link. This approach requires power electronics‐based converters to convert a three‐phase ac MG into a single‐phase power exchange link and control the power sharing amongst them. The same is needed when the MGs have to be coupled while maintaining their autonomy, but the corresponding costs of the single‐phase system are less. This article has proposed a decentralised approach to control and couple the neighbouring MGs to realise provisional power exchange through such a structure. The performance of the proposed control mechanism is evaluated through simulation studies in PSIM®, and its sensitivity and stability are analysed against its key design and operational factors.
S. M. Ferdous; Farhad Shahnia; Gm Shafiullah. Realising a system of coupled microgrid networks using single‐phase interconnection lines. IET Smart Grid 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleS. M. Ferdous, Farhad Shahnia, Gm Shafiullah. Realising a system of coupled microgrid networks using single‐phase interconnection lines. IET Smart Grid. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. M. Ferdous; Farhad Shahnia; Gm Shafiullah. 2021. "Realising a system of coupled microgrid networks using single‐phase interconnection lines." IET Smart Grid , no. : 1.
The return on investment for a microgrid can be accelerated if the microgrid can maximize its profits, either by minimizing the cost of energy production or maximizing the revenue from selling electricity to the microgrid customers. This can be achieved by implementing demand response. Under a demand response program, microgrid loads can be re-scheduled from peak to off-peak periods or shaved and shed during peak periods. Moreover, demand response execution may reduce customers’ comfort; thus, the microgrid operator should offer some compensating incentives to the participants. This study has been conducted from a microgrid owner’s perspective, aiming at determining the demand response incentives for its customers which should be feasible for both demand response participants and the microgrid operator. The incentives are derived from the difference between the microgrid’s profits before implementing the demand response program and its projected benefit before implementation. Due to the effects of controlling customers' loads to the customers comfort and economic aspects, the demand response is also optimized to minimize the number of affected loads and customers’ discomfort. The given incentive varies based on the participants' discomfort level and the load’s economic value. The results show that the microgrid operating under the proposed demand response program is able to increase its profits, part of which is allocated to the consumers as an incentive to participate in the program. Furthermore, the results from the sensitivity analysis show that the pay-back period of the participants’ demand response deployment cost is within the project lifetime.
Yuli Astriani; Gm Shafiullah; Farhad Shahnia. Incentive determination of a demand response program for microgrids. Applied Energy 2021, 292, 116624 .
AMA StyleYuli Astriani, Gm Shafiullah, Farhad Shahnia. Incentive determination of a demand response program for microgrids. Applied Energy. 2021; 292 ():116624.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuli Astriani; Gm Shafiullah; Farhad Shahnia. 2021. "Incentive determination of a demand response program for microgrids." Applied Energy 292, no. : 116624.
The COVID-19 pandemic affects all of society and hinders day-to-day activities from a straightforward perspective. The pandemic has an influential impact on almost everything and the characteristics of the pandemic remain unclear. This ultimately leads to ineffective strategic planning to manage the pandemic. This study aims to elucidate the typical pandemic characteristics in line with various temporal phases and its associated measures that proved effective in controlling the pandemic. Besides, an insight into diverse country’s approaches towards pandemic and their consequences is provided in brief. Understanding the role of technologies in supporting humanity gives new perspectives to effectively manage the pandemic. Such role of technologies is expressed from the viewpoint of seamless connectivity, rapid communication, mobility, technological influence in healthcare, digitalization influence, surveillance and security, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT). Furthermore, some insightful scenarios are framed where the full-fledged implementation of technologies is assumed, and the reflected pandemic impacts in such scenarios are analyzed. The framed scenarios revolve around the digitalized energy sector, an enhanced supply chain system with effective customer-retailer relationships to support the city during the pandemic scenario, and an advanced tracking system for containing virus spread. The study is further extended to frame revitalization strategies to highlight the expertise where significant attention needs to be provided in the post-pandemic period as well as to nurture sustainable development. Finally, the current pandemic scenario is analyzed in terms of occurred changes and is mapped into SWOT factors. Using Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, these SWOT factors are analyzed to determine where prioritized efforts are needed to focus so as to traverse towards sustainable cities. The results indicate that the enhanced crisis management ability and situational need to restructure the economic model emerges to be the most-significant SWOT factor that can ultimately support humanity for making the cities sustainable.
Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Rishi Pugazhendhi; G.M. Shafiullah; Muhammad Irfan; Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam. A hover view over effectual approaches on pandemic management for sustainable cities – The endowment of prospective technologies with revitalization strategies. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 68, 102789 .
AMA StyleRajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Rishi Pugazhendhi, G.M. Shafiullah, Muhammad Irfan, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam. A hover view over effectual approaches on pandemic management for sustainable cities – The endowment of prospective technologies with revitalization strategies. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 68 ():102789.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Rishi Pugazhendhi; G.M. Shafiullah; Muhammad Irfan; Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam. 2021. "A hover view over effectual approaches on pandemic management for sustainable cities – The endowment of prospective technologies with revitalization strategies." Sustainable Cities and Society 68, no. : 102789.
The proposed work focuses on the power enhancement of grid-connected solar photovoltaic and wind energy (PV-WE) system integrated with an energy storage system (ESS) and electric vehicles (EVs). The research works available in the literature emphasize only on PV, PV-ESS, WE, and WE-ESS. The enhancement techniques such as Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), Generalized UPFC (GUPFC), and Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based techniques including Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)-UPFC, and Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)-FLC have been perceived in the existing literature for power enhancement. Further, the EVs are emerging as an integral domain of the power grid but because of the uncertainties and limitations involved in renewable energy sources (RESs) and ESS, the EVs preference towards the RES is shifted away. Therefore, it is required to focus on improving the power quality of the PV-WE-ESS-EV system connected with the grid, which is yet to be explored and validated with the available technique for enhancing power quality. Furthermore, in the case of the bidirectional power flow from vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V), optimal controlling is crucial for which an electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) is designed. The designed EVA is proposed for the PV-WE-ESS-EV system so as to obtain the benefits such as uninterruptible power supply, effective the load demand satisfaction, and efficient utilization of the electrical power. The power flow from source to load and from one source to another source is controlled with the support of FLC. The FLC decides the economic utilization of power during peak load and off-peak load. The reduced power quality at the load side is observed as a result of varying loads in the random fashion and this issue is sorted out by using UPQC in this proposed study. From the results, it can be observed that the maximum power is achieved in the case of PV and WE systems with the help of the FLC-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. Furthermore, the artificial neural network (ANN)-based technique is utilized for the development of the MPPT algorithm which in turn is employed for the validation of the proposed technique. The outputs of both the techniques are compared to select the best-performing technique. A key observation from the results and analysis indicates that the power output from FLC-based MPPT is better than that of ANN-based MPPT. Thus, the proper and economical utilization of power is achieved with the help of FLC and UPQC. It can be inferred that the EVs can play a vital role in imparting the flexibility in terms of power consumption and grid stabilization during peak load and off-peak load durations provided that the proper control techniques and grid integration are well-established.
Kumari Sarita; Sachin Kumar; Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; R. K. Saket; G. M. Shafiullah; Eklas Hossain. Power Enhancement With Grid Stabilization of Renewable Energy-Based Generation System Using UPQC-FLC-EVA Technique. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 207443 -207464.
AMA StyleKumari Sarita, Sachin Kumar, Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, R. K. Saket, G. M. Shafiullah, Eklas Hossain. Power Enhancement With Grid Stabilization of Renewable Energy-Based Generation System Using UPQC-FLC-EVA Technique. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():207443-207464.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKumari Sarita; Sachin Kumar; Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; R. K. Saket; G. M. Shafiullah; Eklas Hossain. 2020. "Power Enhancement With Grid Stabilization of Renewable Energy-Based Generation System Using UPQC-FLC-EVA Technique." IEEE Access 8, no. : 207443-207464.
The hydrogen industry in Australia has gained tremendous momentum in 2018 and after the publishing of the National Hydrogen Roadmap. In this study, a comprehensive review of the recent history of hydrogen-related activities and publications, as well as hydrogen funding programs and the funded projects, was conducted. Most of these activities were tabulated and discussed from the perspective of sorting, documentation, and contrast. The broad picture indicates the need and necessity of a unified national database for the hydrogen industry landscape. An innovative modular online (web-based) crowdsourced database platform is introduced in this paper as the “Australia Hydrogen Industry Knowledge-Sharing Platform” to include all hydrogen-related activities in Australia. This web-based platform will be presented in the form of a business to generate revenue to offset operation and maintenance costs and ensure the system updating. This study will not only guide the Australian governments and/or stakeholders to develop a hydrogen economy for the future but also other countries to promote their hydrogen industry.
Furat Dawood; G.M. Shafiullah; Martin Anda. A hover view over Australia's Hydrogen Industry in recent history: The necessity for a Hydrogen Industry Knowledge-Sharing Platform. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45, 32916 -32939.
AMA StyleFurat Dawood, G.M. Shafiullah, Martin Anda. A hover view over Australia's Hydrogen Industry in recent history: The necessity for a Hydrogen Industry Knowledge-Sharing Platform. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 45 (58):32916-32939.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFurat Dawood; G.M. Shafiullah; Martin Anda. 2020. "A hover view over Australia's Hydrogen Industry in recent history: The necessity for a Hydrogen Industry Knowledge-Sharing Platform." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 58: 32916-32939.
The demand of electricity has been reduced significantly due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Governments around the world were compelled to reduce the business activity in response to minimize the threat of coronavirus. This on-going situation due to COVID-19 has changed the lifestyle globally as people are mostly staying home and working from home if possible. Hence, there is a significant increase in residential load demand while there is a substantial decrease in commercial and industrial loads. This devastating situation creates new challenges in the technical and financial activities of the power sector and hence most of the utilities around the world initiated a disaster management plan to tackle this ongoing challenges/threats. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the global scenarios of power systems during COVID-19 along with the socio-economic and technical issues faced by the utilities. Then, this study further scrutinized the Indian power system as a case study and explored scenarios, issues and challenges currently being faced to manage the consumer load demand, including the actions taken by the utilities/power sector for the smooth operation of the power system. Finally, a set of recommendations are presented to support the government/policymakers/utilities around the world not only to overcome the current crisis but also to overcome future unforeseeable pandemic alike scenario.
Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Gm Shafiullah; Kannadasan Raju; Vijay Mudgal; M.T. Arif; Taskin Jamal; Senthilkumar Subramanian; V.S. Sriraja Balaguru; K.S. Reddy; Umashankar Subramaniam. COVID-19: Impact analysis and recommendations for power sector operation. Applied Energy 2020, 279, 115739 -115739.
AMA StyleRajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Gm Shafiullah, Kannadasan Raju, Vijay Mudgal, M.T. Arif, Taskin Jamal, Senthilkumar Subramanian, V.S. Sriraja Balaguru, K.S. Reddy, Umashankar Subramaniam. COVID-19: Impact analysis and recommendations for power sector operation. Applied Energy. 2020; 279 ():115739-115739.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Gm Shafiullah; Kannadasan Raju; Vijay Mudgal; M.T. Arif; Taskin Jamal; Senthilkumar Subramanian; V.S. Sriraja Balaguru; K.S. Reddy; Umashankar Subramaniam. 2020. "COVID-19: Impact analysis and recommendations for power sector operation." Applied Energy 279, no. : 115739-115739.
Tracking performance and stability play a major role in observer design for speed estimation purpose in motor drives used in vehicles. It is all the more prevalent at lower speed ranges. There was a need to have a tradeoff between these parameters ensuring the speed bandwidth remains as wide as possible. This work demonstrates an improved static and dynamic performance of a sliding mode state observer used for speed sensorless 3 phase induction motor drive employed in electric vehicles (EVs). The estimated torque is treated as a model disturbance and integrated into the state observer while the error is constrained in the sliding hyperplane. Two state observers with different disturbance handling mechanisms have been designed. Depending on, how they reject disturbances, based on their structure, their performance is studied and analyzed with respect to speed bandwidth, tracking and disturbance handling capability. The proposed observer with superior disturbance handling capabilities is able to provide a wider speed range, which is a main issue in EV. Here, a new dimension of model based design strategy is employed namely the Processor-in-Loop. The concept is validated in a real-time model based design test bench powered by RT-lab. The plant and the controller are built in a Simulink environment and made compatible with real-time blocksets and the system is executed in real-time targets OP4500/OP5600 (Opal-RT). Additionally, the Processor-in-Loop hardware verification is performed by using two adapters, which are used to loop-back analog and digital input and outputs. It is done to include a real-world signal routing between the plant and the controller thereby, ensuring a real-time interaction between the plant and the controller. Results validated portray better disturbance handling, steady state and a dynamic tracking profile, higher speed bandwidth and lesser torque pulsations compared to the conventional observer.
Mohan Krishna Srinivasan; Febin Daya John Lionel; Umashankar Subramaniam; Frede Blaabjerg; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; G. M. Shafiullah; Irfan Khan; Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban. Real-Time Processor-in-Loop Investigation of a Modified Non-Linear State Observer Using Sliding Modes for Speed Sensorless Induction Motor Drive in Electric Vehicles. Energies 2020, 13, 4212 .
AMA StyleMohan Krishna Srinivasan, Febin Daya John Lionel, Umashankar Subramaniam, Frede Blaabjerg, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, G. M. Shafiullah, Irfan Khan, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban. Real-Time Processor-in-Loop Investigation of a Modified Non-Linear State Observer Using Sliding Modes for Speed Sensorless Induction Motor Drive in Electric Vehicles. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohan Krishna Srinivasan; Febin Daya John Lionel; Umashankar Subramaniam; Frede Blaabjerg; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; G. M. Shafiullah; Irfan Khan; Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban. 2020. "Real-Time Processor-in-Loop Investigation of a Modified Non-Linear State Observer Using Sliding Modes for Speed Sensorless Induction Motor Drive in Electric Vehicles." Energies 13, no. 16: 4212.
The production of maximum wind energy requires controlling various parts of medium to large-scale wind turbines (WTs). This paper presents a robust pitch angle control system for the rated wind turbine power at a wide range of simulated wind speeds by means of a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. In addition, ant colony optimization (ACO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and classical Ziegler–Nichols (Z-N) algorithms have been used for tuning the PID controller parameters to obtain within rated stable output power of WTs from fluctuating wind speeds. The proposed system is simulated under fast wind speed variation, and its results are compared with those of the PID-ZN controller and PID-PSO to verify its effeteness. The proposed approach contains several benefits including simple implementation, as well as tolerance of turbine parameters and several nonparametric uncertainties. Robust control of the generator output power with wind-speed variations can also be considered a significant advantage of this strategy. Theoretical analyses, as well as simulation results, indicate that the proposed controller can perform better in a wide range of wind speed compared with the PID-ZN and PID-PSO controllers. The WT model and hybrid controllers (PID-ACO and PID-PSO) have been developed in MATLAB/Simulink with validated controller models. The hybrid PID-ACO controller was found to be the most suitable in comparison to the PID-PSO and conventional PID. The root mean square (RMS) error calculated between the desired power and the WT’s output power with PID-ACO is found to be 0.00036, which is the smallest result among the studied controllers.
Rasel Sarkar; Sabariah Julai; Chong Wen Tong; Moslem Uddin; M.F. Romlie; Gm Shafiullah. Hybrid Pitch Angle Controller Approaches for Stable Wind Turbine Power under Variable Wind Speed. Energies 2020, 13, 3622 .
AMA StyleRasel Sarkar, Sabariah Julai, Chong Wen Tong, Moslem Uddin, M.F. Romlie, Gm Shafiullah. Hybrid Pitch Angle Controller Approaches for Stable Wind Turbine Power under Variable Wind Speed. Energies. 2020; 13 (14):3622.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasel Sarkar; Sabariah Julai; Chong Wen Tong; Moslem Uddin; M.F. Romlie; Gm Shafiullah. 2020. "Hybrid Pitch Angle Controller Approaches for Stable Wind Turbine Power under Variable Wind Speed." Energies 13, no. 14: 3622.
Autonomous microgrids (MGs) are being installed in large remote areas to supply power where access to the utility grid is unavailable or infeasible. The power generation of such standalone MGs is largely dominated by renewable based energy sources where overloading or power deficiencies can be common due to the high intermittency and uncertainty in both load and power generation. Load-shedding is the most common mechanism to alleviate these problems to prevent system instability. To minimize load-shedding, most MGs are equipped with local battery energy storage (BES) systems to provide additional support. Furthermore, in the event of severe overloading or when BES capacity is insufficient to alleviate the overload, neighboring MGs can be provisionally coupled to provide mutual support to each other which is a more effective, economic and reliable approach. Such a coupling is preferred to be via power electronic converters to enhance the autonomy of the MGs. This paper proposes a two-stage, coordinated power sharing strategy among BESs and coupled MGs for overload management in autonomous MGs, through dynamic frequency control. Both local BES and the neighboring MGs can work in conjunction or individually to supply the required overload power demand. For this, BES’ state of charge should be above a minimum level and extra power generation capacity needs to be available in the neighboring MGs. A predefined framework with appropriate constraints and conditions, under which the power exchange will take place, are defined and formulated. The proposed mechanism is a decentralized approach, operating based on local frequency and state of charge measurements, and without any data communication amongst the MGs. The dynamic performance of such a network, is evaluated through extensive simulation studies in PSIM Ⓡ and verifies that the proposed strategy can successfully alleviate the overloading situation in the MGs through proper frequency regulation.
S. M. Ferdous; G. M. Shafiullah; Farhad Shahnia; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Umashankar Subramaniam. Dynamic Frequency and Overload Management in Autonomous Coupled Microgrids for Self-Healing and Resiliency Improvement. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 116796 -116811.
AMA StyleS. M. Ferdous, G. M. Shafiullah, Farhad Shahnia, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Umashankar Subramaniam. Dynamic Frequency and Overload Management in Autonomous Coupled Microgrids for Self-Healing and Resiliency Improvement. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():116796-116811.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. M. Ferdous; G. M. Shafiullah; Farhad Shahnia; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Umashankar Subramaniam. 2020. "Dynamic Frequency and Overload Management in Autonomous Coupled Microgrids for Self-Healing and Resiliency Improvement." IEEE Access 8, no. : 116796-116811.
Energy, being a prime enabler in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), should be affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern. One of the SDGs (i.e., SDG7) suggests that it is necessary to ensure energy access for all. In developing countries like India, the progress toward SDG7 has somewhat stagnated. The aging conventional electric power system has its dominant share of energy from fossil fuels, plagued with frequent power outages, and leaves many un-electrified areas. These are not characteristics of a sustainable and modern system in the context of the SDG7. Promoting renewable-based energy systems, especially in the context of microgrids (MGs), is one of the promising advances needed to rejuvenate the progress toward the SDG7. In this context, a hybrid renewable energy microgrid (HREM) is proposed that gives assurance for energy access to all in an affordable, reliable, and sustainable way through modern energy systems. In this paper, a techno-economic and environmental modeling of the grid-independent HREM and its optimization for a remote community in South India are presented. A case of HREM with a proposed configuration of photovoltaic/wind turbine/diesel generator/battery energy storage system (PV/WT/DG/BESS) was modeled to meet the community residential electric load requirements. This investigation dealt with the optimum sizes of the different components used in the HREM. The results of this model presented numerous feasible solutions. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the best solution from the four optimized results. From the results, it was established that a PV + DG + BESS based HREM was the most cost-effective configuration for the specific location. In addition, the obtained optimum solutions were mapped with the key criteria of the SDG7. This mapping also suggested that the PV + DG + BESS configuration falls within the context of the SDG7. Overall, it is understood that the proposed HREM would provide energy access to households that is affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern.
Nallapaneni Kumar; Shauhrat Chopra; Aneesh Chand; Rajvikram Elavarasan; G.M. Shafiullah. Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrid for a Residential Community: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Perspective in the Context of the SDG7. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3944 .
AMA StyleNallapaneni Kumar, Shauhrat Chopra, Aneesh Chand, Rajvikram Elavarasan, G.M. Shafiullah. Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrid for a Residential Community: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Perspective in the Context of the SDG7. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):3944.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNallapaneni Kumar; Shauhrat Chopra; Aneesh Chand; Rajvikram Elavarasan; G.M. Shafiullah. 2020. "Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrid for a Residential Community: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Perspective in the Context of the SDG7." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 3944.
Clean and environment-friendly energy harvesting is of prime interest today as it is one of the key enablers in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as accelerates social progress and enhances living standards. India, the second-most populous nation with a population of 1.353 billion, is one of the largest consumers of fossil fuels in the world which is responsible for global warming. An ever-increasing population is projected until 2050, and consequently, the energy demand in the upcoming decades will be co-accelerated by the rapid industrial growth. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) with the support of National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog is working to achieve the Indian Government’s target of attaining 175 GW through renewable energy resources. Many Indian states are currently increasing their renewable energy capacity in an objective to meet future energy demand. The review paper discusses in-depth about the three Indian states namely Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu which pioneers the renewable energy production in India. The global energy scenario was discussed in detail with Indian contrast. Further, the barriers to the development of renewable energy generation and policies of the Indian government are discussed in detail to promote renewable energy generation throughout India as well as globally since the challenges are similar for other nations. This study analyzed various prospects of the country in renewable energy which has been done in a purpose to help the scholars, researchers, and policymakers of the nation, as it gives an insight into the present renewable energy scenario of the country.
Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; G.M. Shafiullah; Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban; Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; Annapurna Annam; Ajayragavan Manavalanagar Vetrichelvan; Lucian Mihet-Popa; Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen. A Comprehensive Review on Renewable Energy Development, Challenges, and Policies of Leading Indian States With an International Perspective. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 74432 -74457.
AMA StyleRajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, G.M. Shafiullah, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, Annapurna Annam, Ajayragavan Manavalanagar Vetrichelvan, Lucian Mihet-Popa, Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen. A Comprehensive Review on Renewable Energy Development, Challenges, and Policies of Leading Indian States With an International Perspective. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):74432-74457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; G.M. Shafiullah; Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban; Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; Annapurna Annam; Ajayragavan Manavalanagar Vetrichelvan; Lucian Mihet-Popa; Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen. 2020. "A Comprehensive Review on Renewable Energy Development, Challenges, and Policies of Leading Indian States With an International Perspective." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 74432-74457.
A 100% renewable energy-based stand-alone microgrid system can be developed by robust energy storage systems to stabilize the variable and intermittent renewable energy resources. Hydrogen as an energy carrier and energy storage medium has gained enormous interest globally in recent years. Its use in stand-alone or off-grid microgrids for both the urban and rural communities has commenced recently in some locations. Therefore, this research evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of renewable energy-based systems using hydrogen as energy storage for a stand-alone/off-grid microgrid. Three case scenarios in a microgrid environment were identified and investigated in order to select an optimum solution for a remote community by considering the energy balance and techno-economic optimization. The “HOMER Pro” energy modelling and simulating software was used to compare the energy balance, economics and environmental impact amongst the proposed scenarios. The simulation results showed that the hydrogen-battery hybrid energy storage system is the most cost-effective scenario, though all developed scenarios are technically possible and economically comparable in the long run, while each has different merits and challenges. It has been shown that the proposed hybrid energy systems have significant potentialities in electrifying remote communities with low energy generation costs, as well as a contribution to the reduction of their carbon footprint and to ameliorating the energy crisis to achieve a sustainable future.
Furat Dawood; Gm Shafiullah; Martin Anda. Stand-Alone Microgrid with 100% Renewable Energy: A Case Study with Hybrid Solar PV-Battery-Hydrogen. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2047 .
AMA StyleFurat Dawood, Gm Shafiullah, Martin Anda. Stand-Alone Microgrid with 100% Renewable Energy: A Case Study with Hybrid Solar PV-Battery-Hydrogen. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):2047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFurat Dawood; Gm Shafiullah; Martin Anda. 2020. "Stand-Alone Microgrid with 100% Renewable Energy: A Case Study with Hybrid Solar PV-Battery-Hydrogen." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 2047.
Power to hydrogen is a promising solution for storing variable Renewable Energy (RE) to achieve a 100% renewable and sustainable hydrogen economy. The hydrogen-based energy system (energy to hydrogen to energy) comprises four main stages; production, storage, safety and utilisation. The hydrogen-based energy system is presented as four corners (stages) of a square shaped integrated whole to demonstrate the interconnection and interdependency of these main stages. The hydrogen production pathway and specific technology selection are dependent on the type of energy and feedstock available as well as the end-use purity required. Hence, purification technologies are included in the production pathways for system integration, energy storage, utilisation or RE export. Hydrogen production pathways and associated technologies are reviewed in this paper for their interconnection and interdependence on the other corners of the hydrogen square. Despite hydrogen being zero-carbon-emission energy at the end-use point, it depends on the cleanness of the production pathway and the energy used to produce it. Thus, the guarantee of hydrogen origin is essential to consider hydrogen as clean energy. An innovative model is introduced as a hydrogen cleanness index coding for further investigation and development.
Furat Dawood; Martin Anda; G.M. Shafiullah. Hydrogen production for energy: An overview. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45, 3847 -3869.
AMA StyleFurat Dawood, Martin Anda, G.M. Shafiullah. Hydrogen production for energy: An overview. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 45 (7):3847-3869.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFurat Dawood; Martin Anda; G.M. Shafiullah. 2020. "Hydrogen production for energy: An overview." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 7: 3847-3869.