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Fiji is a small Pacific Island Country with a population of around 902,536 people. The current pandemic of COVID-19 is impacting the well-being, social life, and economic status of the country. Besides, the well-known health difficulties caused by this virus, education is another crucial sector that has been crippled. To prevent the local transmission of such deadly virus the common exercises used globally are lockdowns (stay-in), social distancing, and use of PPEs (facemask, hand glove, and face shield). As a result, students, and teachers at all levels of school have been obliged to quickly adapt to online learning. Therefore, in this paper, an outlook of COVID-19 and its impact on the educational system is discussed.
Aneesh A. Chand; Prashant P. Lal; Krishneel K. Chand. Remote learning and online teaching in Fiji during COVID-19: The challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Surgery 2021, 106019 .
AMA StyleAneesh A. Chand, Prashant P. Lal, Krishneel K. Chand. Remote learning and online teaching in Fiji during COVID-19: The challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Surgery. 2021; ():106019.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneesh A. Chand; Prashant P. Lal; Krishneel K. Chand. 2021. "Remote learning and online teaching in Fiji during COVID-19: The challenges and opportunities." International Journal of Surgery , no. : 106019.
Globally, digital contact tracing initiatives has been used as a tool to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The Fijian Government and Ministry of Health are promoting the use of the “careFiji” app to help in contact tracing. This paper will discuss the rollout of the careFiji app which helps in combating COVID-19 in Fiji, and the challenges caused by the digital gap that has surfaced during the pandemic.
Shivnay S. Chand; Aneesh A. Chand; Krishneel K. Chand. The use of careFiji app for contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Digital gap and challenges faced in Fiji. International Journal of Surgery 2021, 106023 .
AMA StyleShivnay S. Chand, Aneesh A. Chand, Krishneel K. Chand. The use of careFiji app for contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Digital gap and challenges faced in Fiji. International Journal of Surgery. 2021; ():106023.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShivnay S. Chand; Aneesh A. Chand; Krishneel K. Chand. 2021. "The use of careFiji app for contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Digital gap and challenges faced in Fiji." International Journal of Surgery , no. : 106023.
The spread of misinformation, facilitated by social media and other digital platforms, has proven to be as destructive to global public health as the SARS-CoV-2 virus itself. Fake news adds challenges to human communication efforts, producing tension, misunderstanding, and disbelief. While social platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Viber, etc. have provided a huge relief during the lockdown helping reduce mental stress and depression as well as facilitating online education, and work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic, it has also raised concerns over the spread of fake news. In such a situation, online fake news poses a new threat to public health communication as more people now depend on the internet to get health-related information. In response, this study seeks to understand how manipulation of news on social media has posed a threat to Fijian public health. Eventually, some of these have resulted in police investigations.
Aneesh A. Chand. Abuse of social media during COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji. International Journal of Surgery 2021, 106012 .
AMA StyleAneesh A. Chand. Abuse of social media during COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji. International Journal of Surgery. 2021; ():106012.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneesh A. Chand. 2021. "Abuse of social media during COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji." International Journal of Surgery , no. : 106012.
Since the beginning of the pandemic, a variety of interventions have reduced SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and mortality, including individual precautions such as wearing proper personal protective equipment (i.e., hand gloves, facemasks, and face shields), social distancing, handwashing, and limiting interpersonal interaction to outside situations. The most promising hope for ending the COVID-19 pandemic is the successful launch of COVID-19 vaccines. In response, this letter to editor will disclose the rollout of COVID-19 vaccination and challenges caused by digital platforms in Fiji.
Aneesh A. Chand. COVID-19 and vaccination rollout in Fiji: Challenges caused by digital platform. International Journal of Surgery 2021, 91, 106001 .
AMA StyleAneesh A. Chand. COVID-19 and vaccination rollout in Fiji: Challenges caused by digital platform. International Journal of Surgery. 2021; 91 ():106001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneesh A. Chand. 2021. "COVID-19 and vaccination rollout in Fiji: Challenges caused by digital platform." International Journal of Surgery 91, no. : 106001.
COVID-19 pandemic is a designated worldwide public health emergency, the use of a variety of plastic-based personal protective equipment (PPE) has escalated as a means of reducing infection. Emerging reports imply that the rapid expansion of PPE during the COVID-19 outbreak has exacerbated microplastics contamination in the ocean. In response, this letter to the editor will disclose the impact of PPEs on clean water sanitation, life below water, and life on land in regards to SDGs 6, 14, and 15, respectively.
Aneesh A. Chand. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during COVID-19 pandemic: A letter to the editor on “Envisioning the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the lens of clean water sanitation, life below water, and life on land in Fiji”. International Journal of Surgery 2021, 91, 105995 .
AMA StyleAneesh A. Chand. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during COVID-19 pandemic: A letter to the editor on “Envisioning the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the lens of clean water sanitation, life below water, and life on land in Fiji”. International Journal of Surgery. 2021; 91 ():105995.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneesh A. Chand. 2021. "Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during COVID-19 pandemic: A letter to the editor on “Envisioning the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the lens of clean water sanitation, life below water, and life on land in Fiji”." International Journal of Surgery 91, no. : 105995.
Farm machinery like water sprinklers (WS) and pesticide sprayers (PS) are becoming quite popular in the agricultural sector. The WS and PS are two distinct types of machinery, mostly powered using conventional energy sources. In recent times, the battery and solar-powered WS and PS have also emerged. With the current WS and PS, the main drawback is the lack of intelligence on water and pesticide use decisions and autonomous control. This paper proposes a novel multi-purpose smart farming robot (MpSFR) that handles both water sprinkling and pesticide spraying. The MpSFR is a photovoltaic (PV) powered battery-operated internet of things (IoT) and computer vision (CV) based robot that helps in automating the watering and spraying process. Firstly, the PV-powered battery-operated autonomous MpSFR equipped with a storage tank for water and pesticide drove with a programmed pumping device is engineered. The sprinkling and spraying mechanisms are made fully automatic with a programmed pattern that utilizes IoT sensors and CV to continuously monitor the soil moisture and the plant’s health based on pests. Two servo motors accomplish the horizontal and vertical orientation of the spraying nozzle. We provided an option to remotely switch the sprayer to spray either water or pesticide using an infrared device, i.e., within a 5-m range. Secondly, the operation of the developed MpSFR is experimentally verified in the test farm. The field test’s observed results include the solar power profile, battery charging, and discharging conditions. The results show that the MpSFR operates effectively, and decisions on water use and pesticide are automated.
Aneesh Chand; Kushal Prasad; Ellen Mar; Sanaila Dakai; Kabir Mamun; F. Islam; Utkal Mehta; Nallapaneni Kumar. Design and Analysis of Photovoltaic Powered Battery-Operated Computer Vision-Based Multi-Purpose Smart Farming Robot. Agronomy 2021, 11, 530 .
AMA StyleAneesh Chand, Kushal Prasad, Ellen Mar, Sanaila Dakai, Kabir Mamun, F. Islam, Utkal Mehta, Nallapaneni Kumar. Design and Analysis of Photovoltaic Powered Battery-Operated Computer Vision-Based Multi-Purpose Smart Farming Robot. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):530.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneesh Chand; Kushal Prasad; Ellen Mar; Sanaila Dakai; Kabir Mamun; F. Islam; Utkal Mehta; Nallapaneni Kumar. 2021. "Design and Analysis of Photovoltaic Powered Battery-Operated Computer Vision-Based Multi-Purpose Smart Farming Robot." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 530.
Due to the rapid growth in power consumption of domestic and industrial appliances, distributed energy generation units face difficulties in supplying power efficiently. The integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) provides a solution to these problems using appropriate management schemes to achieve optimal operation. Furthermore, to lessen the uncertainties of distributed energy management systems, a decentralized energy management system named virtual power plant (VPP) plays a significant role. This paper presents a comprehensive review of 65 existing different VPP optimization models, techniques, and algorithms based on their system configuration, parameters, and control schemes. Moreover, the paper categorizes the discussed optimization techniques into seven different types, namely conventional technique, offering model, intelligent technique, price-based unit commitment (PBUC) model, optimal bidding, stochastic technique, and linear programming, to underline the commercial and technical efficacy of VPP at day-ahead scheduling at the electricity market. The uncertainties of market prices, load demand, and power distribution in the VPP system are mentioned and analyzed to maximize the system profits with minimum cost. The outcome of the systematic categorization is believed to be a base for future endeavors in the field of VPP development.
Amit Kumer Podder; Sayemul Islam; Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; Aneesh A. Chand; Pulivarthi Nageswara Rao; Kushal A. Prasad; T. Logeswaran; Kabir A. Mamun. Systematic Categorization of Optimization Strategies for Virtual Power Plants. Energies 2020, 13, 6251 .
AMA StyleAmit Kumer Podder, Sayemul Islam, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, Aneesh A. Chand, Pulivarthi Nageswara Rao, Kushal A. Prasad, T. Logeswaran, Kabir A. Mamun. Systematic Categorization of Optimization Strategies for Virtual Power Plants. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmit Kumer Podder; Sayemul Islam; Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; Aneesh A. Chand; Pulivarthi Nageswara Rao; Kushal A. Prasad; T. Logeswaran; Kabir A. Mamun. 2020. "Systematic Categorization of Optimization Strategies for Virtual Power Plants." Energies 13, no. 23: 6251.
Smart grid (SG), an evolving concept in the modern power infrastructure, enables the two-way flow of electricity and data between the peers within the electricity system networks (ESN) and its clusters. The self-healing capabilities of SG allow the peers to become active partakers in ESN. In general, the SG is intended to replace the fossil fuel-rich conventional grid with the distributed energy resources (DER) and pools numerous existing and emerging know-hows like information and digital communications technologies together to manage countless operations. With this, the SG will able to “detect, react, and pro-act” to changes in usage and address multiple issues, thereby ensuring timely grid operations. However, the “detect, react, and pro-act” features in DER-based SG can only be accomplished at the fullest level with the use of technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and the Blockchain (BC). The techniques associated with AI include fuzzy logic, knowledge-based systems, and neural networks. They have brought advances in controlling DER-based SG. The IoT and BC have also enabled various services like data sensing, data storage, secured, transparent, and traceable digital transactions among ESN peers and its clusters. These promising technologies have gone through fast technological evolution in the past decade, and their applications have increased rapidly in ESN. Hence, this study discusses the SG and applications of AI, IoT, and BC. First, a comprehensive survey of the DER, power electronics components and their control, electric vehicles (EVs) as load components, and communication and cybersecurity issues are carried out. Second, the role played by AI-based analytics, IoT components along with energy internet architecture, and the BC assistance in improving SG services are thoroughly discussed. This study revealed that AI, IoT, and BC provide automated services to peers by monitoring real-time information about the ESN, thereby enhancing reliability, availability, resilience, stability, security, and sustainability.
Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; Aneesh A. Chand; Maria Malvoni; Kushal A. Prasad; Kabir A. Mamun; F.R. Islam; Shauhrat S. Chopra. Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids. Energies 2020, 13, 5739 .
AMA StyleNallapaneni Manoj Kumar, Aneesh A. Chand, Maria Malvoni, Kushal A. Prasad, Kabir A. Mamun, F.R. Islam, Shauhrat S. Chopra. Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids. Energies. 2020; 13 (21):5739.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNallapaneni Manoj Kumar; Aneesh A. Chand; Maria Malvoni; Kushal A. Prasad; Kabir A. Mamun; F.R. Islam; Shauhrat S. Chopra. 2020. "Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids." Energies 13, no. 21: 5739.
The bearingless concept is a plausible alternative to the magnetic bearing drives. It provides numerous advantages like minimal maintenance, low cost, compactness and no requirement of high-performance power amplifiers. Controlling the rotor position and its displacements under parameter variations during acceleration and deceleration phases was not effective with the use of conventional controllers like proportional–integral–derivative (PID) and fuzzy-type controllers. Hence, to get the robust and stable operation of a bearingless switched reluctance motor (BSRM), a new robust dynamic sliding mode controller has been proposed in this paper, along with a sensorless operation using a sliding ode observer. The rotor displacement tracking error functions and speed tracking error functions are used in the designing of both proposed methods of the sliding mode switching functions. To get a healthy and stable operation of the BSRM, the proposed controller’s tasks are divided into three steps. As a first step, the displaced rotor in any one of the four quadrants in the air gap has to pull back to the centre position successfully. The second step is to run the motor at a rated speed by exciting torque phase currents, and finally, the third step is to maintain the stable and robust operation of the BSRM even under the application of different loads and changes of the motor parameters. Simulation studies were conducted and analysed under different testing conditions. The suspension forces, rotor displacements, are robust and stable, and the rotor is pulled back quickly to the centre position due to the proposed controller’s actions. The improved performance characteristics of the dynamic sliding mode controller (DSMC)-based sliding mode observer (SMO) was compared with the conventional sliding mode controller (SMC)-based SMO.
Pulivarthi Nageswara Rao; Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban; M. S. P. Subathra; Aneesh A. Chand. A Novel Sensorless Approach for Speed and Displacement Control of Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4070 .
AMA StylePulivarthi Nageswara Rao, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, M. S. P. Subathra, Aneesh A. Chand. A Novel Sensorless Approach for Speed and Displacement Control of Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (12):4070.
Chicago/Turabian StylePulivarthi Nageswara Rao; Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar; Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban; M. S. P. Subathra; Aneesh A. Chand. 2020. "A Novel Sensorless Approach for Speed and Displacement Control of Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12: 4070.
Energy, being a prime enabler in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), should be affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern. One of the SDGs (i.e., SDG7) suggests that it is necessary to ensure energy access for all. In developing countries like India, the progress toward SDG7 has somewhat stagnated. The aging conventional electric power system has its dominant share of energy from fossil fuels, plagued with frequent power outages, and leaves many un-electrified areas. These are not characteristics of a sustainable and modern system in the context of the SDG7. Promoting renewable-based energy systems, especially in the context of microgrids (MGs), is one of the promising advances needed to rejuvenate the progress toward the SDG7. In this context, a hybrid renewable energy microgrid (HREM) is proposed that gives assurance for energy access to all in an affordable, reliable, and sustainable way through modern energy systems. In this paper, a techno-economic and environmental modeling of the grid-independent HREM and its optimization for a remote community in South India are presented. A case of HREM with a proposed configuration of photovoltaic/wind turbine/diesel generator/battery energy storage system (PV/WT/DG/BESS) was modeled to meet the community residential electric load requirements. This investigation dealt with the optimum sizes of the different components used in the HREM. The results of this model presented numerous feasible solutions. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the best solution from the four optimized results. From the results, it was established that a PV + DG + BESS based HREM was the most cost-effective configuration for the specific location. In addition, the obtained optimum solutions were mapped with the key criteria of the SDG7. This mapping also suggested that the PV + DG + BESS configuration falls within the context of the SDG7. Overall, it is understood that the proposed HREM would provide energy access to households that is affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern.
Nallapaneni Kumar; Shauhrat Chopra; Aneesh Chand; Rajvikram Elavarasan; G.M. Shafiullah. Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrid for a Residential Community: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Perspective in the Context of the SDG7. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3944 .
AMA StyleNallapaneni Kumar, Shauhrat Chopra, Aneesh Chand, Rajvikram Elavarasan, G.M. Shafiullah. Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrid for a Residential Community: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Perspective in the Context of the SDG7. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):3944.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNallapaneni Kumar; Shauhrat Chopra; Aneesh Chand; Rajvikram Elavarasan; G.M. Shafiullah. 2020. "Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrid for a Residential Community: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Perspective in the Context of the SDG7." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 3944.
Traditionally, remote and urban communities worldwide have been supplied electricity almost completely by fossil fuel generators to accommodate for electricity needs. Currently, the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the current power generation systems can offer attractive economic and environmental merits, including considerable fuel savings and carbon dioxide emission reductions. In relation to sustainability, efficiency and economic feasibility, solar photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most promising sources of RESs which is being touted as a leading solution to long-term electrification and development problems in rural and urban parts of Pacific Island Countries (PICs). In this work, a grid-tie PV system is instigated at a residential scale. The idea of this research is not to claim the power output from the PV system but to show the feasibility of a grid-tie system at a residential scale. This will help the PICs, non-profit organisations and the government better share scarce resources towards achieving their energy goals and be in line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.
Aneesh A. Chand; Kushal A. Prasad; Kabir A. Mamun; Krishneel R. Sharma; Kritish K. Chand. Adoption of Grid-Tie Solar System at Residential Scale. Clean Technologies 2019, 1, 224 -231.
AMA StyleAneesh A. Chand, Kushal A. Prasad, Kabir A. Mamun, Krishneel R. Sharma, Kritish K. Chand. Adoption of Grid-Tie Solar System at Residential Scale. Clean Technologies. 2019; 1 (1):224-231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneesh A. Chand; Kushal A. Prasad; Kabir A. Mamun; Krishneel R. Sharma; Kritish K. Chand. 2019. "Adoption of Grid-Tie Solar System at Residential Scale." Clean Technologies 1, no. 1: 224-231.
Amongst all the energy sources from human motion, footstep has the potential of producing electrical energy as an alternative source to non-conventional renewable energy. Researchers have shown that human footstep kinetic energy can be converted to electrical energy by devised mechanism for low power application such as powering lights, radio and charging phones. Eventually, a novel fluid based energy harvesting paver was developed and tested to contribute towards sustainable development. The paver uses mini hydro generators to produce energy as fluid is forced through these mini hydro generators upon human stepping. This paper presents the pressure simulation of fluid bag system when subjected to an applied human force and the quarter ellipsoid shaped proved to be the best performer which can produce upto 1.4J per step. The pressure simulation provides a relation between pressure and output power.
Aneesh Chand; Kushal A. Prasad; Shivneel Singh; F. R. Islam; Maurizio Cirrincione; Kabir A. Mamun; Sumesh Narayan. Pressure Simulation for Footstep Energy Harvesting Paver. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology 2019, 1 -4.
AMA StyleAneesh Chand, Kushal A. Prasad, Shivneel Singh, F. R. Islam, Maurizio Cirrincione, Kabir A. Mamun, Sumesh Narayan. Pressure Simulation for Footstep Energy Harvesting Paver. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology. 2019; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneesh Chand; Kushal A. Prasad; Shivneel Singh; F. R. Islam; Maurizio Cirrincione; Kabir A. Mamun; Sumesh Narayan. 2019. "Pressure Simulation for Footstep Energy Harvesting Paver." 2019 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology , no. : 1-4.
Reinforced Concrete (RC) is globally used to make the building structure strong and more durable. Civil and structural engineers face major challenges as concrete structures deteriorate and get weaker. Recent development in field of assessing and monitoring the health condition of the building structure have shown that corrosion in concrete reinforcement is the cause of failure. Thus, there lies a better research opportunity in the field of monitoring and assessing health condition of the building structure. This paper presents an innovative technique of initial monitoring of corrosion in concrete structures using Non-Destruction Evaluation (NDE). An early monitoring sensor was developed using Faradays law of electromagnetic induction (EMI) principle, multiple loop coil (MLC) acts a sensor which has a receiver and transmitter coil. The placement of the two coils on concrete structures measures the potential difference which later is used to analyse the level of corrosion.
Aneesh Chand; Kushal A. Prasad; Kabir A. Mamun; F. R. Islam. Evaluation of Concrete Corrosion using EMI Sensor. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology 2019, 1 -4.
AMA StyleAneesh Chand, Kushal A. Prasad, Kabir A. Mamun, F. R. Islam. Evaluation of Concrete Corrosion using EMI Sensor. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology. 2019; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneesh Chand; Kushal A. Prasad; Kabir A. Mamun; F. R. Islam. 2019. "Evaluation of Concrete Corrosion using EMI Sensor." 2019 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology , no. : 1-4.
The corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete often leads to huge unbudgeted expenses for maintaining, monitoring and renovating an infrastructure. This is mainly due to the presence of salts or chemical chlorides that pose a danger to the concrete structures. The determination of the existence of these corrosive salts is vital for defining the service life of concrete. This research looked at developing an electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor for the detection of corrosive salts. The first design adopted a single-loop coil (SLC) concept, and the second was based on a multiple-loop coil (MLC) one using copper wire. Tests were conducted on these two techniques, and with the results obtained, the latter seemed more promising; thus, a prototype sensor was developed using the MLC concept. As this new prototype sensor was able to detect the manifestation of chemical contents in a concrete structure, it could be used as a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for the detection of corrosive chemicals in concrete and has the further possibility of detecting corrosion in concrete.
Kabir A. Mamun; Ravin N. Deo; F. R. Islam; Hemanshu R. Pota; Aneesh A. Chand; Kushal A. Prasad; Aisake Cakacaka. A Prototype of an Electromagnetic Induction Sensor for Non-Destructive Estimation of the Presence of Corrosive Chemicals Ensuing Concrete Corrosion. Sensors 2019, 19, 1959 .
AMA StyleKabir A. Mamun, Ravin N. Deo, F. R. Islam, Hemanshu R. Pota, Aneesh A. Chand, Kushal A. Prasad, Aisake Cakacaka. A Prototype of an Electromagnetic Induction Sensor for Non-Destructive Estimation of the Presence of Corrosive Chemicals Ensuing Concrete Corrosion. Sensors. 2019; 19 (9):1959.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKabir A. Mamun; Ravin N. Deo; F. R. Islam; Hemanshu R. Pota; Aneesh A. Chand; Kushal A. Prasad; Aisake Cakacaka. 2019. "A Prototype of an Electromagnetic Induction Sensor for Non-Destructive Estimation of the Presence of Corrosive Chemicals Ensuing Concrete Corrosion." Sensors 19, no. 9: 1959.