In crossbreeding, the greater the genetic distance between the parental genotypes, the greater the genetic variation between the hybrids. In this study, genetic diversity among 23 parental forage pea genotypes was assessed by phenotypic and molecular characterization. For morphological characterization, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) similarity dendrogram was generated using the following measurements: plant height (cm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and number of seeds per plant. The dendrogram divided the pea genotypes into two main groups, each with two subgroups. For molecular characterization, 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were tested of which 14 markers were polymorphic and 2 markers were monomorphic among the genotypes. A total of 106 alleles were obtained and the number of alleles per primer was changed between 4 and 10 with an average of 7.57. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.00 for all SSR primers and expected heterozygosity (He) differed from 0.64 to 0.90 with a mean of 0.84. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.55 to 0.87 and the average PIC value was calculated to be 0.78. The primers were found to be highly informative for peas genome. The similarity coefficient values between the genotypes ranged from 0.00 to 0.80. Both morphological and molecular research revealed significant variation among pea genotypes. In conclusion, both morphological and molecular research showed that there is significant variation among the genotypes and can be used as parents in further research.

Küresel iklim değişikliğinin sonuçlarından biri olan kuraklığın artması, tarımsal üretimde su kıtlığının yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, var olan sınırlı su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliğini sağlayacak sulama uygulamalarının kullanılması ve su yönetiminin yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, açık tarla koşullarında damlama sulama yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan kısıtlı sulama uygulamalarının Calypso F1 çeşidi turşuluk hıyar bitkilerinde meyve verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine olan etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Denemede sulama suyu miktarlarının belirlenmesinde A sınıfı buharlaşma kabı kullanılmış; %100 (S100), %75 (S75), %50 (S50) ve %25 (S25) olmak üzere dört farklı seviyede sulama uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Buna göre; bitki başına düşen en yüksek verim S100 (244.08 g-1) ve S75 (235.81 g/bitki-1) uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Özellikle, S50 uygulaması (198.25 g/bitki-1) ile birlikte verimde kayıplar meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, su miktarının azalması ile bitki boyu, yaprak oransal su kapsamı (YOSK), meyve eti sertliği, pH, toplam fenolik madde, klorofil a, klorofil b ve toplam klorofil miktarı değerlerinin azaldığı; suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM) miktarının arttığı belirlenmiştir. Titre edilebilir asit (TEA) ve elektriksel iletkenlik (EC) değerlerinde meydana gelen değişimler ise istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmamıştır (P<0.05). Meyve rengi “L”, “a” “b”, Kroma (C*) ve hue açısı (hue°) değerleri bakımından da uygulamalar arasında önemli farklılıklar saptanmıştır (P≥0.05). Sonuç olarak; Calypso F1 turşuluk hıyar çeşitinde, sulama suyunu etkin kullanarak, meyvelerde verim ve kalite kaybını en aza indirerek üretim yapabilmek için S75 uygulamasının kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Climate change has increased the need for turfgrass germplasm with improved adaptation, persistence, and resource-use efficiency. Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) is an important cool-season turfgrass species valued for its tolerance to environmental stresses. This study aimed to assess phenotypic and molecular diversity among individual tall fescue plants derived from 24 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Gene Bank accessions and to identify promising turf-type parental material by integrating phenotypic and molecular information. A total of 223 genotypes were evaluated for 17 morphological and agronomic traits, and 120 genotypes were selected using a multi-trait weighted selection index for SSR-based molecular characterization. Principal component (PC) analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 accounted for 50.8% and 12.0% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. Fourteen polymorphic SSR markers generated 69 polymorphic bands, with an overall mean polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.343. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) analysis resolved two major molecular groups with four nested subclusters. Mantel analysis showed a weak but significant positive association between phenotypic and SSR-based molecular distances (r = 0.137, p < 0.001), indicating limited correspondence between the two data types. By jointly considering morphological performance and molecular diversity, 60 genotypes were identified as promising parental candidates for future tall fescue breeding programs.

The development of molecular marker technology in the late 20th century has revolutionized plant breeding, particularly for minor species that previously lacked sufficient data. Accurate information on structure and genetic diversity is crucial to improve this activity. This study was conducted on fig accessions from various regions of Romania. The accessions are part of the fig germplasm collection at the Faculty of Horticulture, Bucharest. The genetic variability among 31 fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions was examined using 17 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers previously developed for this crop. The primer pairs revealed a total of 54 alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to six, with an average of 3.60 alleles per locus. The mean expected (He) was 0.55, and the mean polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.61. The genetic relationships are illustrated by hierarchical clustering. UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the fig accessions analyzed into two principal clusters. All of these suggest a molecular diversity among the studied fig accessions