Mulberry (Morus alba) by-products represent underutilized feed resources with potential for ruminant nutrition. This study evaluated the rumen fermentation kinetics and rumen digestibility of dried mulberry pomace (MP) and leaf (ML) to determine optimal inclusion strategies in dairy cattle diets. Mulberry pomace (MP) and mulberry leaf (ML) were sun-dried and incorporated at 50% substitution levels into total mixed rations (TMR) with varying concentrations (30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50%) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). This created ten treatment groups: 30NP through 50NP (pomace-supplemented, where the number represents basal TMR NDF%) and 30NL through 50NL (leaf-supplemented), plus control groups containing only MP or ML and five basal TMR controls (30N through 50N). Rumen fluid was collected from two non-lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas. Chemical analysis revealed that ML contained 19% crude protein and 27.4% NDF, while MP contained 14.9% crude protein and 35.8% NDF. The highest gas production was observed in the 45NP (43.20 mL) and 50NL (43.50 mL) groups. Results demonstrated that MP achieved optimal fermentation when combined with 40–45% NDF TMR (maximum total volatile fatty acid (VFA): 88.86 mmol/L in 40NP at 48 h), whereas ML performed best with 45% NDF TMR (45NL: 88.03 mmol/L total VFA), indicating these as the most promising treatment combinations for ruminant feeding systems pending in vivo validation. Acetate proportions were higher in ML groups (84–96%), while propionate ratios were elevated in MP groups. Both materials maintained optimal ruminal pH (6.2–6.8). In vitro NDF digestibility was significantly higher for ML, with differences increasing from 2.97% at 2 h to 16.44% at 240 h. In situ degradation of MP was nearly complete at 48 h, while ML reached maximum degradation at 24 h. These findings indicate the potential of MP and ML as valuable alternative feed sources for ruminants, particularly in TMRs containing 40–45% NDF.

This study investigated the effects of condensed tannin (Quebracho Colorado) supplementation on milk yield and composition, intake, blood and rumen parameters, and digestibility in early–lactating dairy cows. Twenty–four cows were assigned to three groups: control (CON, n = 8), T1 (60 g of...

The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of dried white mulberry pomace on yield performance in lambs. study used 42 weaned Merino lambs, bothmale and female, at 3 months of age. The experiment was conducted in 3 groups:control, MP150 (150 grams of mulberry pomace), and MP300 (300 grams ofmulberry pomace), each containing 7 male and 7 female lambs. The lambs weresubjected to a 14-day phase of adaption and 90-day fattening period feeding, andperformance parameters were examined in 15-day intervals. Blood samples werecollected from the lambs during the experiments beginning, middle, and end ofanalyze metabolic profile parameters. The average increase in live weight in thestudy was determined as 60,9% in the MP150 group, 58,7% in the MP300 group, and46.7% in the control group. The daily average live weight gains were found to be 0,20kg/day in the MP150 group, 0,18 kg/day in the MP300 group, and 0,16 kg/day inthe control group, although there was no statistically significant difference betweenthe groups (p>0,05). There was no noticeable difference detected between groupsin dry matter consumption (p>0,05). Changes were observed in metabolic profileparameters, but there were no discernible variations in terms of group and group ×time interactions (p>0,05). Consequently, it may be claimed that mulberry pomacehas positive effects on daily and average live weight gains, feed consumption, andfeed efficiency ratios of lambs. In line with the effects of mulberry pomace, it showsthat it has alternative feed source potential. This study, in which mulberry pomace isexamined in many aspects, is thought to guide future research.

The study evaluated the effect of Entodinium caudatum on the prevention of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in vitro. Different proportions of wheat and corn [100% wheat (W); 75% wheat and 25% corn (W75); 50% wheat and 50% corn (WC); 75% corn and 25% wheat (C75); and 100% corn (C)] were used to...