Background: The lifestyle of the mother during pregnancy can affectthe health of their baby. Since lifestyle change is a sociocultural act and the motivations associated with lifestyle patterns during pregnancy cannot be explained in quantitative studies, a comprehensive study of the lifestyle during pregnancy and factors influencing its patterns was needed to investigate it from different aspects. Thus, the present study aimed to explore ‘mothers’ perceptions and experiences about lifestyle patterns during and after pregnancy and the reasons for adopting these lifestyles. Methods: The present study, conducted on 20 pregnant or postpartum women living in Bushehr, Iran, has used a conventional content analysis approach. The purposeful sampling method was used with maximum diversity and continued until data saturation. data were collected through face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and assuringthe confidentiality of their information. MAXQDA 10 software was used to analyze the data. Results: Four main themes were defined after data analysis; "Being a mother as motivation for adopting a new healthy lifestyle"; "Access to information from media and supports from physicians as facilitators of adopting healthy lifestyle"; "Aspects of lifestyle modifications" and "Durability of healthy lifestyles". When women become pregnant, they feel a responsibility tohave a healthy pregnancy. They care about their fetuses more than themselves, which motivated them to look for the best lifestyle. In this way, access information from mass media and recommendations from professionals (physicians, midwives, and other health care providers) were helpful factors to have a healthy lifestyle, leading to modifying physical, mental, and religious aspects of lifestyle. However, despite reminding the advantages of a healthy lifestyle, these changesshift to a pre-pregnancy lifestyle due to the cessation of support and care provided during pregnancy. Conclusion: The study results showed that pregnant women should be motivated to modify their lifestyle andadopt healthy lifestyles. Pregnant women seek to modify their lifestyle because of motherhood responsibility and and having a healthy baby. Access to information and supports from various sources promote a mother’s inner decision to change, leading to modifying different aspects of life. However, these modifications often shift to the pre-pregnancy lifestyle due to cessation of supports and care, despite reminding the benefits of the lifestyle change. Health care providers should consider supportive measures during pregnancy and postpartum.

Background: In high- and low-income countries, declining birth rates have become a global concern. Couples do not have enough information about the complications of delaying and reducing childbearing and this leads them to make inappropriate decisions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate whether an educational program based on integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) affects child-free couples’ intention to have children and minimizes the consequences of this decline.Methods: Thirty couples (intervention, n = 15; control, n = 15) will be enrolled in this cluster randomized controlled trial. After collecting baseline data and separating participants in the pre-contemplation and contemplation stages based on the TTM, the samples were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group will receive 60-min training based on TPB components for 4 weeks. The first follow-up assessment was performed immediately after the intervention and the final assessment 6 months later. For all 3 time assessments, three questionnaires will be used: The knowledge questionnaire, the TTM, and the TPB questionnaire. The most important consequences are changes in knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and stages of intentions to have children.Discussion: Decision-makers will use the results of this study as a basis to design appropriate, transparent, and useful policies and interventions to improve or stop the decline of the fertility rate at the national level. Also, this study will help young couples who wish to have a child in their lifetime by providing relevant information so that they do not miss this opportunity and face the consequences of delaying having a child.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), Number: IRCT20220618055210N2, Date of registration: 2023-10-03

Objectives This study aimed to explore the effect of antidepressant treatment on the HPA axis, changes in depression score, and serum levels of TNF-α in depressed infertile women. Methods In this randomized controlled trial research, 60 infertile women who had undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment with depression scores between 16-47 were divided into two groups. The intervention group with fluoxetine capsule was under treatment for two months before the embryo transfer, while the control group was given placebo. Depression score, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as well as cortisol hormone levels were measured and recorded both before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Results We analyzed the data related to 55 subjects who had undergone embryo transfer. 7 subjects in the intervention group and 3 in the control group got pregnant. We observed a significant decrease in the depression score (p < 0/001) and serum levels of cortisol (p = 0/001) in the intervention group. There was a significant increase in the serum levels of TNF-α in the intervention group (p < 0/001). There was a significant difference between the two groups in the number of pregnancies (p = 0.04). However, there was no statistical difference between them with regard to the number of harvested oocytes (p = 0.174). Discussion Decrease in depression score and cortisol level, and an increase in the levels of TNF-α in the intervention group caused any changes in the number of oocytes in comparison with the control group. However, the number of pregnancies was larger in the intervention group.

Background: A lot of research has been done to improve the treatment of infertility and increase the quality and effectiveness of performance. Objective: In this randomized clinical trial study (IRCT2014031116911N2), we compared the effect of Fluoxetine and midwifery consultation on infertile women suffering from depression and the focus of the study was on the results of In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatment. Methods: 90 infertile women who suffered from mild to moderate depression according to the Beck Inventory and had undergone IVF treatment were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. The control group, the second group, were treated with Fluoxetine 20 mg, and the third group received 6 sessions of midwifery consultation and then the outcomes were reviewed. The amount of cortisol in the women’s sera was measured in three stages and the level of depression and anxiety was measured in two stages. Results: The pregnancy rate in the midwifery consultation group (n=13) was about two times as high as that in the fluoxetine group (n=7) and three times as high as that in the control group (n=4); there was a statistically significant difference among the groups (P=0.016); as to the abortions occurring in each group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Providing the people undergoing IVF treatment with emotional and mental support will increase their chances of pregnancy and this kind of support will be helpful for the patients if it is given in the form of midwifery consultation.

Social well-being (SWB) is a critical aspect of health that is often overlooked in adolescents, yet it plays a vital role in their development. This study aims to examine SWB and identify the relevant factors in adolescent girls in Iran. This cross-sectional study utilized a four-stage cluster sampling method that involved 1,247 school-aged adolescent girls from different socioeconomic regions of Iran's capital, Tehran. Data were collected from 20 schools-10 middle schools and 10 high schools-using a demographic questionnaire and Keyes' SWB questionnaire. The school Socioeconomic Status (SSES) served as an indicator of socioeconomic status, encompassing the following categories: SSES1 (developed), SSES2 (relatively developed), SSES3 (moderately developed), SSES4 (less developed), and SSES5 (underdeveloped), which are based on provincial development clusters. The analysis was conducted using the t-test, ANOVA, linear regression, and multiple linear regression models in STATA version 16 and SPSS 24. Of the participants, 18.3% have a low mean score for SWB, 72.7% have a mean score, and only 8.9% have a high score. The backward multiple regression showed a relationship between the Grade Point Average (GPA) (P < 0.001) (β = 2.98), studying humanities discipline (P < 0.001) (β = 7.60), mother's education to bachelor's (P = 0.02) (β = 4.54), employed mothers (P = 0.01) (β = -4.04), daily exercise (P < 0.001) (β = 8.91), and having diseases (P = 0.02) (β = 5.51) with SWB scores. The highest score difference was observed between SSES1 and SSES5(P = 0.002) (β = 6.57). Analysis reveals that the relevant predictive factors of SWB in this study include physical factors (exercise and diseases), educational factors (GPA and field of study), familial factors (mother's education and employment), and school Socioeconomic Status (SSES). Consequently, it is recommended that educational and healthcare centers consider these factors when compiling, prioritizing, and implementing health policies with the assistance of policymakers. This approach helps enhance mental and physical health in relation to this vital aspect. However, such a program requires further improvement through extended studies in other regions.