Reliable environmental audits and impact assessments are essential to achieve effective pasture utilization and ensure the production of high-quality livestock products. This study aims to develop an environmental audit and impact assessment method for pasture agrolandscapes to promote sustainable livestock practices, using Central Kazakhstan as a case study. To provide a strong foundation for this research, the study utilized representations of pasture agrolandscapes, landscape-ecological and landscape-indicative approaches, and interactions between environmental audits and impact assessments in Kazakhstan. The authors acknowledge that their understanding of the environmental audit and impact assessment for pasture agrolandscapes is a complex method that requires specific knowledge and information about the landscape environment from users. They note that solving the challenges of national food security and environmentally safe territorial development can be achieved through the development of a private method that uses landscape environment status indicators. Methods similar to this enable the study of geocomplexes and their crucial characteristics, leading to a unique system of reliable indicators for environmental issues. This approach facilitates the creation of a scientifically based plan for optimal regional land use and land management systems regarding pasture agrolandscapes.

The article is dedicated to exploring the unique aspects and primary trends in the digital transformation of hotel and restaurant services. It has been demonstrated that the increasing competition, the drive for operational efficiency, and the enhancement of customer service quality are key drivers for the adoption of digital technologies in the hotel and restaurant industry. Understanding and meeting evolving consumer expectations, such as the preference for online ordering, swift transaction processing, and personalized service, is also crucial in this digital shift. It has been established that under the influence of digitalization processes in all spheres of life, modern restaurants are actively implementing digital technologies, which allow the automation and optimization of most operational processes. Despite the growth of digital activity, domestic restaurants have yet to achieve the same pace of digitalization as other industries or similar enterprises in specific global contexts. This is evidenced by the insufficiently high share of electronic sales (about 12%) and the low implementation of BIG DATA technologies (8.9%) in the management and analytics of hotel and restaurant businesses. Research has revealed that several digitalization tools are being rapidly integrated into restaurant services, including digital marketing, the development of digital food delivery platforms (FoodTech), automated management systems, and interactive technologies. The digital transformation of business processes in food service establishments not only enables swift adaptation to market changes but also significantly enhances the competitiveness of the restaurant business. It is argued that the effectiveness of hotel and restaurant service digitalization processes depends on the choice of the most optimal balance between software tools and digital instruments and the authentic characteristics of each restaurant, the target customer base, their tastes and preferences, and the image strategy of positioning in the food service market. Keywords: digitalization, digital tools, hotel and restaurant business, automated management systems, digital transformation of hotel and restaurant services, digital marketing.

In the present study we attempted to ascertain the ethnic and religious structure of the population which in 1851 lived on the territory that is now known as Transcarpathia, based on data from the book by Elek Fényes (The Geographic Dictionary of Hungary… / Magyarország geographiai szótára…) published in the same year. According to the results of our research, we can state that the dominant ethnic community of the region at that time were the Rusyns (in Elek Fényes’s wording Russians), who lived predominantly in the mountainous territories. An important role in the ethnic structure was also played by Hungarians, Germans, Slovaks and Vlachs (Romanians). As to the religious composition, the most important denomination was that of Greek Catholics/Eastern Orthodox Christians, who formed an absolute majority in the region, their settlement area showing a close relationship with the location of the Rusyns.

Ukrajna népességének vallási szerkezete mindig is számos kérdést vetett fel, nem kivétel ez alól Kárpátalja sem. A szovjet időszak kezdetétől hiányoznak pontos és használható adatok a felekezeti összetétellel kapcsolatban és a független Ukrajnában eddig első és egyetlen népszámlálás során sem volt lekérdezve a népesség vallásossága és vallási hovatartozása. Az adott homály eloszlására számos kutató készített különböző megítélésben részesült becslést. Jelen tanulmányban arra tettünk kísérletet, hogy meghatározzuk a görögkatolikusok lélekszámát és részarányát a vidék népességén belül. A kutatás alapjául a Munkácsi Görögkatolikus Egyházmegye 2022-es sematizmusában közreadott adatok szolgáltak, amelyeket egy részletesen vázolt becslési módszer segítségével konvertáltuk használható formába. Továbbá bemutatásra került a Munkácsi Görögkatolikus Egyházmegye rövid történelme és a sematizmusokkal kapcsolatos legfontosabb információk. Vizsgálataink eredményeire támaszkodva kijelenthetjük, hogy 2021-ben a megyében majdnem 240 ezer görögkatolikus élt. A területi elhelyezkedésüket tekintve, zömében a határmenti részeken és a megye három legnépesebb városa környékén összpontosulnak. Az össznépességen belüli arányát tekintve már egy kicsit más kép tárul elénk, ugyanis egyes hegyvidéki területek lakosságszámán belül jelentős a görögkatolikusok aránya, igaz az össznépesség száma is alacsonyabb.

The article emphasizes the urgency of forming a balanced approach to the development of tourism in regions, considering the war and the needs for post-war recovery of Ukraine's tourism sector. It explores scientific approaches to balanced regional tourism development, defining its essence and main imperatives, including economic, social, and environmental factors that must be integrated into tourism planning and management at all levels. The definition of balanced tourism development in regions is proposed as a strategic approach aimed at the effective use of resources to support economic growth and job creation, taking into account social needs, improving the quality of life of local communities, and protecting the environment to preserve natural and cultural resources. The study examines the current state of the tourism industry, its dynamics, and regional development features under the conditions of a full-scale invasion, which have confirmed significant negative changes (such as a reduction in tourist flows, a decrease in the number of tourism and hotel-restaurant enterprises, the destruction of tourist and transport infrastructure, job losses, and a decline in tourism activity profitability). It is substantiated that, at the current stage, an important factor for balanced tourism development is ensuring the region's security, primarily military and environmental.It is noted that to ensure the sustainable development of tourism in the regions of Ukraine, it is important to consider three main directions: first, security, which is crucial for forming a positive tourist image, including economic, environmental, and criminogenic aspects. Second, the personalized differentiation of the tourism product, which involves creating regional geoinformation systems with a wide range of criteria for selecting tourist sites and services, as well as the presence of a unified tourist call center. Third, it is important to maintain social, environmental, and economic balance, which is the foundation for designing and optimizing tourist facilities.

Slow tourism is growing quickly in Hungary. It offers the opportunity to immerse oneself in a new way of life and experience an old-new way of life. It represents a sustainable form of tourism focusing on slowing down the pace of life and exploring local culture, nature, gastronomy and communities. The experiential approach to tourism aims to recharge the body, mind and spirit while minimizing the ecological footprint. The study explores slow tourism at Lake Tisza, focusing on the Sarud Experience Village. It examines how the village uses local resources and resident involvement to create a distinctive slow tourism experience. The primary objective is to analyze the impact of the Sarud Experience Village on visitor satisfaction and the quality of life of the local community. The research aims to show how slow tourism principles enhance visitor experiences while meeting their needs. It combines quantitative and qualitative methods. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey among regular visitors to the Sarud Experience Village. Secondary data included a literature review on slow tourism and rural development, along with field visits and observations. The Sarud Experience Village successfully applies slow tourism principles by focusing on traditional lifestyles and a close connection to nature. Survey results indicate high visitor satisfaction with services, the environment, and staff professionalism, though feedback on pricing was mixed. The success of the Sarud Experience Village model suggests potential applications in other rural areas aiming to boost tourism while preserving local culture and environment. The project demonstrates that slow tourism can be a sustainable and impactful approach to rural development, offering economic benefits and improving residents' quality of life. The Sarud Experience Village exemplifies successful slow tourism by balancing visitor satisfaction with community development. The research highlights the importance of integrating local resources and resident involvement in creating authentic and sustainable tourism experiences.