In order to obtain bioenergy (biogas, biofuel) or pellets, different types of lignocellulosic biomass are subjected to a mechanical pretreatment, first by size reduction, then by separating, and ultimately by fracturing or bio-refining. Biomass processing mainly refers to a grinding process that occurs until reaching certain limits. The size reduction process, such as grinding, is an operation that is executed with different levels of energy consumption, considering biomass mechanical characteristics and the necessary grinding level. This paper, illustrates a comparative analysis of experimental results obtained by grinding multiple types of vegetal biomass (Miscanthus, corn stalks, alfalfa, willow) used in the process of bio-refining and bio-fracturing. Experiments were realized using both a laboratory knife mill Grindomix GM200 (Retsch GmbH, Haan, Germany), and a 22 kW articulated hammer mill, using different grinding system speeds and different hammer mill sieves. Results have shown that biomass mechanical pre-processing grinding leads to supplementary costs in the overall process through bio-refining or bio-fracturing in order to obtain bio-products or bio-energy. So, specific energy consumption for grinding using a hammer mill can reach 50–65 kJ/kg for harvested Miscanthus biomass, and 35–50 kJ/kg for dried energetic willow, using a 10 mm orifice sieve, values which increase processing costs.

The main objective of this article is to identify ways to combat misinformation, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania. During the period analyzed, there was a plethora of articles, a large volume of information from dubious sources, and communications from institutions that changed from one day to the next. This new context for contemporary society favored the appearance of fake news. Thus, in this paper, we analyzed data from the point of view of bibliometric analysis. Combating misinformation is part of the modern challenges of society as the level of digitization has increased and online and social media platforms are often the only source of information for the 21st century citizen. The results revealed that the subject was highly analyzed and expressed a direct link between the pandemic and economic development. Scientists started paying attention to the correlation between the two to see how the countries were affected thus, the subject is quite new In conclusion, if a century ago disinformation was presented in a certain form, today it is in a continuous metamorphosis according to technological evolution.