As a new product of rapid urbanization, the sprawl of urban construction land can objectively reflect urban land use efficiency, which is of great significance to China's new urban construction. This study aimed to summarize the expansion patterns and utilization efficiency of urban construction land in China from the perspectives of the status, speed and trends of expansion, and to uncover the key factors that lead to the differential distribution of the expansion of construction land. It can also provide land management experience for other countries with rapid expansion of construction land. The results show the following. (1) The expansion of China's construction land presents a "point–line–plane" pattern of evolution, forming changing stages of point-like aggregation, linear series and planar spread. (2) China's construction land shows the characteristics of disorderly spread, a low utilization rate and low output efficiency. The speed of expansion presents clear characteristics of being high in the east and low in the west, mostly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration. Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and Guangzhou have the highest intensity of construction land use. In Shandong Peninsula and eastern coastal areas, the intensity of the construction land use is generally high. In Xinjiang and Xizang, the intensity of construction land use is relatively low. (3) The urban economic level, population size, industrial structure, foreign investment and land policies have significant effects on the spatial distribution of the expansion of construction land.

The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of tourist attractions in China are analyzed by GIS and SPSS. The spatial distribution characteristics and main influencing factors of urban landscape tourism resources in China are deeply explored in order to provide a reference for the construction of a national park system and for the optimal allocation of tourism resources in the future. The results show the following: (1) the spatial pattern of tourism resources in China is strong in the southeast and weak in the northwest. It shows the spatial structure of a global concentrated contiguous distribution, A-level zonal distribution, and national point distribution. The distribution pattern of concentrated contiguous areas is consistent with the spatial distribution of major urban agglomerations in China. (2) There is a serious imbalance in the allocation of A-level tourist attractions in Central, Southwest, Northwest, and Northeast China. The allocation of A-level tourist attractions in East China is in an absolute dominant position, whereas that in South China and North China is at a medium level. National tourism resources show obvious characteristics of being strong in the east and weak in the west. We mainly take the provincial capital city as the core point of agglomeration, showing the obvious “administrative district” distribution characteristics. (3) The level of urban management, the scale of urban construction, the development of the real estate industry, the employment population of tertiary industry, and the level of urban economic development are all factors that have a significant correlation with the spatial distribution of urban tourism resources.

Based on the carbon emission database of the China Urban Greenhouse Gas Working Group, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and main influencing factors of urban carbon dioxide emissions in China using ArcGIS spatial analysis and SPSS statistical analysis methods, in order to provide a reference for the formulation of the national “double-carbon” strategy and the construction of low-carbon urbanization. The results showed that (1) the urban carbon dioxide emissions in China exhibit a “point-line-area” spreading spatial grid. Carbon dioxide emissions form a planar emission pattern surrounded by the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration, Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, and Central Plains urban agglomeration. A high per capita and high-intensity emission belt from Xinjiang to Inner Mongolia has been formed. (2) The proportion of industrial emissions continues to decrease, and the range of high industrial emissions has gradually crossed the “Hu Huan-yong Line”, spreading from eastern China to the whole country. The emissions from transportation, the service industry, and households have become new growth points, and high-value emissions from households have also shown a nationwide spreading trend. (3) The main factors influencing the spatial distribution of carbon dioxide emissions are urbanization, the economy, industry, investment, and household energy consumption.

Aging involves the transformation of the population reproduction mode under the rapid development of the social economy. We studied population survey data based on the WorldPop population statistics website and used ArcGIS to construct a spatial database and implement spatial analysis methods. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of population aging and its main influencing factors in counties of China, in order to provide a reference for the formulation of a national population development policy and the construction of a pension system. The results are as follows: ① The situation of population aging in China is becoming more serious, showing a point-line-area spatial pattern and two core–periphery aging patterns of high core–low periphery and low core–high periphery. ② The speed of population aging in China is characterized by rapid growth, large scale, and a high degree. Large areas of growing old before getting rich have emerged in the central and western regions. ③ The aging of the population has gradually spread to the northeast, southwest, northwest, and other regions. Influenced by factors such as population migration, population structure change, transportation facility construction, and geographic environment changes, a trend of aging that has spread across the Hu Huan-Yong line has appeared.

It is important to study the temporal and spatial change characteristics and the decreasing trend in cultivated land in China in the past decades, analyze the core influencing factors of the cultivated land decrease, and understand the regularity and trend in the cultivated land change. This study has important guiding significance for ensuring food security in China and optimizing and adjusting the pattern of land spatial development and utilization. Based on the data of China’s urban cultivated land change from 1990 to 2022, this study analyzes the pattern of cultivated land protection and destruction in China from the perspective of the total cultivated land change, the increase and decrease evolution characteristics, and future trends and determines the main driving factors of cultivated land destruction in the process of urbanization. The results show the following: (1) The goal of the dynamic balance policy of cultivated land in China from 1990 to 2022 has been basically achieved, but regional differences still exist, which show a spatial pattern of planar contraction and belt growth. There is a new feature of a “southwest, northwest, and northeast” increase, while there is a “central” decrease. (2) Cultivated land has gradually shown a trend of growth rather than contraction, the cultivated land contraction shows a trend of crossing the “Hu–Huanyong Line” and moving westward, and the center of gravity of the cultivated land contraction has shifted to the periphery of the Chengdu–Chongqing area. The cultivated land growth shows a trend of moving southeast across the “Hu–Huanyong Line”, and developed provinces such as Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang have gradually become the new centers of cultivated land growth. This coincides with the strict implementation of basic cultivated land protection policies in developed areas of China in recent years. (3) Factors such as the urban population size, economic level, agricultural scale, industrial structure, and other types of land scale have different degrees of impact on the destruction and restoration of cultivated land.