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In recent decades, the world has witnessed a variety of emerging infectious diseases, some of which developed to pandemic world threatening outbreaks, the ongoing COVID-19 is known to be taking the lead in claiming lives around the globe and thus, urging people to trail its increasing figures. Therefore, this research aims to emphasize the role of urban planning in containing such outbreaks through running a series of analytical and statistical studies on European cities, worst inflicted region, to analyze the main urban features they share and that may be propagating the disease spread according to their population size, density, form, intracity connectivity and intercity connectivity. This study, as far as we know of, is the first practice to evaluate both the individual and combined impacts of these factors on recorded rates of infections. According to the context of this research, it is concluded that the diversity found in urban features are, to a large degree, related to cities being more vulnerable than others. Intracity connectivity through public transport is found to be the possible prime factor of this study, and is followed by population size, density, and intercity connectivity. Urban morphology seems to also contribute to such outbreak, with both radial and grid cities being associated to higher infections rates as to linear cities. Henceforth, setting priorities in post-pandemic urban planning schemes is essential for planning resilient cities that are capable to thrive and maintain functionality with lowest possible infections amid else possible diseases that are to follow in severity.
Salma Antar A. AbouKorin; Haoying Han; Mahran Gamal N. Mahran. Role of urban planning characteristics in forming pandemic resilient cities – Case study of Covid-19 impacts on European cities within England, Germany and Italy. Cities 2021, 118, 103324 .
AMA StyleSalma Antar A. AbouKorin, Haoying Han, Mahran Gamal N. Mahran. Role of urban planning characteristics in forming pandemic resilient cities – Case study of Covid-19 impacts on European cities within England, Germany and Italy. Cities. 2021; 118 ():103324.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalma Antar A. AbouKorin; Haoying Han; Mahran Gamal N. Mahran. 2021. "Role of urban planning characteristics in forming pandemic resilient cities – Case study of Covid-19 impacts on European cities within England, Germany and Italy." Cities 118, no. : 103324.
Most existing studies on urban planning implementation (UPI) evaluation examine the conformity between planned and observed spatial urban development. The results are, however, typically too general to provide adequate policy recommendations for planners and researchers. The stages between creating a plan and its outcome are seldom discussed in detail, primarily because of the absence of an applicable analytic framework and data. In the paper, we propose a framework for UPI evaluation from spatial dimension which provides an in-depth and accurate application to show how the conceptual framework can be applied for assessing conformance and performance (sequential conformance) of plans proposed by Hopkins (2012) could be applied in practice. We examined the degrees of conformance and sequential conformance between an urban master plan, detailed plans, development permits and observed development outcomes, using Beijing as an example. The results reveal discrepancies between all basic stages of plan implementation, and the poor planning implementation was primarily due to the existence of large areas of development without development permits. These results suggest that the poor match between a plan and its outcomes may result from poor plan using, not poor planning. Therefore, attention needs to be paid not only to creating plans but also to monitoring the performance of various levels of plans and development permits in the UPI.
Ying Long; Haoying Han; Shih-Kung Lai; Zimu Jia; Wenyue Li; Wanting Hsu. Evaluation of urban planning implementation from spatial dimension: An analytical framework for Chinese cities and case study of Beijing. Habitat International 2020, 101, 102197 .
AMA StyleYing Long, Haoying Han, Shih-Kung Lai, Zimu Jia, Wenyue Li, Wanting Hsu. Evaluation of urban planning implementation from spatial dimension: An analytical framework for Chinese cities and case study of Beijing. Habitat International. 2020; 101 ():102197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYing Long; Haoying Han; Shih-Kung Lai; Zimu Jia; Wenyue Li; Wanting Hsu. 2020. "Evaluation of urban planning implementation from spatial dimension: An analytical framework for Chinese cities and case study of Beijing." Habitat International 101, no. : 102197.
Commercial complexes are steadily expanding in size and function and plying roles as quasi-public spaces. This study investigated quasi-public spaces in contemporary commercial complexes by posting two questions: the physical features of quasi-public spaces in commercial complexes and how these characteristics promote sociability in commercial complexes? To answers these questions, a questionnaire survey was administered, and various observations were made in Intime City, Wanda Plaza and Western City Square, three prominent commercial complexes in Hangzhou City (Zhejiang Province, China), to enrich the analysis. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the collected data. The results show that commercial complexes are also used as quasi-public spaces: they provide a more secure and well-maintained environment, playful conversations take place freely and democratically, promote socialization, and also increase consumption. In the existing literature, there is a dearth of theoretical and empirical studies on the emergence of quasi-public spaces.
Noman Sahito; Haoying Han; Thuy Van Thi Nguyen; Insin Kim; Jinsoo Hwang; Arif Jameel. Examining the Quasi-Public Spaces in Commercial Complexes. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1830 .
AMA StyleNoman Sahito, Haoying Han, Thuy Van Thi Nguyen, Insin Kim, Jinsoo Hwang, Arif Jameel. Examining the Quasi-Public Spaces in Commercial Complexes. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1830.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoman Sahito; Haoying Han; Thuy Van Thi Nguyen; Insin Kim; Jinsoo Hwang; Arif Jameel. 2020. "Examining the Quasi-Public Spaces in Commercial Complexes." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1830.
In Asia, sidewalks in big cities always raise controversial issues in society. Increasingly, sidewalks are rethought on their features and functions as the scholars gradually focus on the interrelationships between physical characteristics of streets and behavioral practice of users. In Vietnam, the sidewalk is often occupied by the encroachment of personalized street fronts and street vendors, so that the authorities can only resort to dividing the sidewalk width with no vital regard for pedestrians. Although there are periodic sidewalk clearance campaigns carried out by local authorities, they lack the desired efficiency since the sidewalks are repeatedly in a state of disorder. By direct observation, this paper examines the mixed-use type of sidewalk in the context of Vietnam to justify appropriacy. A segment of Nguyen Tri Phuong Street, a large and bustling street in Ho Chi Minh City, is investigated as an empirical evidence. As a result, this research suggests the existing sidewalks are not appropriate and desirable. As sidewalks have their own self-negotiation, an inclusive space approach to enhance sociable sidewalks should be considered by city planners and authorities.
Haoying Han; Thuy Van T. Nguyen; Noman Sahito. Sidewalk Zoom-In: A Spatial–Temporal Negotiation and Self-Organization within a Sociable Space. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6241 .
AMA StyleHaoying Han, Thuy Van T. Nguyen, Noman Sahito. Sidewalk Zoom-In: A Spatial–Temporal Negotiation and Self-Organization within a Sociable Space. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6241.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaoying Han; Thuy Van T. Nguyen; Noman Sahito. 2019. "Sidewalk Zoom-In: A Spatial–Temporal Negotiation and Self-Organization within a Sociable Space." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6241.
The development of mobile social network has shown the power to change the ways people gather and communicate in urban public spaces (UPSs). In this study, we utilized a check-in database collected from Instagram in 2016 and 2017 in two central districts of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) to analyze the city dynamics and activities over the course of the day. By quantifying the popularity of contemporary UPSs, a comprehensive study was conducted on many attraction features spreading over the two central districts. Pearson’s correlation was used to explore the proximity and attractiveness associated with the surrounding environment of three types of UPSs. The results show that the lifetime of UPSs is very stable during weekdays and weekends. Within that, commercial UPSs are proved to play a dominant role in urban dynamics. This paper’s finding is at odds with the urban planning stereotype that public facilities often help people to get around. In the case of HCMC, it has proved the opposite: people are attracted to urban public spaces even though there are not many cultural and social specialties there. The results will contribute to enhancing the predictability of each UPS on socio-economic performance and to understanding of the role of urban facilities in urban sustainability.
Haoying Han; Thuy Van T. Nguyen; Noman Sahito. Role of Urban Public Space and the Surrounding Environment in Promoting Sustainable Development from the Lens of Social Media. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5967 .
AMA StyleHaoying Han, Thuy Van T. Nguyen, Noman Sahito. Role of Urban Public Space and the Surrounding Environment in Promoting Sustainable Development from the Lens of Social Media. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (21):5967.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaoying Han; Thuy Van T. Nguyen; Noman Sahito. 2019. "Role of Urban Public Space and the Surrounding Environment in Promoting Sustainable Development from the Lens of Social Media." Sustainability 11, no. 21: 5967.
This study examined various features of urban form, which promote sustainable development and provoke shoppers toward shopping malls. A field survey was conducted in shopping malls at Hangzhou, which is the capital city of the Zhejiang province, China. Structural equation modeling and a confirmatory factor analysis were used to measure the hypotheses. The results of this study showed that the built environment and entertainment completely mediated the relationship between ambiance and consumption, and they have a positive impact on the environment and shoppers. The built environment and entertainment are viewed as essential elements of physical and social sustainability. Real estate developers, urban planners, and shopping mall managers should consider the design features of urban form to meet sustainable development goals and to attract more shoppers. Testing these relationships via a mediating method is a novel contribution to the study of shopping malls.
Haoying Han; Noman Sahito; Thuy Van Thi Nguyen; Jinsoo Hwang; Muhammad Asif. Exploring the Features of Sustainable Urban Form and the Factors that Provoke Shoppers towards Shopping Malls. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4798 .
AMA StyleHaoying Han, Noman Sahito, Thuy Van Thi Nguyen, Jinsoo Hwang, Muhammad Asif. Exploring the Features of Sustainable Urban Form and the Factors that Provoke Shoppers towards Shopping Malls. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4798.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaoying Han; Noman Sahito; Thuy Van Thi Nguyen; Jinsoo Hwang; Muhammad Asif. 2019. "Exploring the Features of Sustainable Urban Form and the Factors that Provoke Shoppers towards Shopping Malls." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4798.
The large-scale urban village transformation in China has had a profound influence on the livelihood and interests of residents, which has also affected the residents' satisfaction and the stability of the society. This study extends the connotation of residential satisfaction to evaluate residents' satisfaction with market-oriented urban village transformation and to establish a conceptual framework in evaluating the aspects of result satisfaction and process satisfaction. The study examines residents' satisfaction with the market-oriented urban village transformation and the factors that influence this satisfaction using data from a field investigation in Yangji Village, Guangzhou City. Results show that overall, the residents in Yangji Village are satisfied with the transformation and that the residents' satisfaction is influenced considerably by both the results and the process of transformation, that is, community environment and quality, government and enterprise behaviours and housing conditions. The market-oriented model contributes to residents' satisfaction. The study suggests that by considering the process and results of the transformation as well as giving full play to the market-oriented model and paying attention to the model's risks can improve residents' satisfaction with urban village transformation.
Yongzhong Tan; Ju He; Haoying Han; Weiwen Zhang. Evaluating residents' satisfaction with market-oriented urban village transformation: A case study of Yangji Village in Guangzhou, China. Cities 2019, 95, 102394 .
AMA StyleYongzhong Tan, Ju He, Haoying Han, Weiwen Zhang. Evaluating residents' satisfaction with market-oriented urban village transformation: A case study of Yangji Village in Guangzhou, China. Cities. 2019; 95 ():102394.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongzhong Tan; Ju He; Haoying Han; Weiwen Zhang. 2019. "Evaluating residents' satisfaction with market-oriented urban village transformation: A case study of Yangji Village in Guangzhou, China." Cities 95, no. : 102394.
In recent years, customer pick-up at collection and delivery points has become a popular alternative to traditional home delivery, which is under great pressure. However, current service of pick-up facilities has seldom been geographically evaluated despite its general uneven distribution and diverse needs. In this paper, in order to interpret the differentiation in customers’ service demands toward reception alternatives and in facilities’ service excludability in different built environments, a two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method is improved to measure customers’ spatial accessibility to pick-up facilities, providing a methodology to evaluate the match relation between the differentiated supply and demand of pick-up service. A case study of widespread automated parcel stations (APSs) is conducted in Hangzhou, China and correlative factors to residents’ accessibility are discussed. From the results, residents’ accessibility to pick-up service shows significant spatial unevenness and social inequity in the study area, which is found to correlate most to residences’ maintenance management. As well-managed, gated communities generally hold effective access to exclusive services, most open communities and self-built, single houses are in need of improvement due to inadequate service stemming from a high aging rate, lack of property management, and low service availability of nonexclusive facilities in open areas.
Liyun Lin; Haoying Han; Wanglin Yan; Shun Nakayama; Xianfan Shu. Measuring Spatial Accessibility to Pick-Up Service Considering Differentiated Supply and Demand: A Case in Hangzhou, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3448 .
AMA StyleLiyun Lin, Haoying Han, Wanglin Yan, Shun Nakayama, Xianfan Shu. Measuring Spatial Accessibility to Pick-Up Service Considering Differentiated Supply and Demand: A Case in Hangzhou, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (12):3448.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiyun Lin; Haoying Han; Wanglin Yan; Shun Nakayama; Xianfan Shu. 2019. "Measuring Spatial Accessibility to Pick-Up Service Considering Differentiated Supply and Demand: A Case in Hangzhou, China." Sustainability 11, no. 12: 3448.
Despite the prevalence of polycentricity as a normative strategy in planning documents, a lengthy and inconclusive debate regarding its definition in academic research persists. The aim of this article is to eliminate the conceptual confusion surrounding functional polycentricity from a geographical perspective. By classifying different approaches to polycentricity, we outline the properties that characterize all forms of functional polycentricity. Accordingly, we redefine functional polycentricity and propose a corresponding framework with which to measure it. The commuting and leisure functional polycentricity of Atlanta is used as an example to illustrate the application of this framework.
Xianfan Shu; Haoying Han; Chen Huang; Liyun Li. Defining Functional Polycentricity From a Geographical Perspective. Geographical Analysis 2019, 52, 169 -189.
AMA StyleXianfan Shu, Haoying Han, Chen Huang, Liyun Li. Defining Functional Polycentricity From a Geographical Perspective. Geographical Analysis. 2019; 52 (2):169-189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXianfan Shu; Haoying Han; Chen Huang; Liyun Li. 2019. "Defining Functional Polycentricity From a Geographical Perspective." Geographical Analysis 52, no. 2: 169-189.
A green infrastructure assessment (GIA)-constrained cellular automata (CCA) model was developed to integrate habitat preservation with spatial-temporal simulation and the corresponding establishment of an urban growth boundary (UGB). A case study of the Hangzhou Metropolitan Area successfully demonstrated the application of the GIA-CCA model. Multitemporal land use maps interpreted from remotely sensed images taken in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 were utilized for validation and UGB prediction for 2020. The GI scenario incorporating the ecological network and a baseline scenario (BS) involving a current growth trend of no environmental constraint were designed to further investigate the unique advantages of the GIA-CCA model over the CCA model. Comparative analysis with groups of landscape metrics indicated that the GI scenario improved the connectivity among ecological elements, reducing urban fragmentation and promoting growth compactness, yet many irregular forms of edge sprawl and main city expansion were observed under the BS. Based on the GI scenario, the final UGBs were established, covering the central city, six new cities and nine towns. In contrast to the proposed UGBs, the planned UGBs generated by economic policies might play a negative role in preserving natural resources and responding to development uncertainties and could be improved by considering the forecasted results based on the GIA-CCA model as a helpful decision-making tool. The model could become an increasingly important part of growth management, particularly for developing countries and regions that are exposed to environmental deterioration due to rapid urbanization.
Yonghua Li; Qiwei Ma; Yan Song; Haoying Han. Bringing conservation priorities into urban growth simulation: An integrated model and applied case study of Hangzhou, China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2018, 140, 324 -337.
AMA StyleYonghua Li, Qiwei Ma, Yan Song, Haoying Han. Bringing conservation priorities into urban growth simulation: An integrated model and applied case study of Hangzhou, China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2018; 140 ():324-337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYonghua Li; Qiwei Ma; Yan Song; Haoying Han. 2018. "Bringing conservation priorities into urban growth simulation: An integrated model and applied case study of Hangzhou, China." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 140, no. : 324-337.
Greenbelt policies are important urban containment policies. On the one hand, they can effectively control the disorderly growth of a city; on the other hand, they can cause other social problems because of their strict control over land development. This paper uses data from 2000 and 2010 and the difference-in-differences (DID) method to evaluate the effects of greenbelt deregulation policies on urban land development in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) through a quasi-natural experiment. The results show that first, the deregulation of the greenbelt has significantly furthered urban land development that was not caused by economic development or other factors. Second, the greenbelt deregulation had no significant effects on urban land development in the city centers, but has furthered urban land development near the boundary of Seoul City and greenbelt boundaries. Third, in terms of the effects on land development, the greenbelt deregulation has resulted in regional heterogeneity. Specifically, the greenbelt deregulation has had a significant impact on the urban land development in the southern section of the Han River, whereas the effects of the greenbelt deregulation in the northern area of the Han River are not as obvious.
Haoying Han; Chen Huang; Kun-Hyuck Ahn; Xianfan Shu; Liyun Lin; Derong Qiu. The Effects of Greenbelt Policies on Land Development: Evidence from the Deregulation of the Greenbelt in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1259 .
AMA StyleHaoying Han, Chen Huang, Kun-Hyuck Ahn, Xianfan Shu, Liyun Lin, Derong Qiu. The Effects of Greenbelt Policies on Land Development: Evidence from the Deregulation of the Greenbelt in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (7):1259.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaoying Han; Chen Huang; Kun-Hyuck Ahn; Xianfan Shu; Liyun Lin; Derong Qiu. 2017. "The Effects of Greenbelt Policies on Land Development: Evidence from the Deregulation of the Greenbelt in the Seoul Metropolitan Area." Sustainability 9, no. 7: 1259.
Ying Long; Haoying Han; Shih-Kung Lai; Qizhi Mao. Urban growth boundaries of the Beijing Metropolitan Area: Comparison of simulation and artwork. Cities 2013, 31, 337 -348.
AMA StyleYing Long, Haoying Han, Shih-Kung Lai, Qizhi Mao. Urban growth boundaries of the Beijing Metropolitan Area: Comparison of simulation and artwork. Cities. 2013; 31 ():337-348.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYing Long; Haoying Han; Shih-Kung Lai; Qizhi Mao. 2013. "Urban growth boundaries of the Beijing Metropolitan Area: Comparison of simulation and artwork." Cities 31, no. : 337-348.
The new emergent paradigm of urban development theory that is based on complexity sciences allows us to understand and analyse cities in a new way. Theoretically, complexity sciences enable us to depict the fundamental characteristics of urban development, including nonlinearity, self-organization, and emergence. Empirically, the agent-based modelling (ABM) approach can help us to conduct simulations of complex systems, including cities, in an effective way. In the present paper, we demonstrate a computer simulation of urban growth based on the spatial garbage can model represented in an ABM framework. In the simulation, we treated the city as an open system in that the fundamental elements of the system flow in and out of the system over time. We then computed over time the levels of entropy as a measurement of the degree of structural order of the systems, namely, decision and spatial structures. The results showed that these entropies decreased over time, indicating that the city self-organizes itself reminiscent of a dissipative structure.
Shih-Kung Lai; Haoying Han; Po-Chien Ko. Are cities dissipative structures? International Journal of Urban Sciences 2013, 17, 46 -55.
AMA StyleShih-Kung Lai, Haoying Han, Po-Chien Ko. Are cities dissipative structures? International Journal of Urban Sciences. 2013; 17 (1):46-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShih-Kung Lai; Haoying Han; Po-Chien Ko. 2013. "Are cities dissipative structures?" International Journal of Urban Sciences 17, no. 1: 46-55.
Haoying Han; Shih-Kung Lai. Reformulation and assessment of the inventory approach to urban growth boundaries. Land Use Policy 2012, 29, 351 -356.
AMA StyleHaoying Han, Shih-Kung Lai. Reformulation and assessment of the inventory approach to urban growth boundaries. Land Use Policy. 2012; 29 (2):351-356.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaoying Han; Shih-Kung Lai. 2012. "Reformulation and assessment of the inventory approach to urban growth boundaries." Land Use Policy 29, no. 2: 351-356.
Rapid urban land growth has been a major characteristic of urbanization in China since reform and open-door policies began in the late 1970s. Due to its unique political system, historical experience, and geographic conditions, urban land growth in China is still characterized by short periods of land acquisition, large-scale land development, and large-scale industrial use. Although urban land use is basically a local issue for cities, many important policies are also framed by the Chinese central government to ensure that national interests are protected. Following a review of urban land growth in China, this study found that the role of the central government in urban land growth has been changing in recent years. The once exclusive objective of ensuring urban economic development has been replaced by multi-objective considerations of economic, social, and environmental issues, addressing both urban and rural interests in the process of urban land growth. This transition has also greatly influenced the policies of city governments, which has in turn influenced local land use patterns. However, attaining these multiple objectives is becoming increasingly difficult. This paper examines the underlying causes of this shift and discusses various approaches to adjusting the future role of the central government.
Haoying Han; Shih-Kung Lai. National Land Use Management in China: An Analytical Framework. Journal of Urban Management 2012, 1, 3 -38.
AMA StyleHaoying Han, Shih-Kung Lai. National Land Use Management in China: An Analytical Framework. Journal of Urban Management. 2012; 1 (1):3-38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaoying Han; Shih-Kung Lai. 2012. "National Land Use Management in China: An Analytical Framework." Journal of Urban Management 1, no. 1: 3-38.
Planners are confident that their planning affects not only behaviors in organizations, but also outcomes. There is, however, little backing for this confidence. Surprisingly little is known about planning processes and how they affect organizations. One approach to gaining understanding of planning behaviors in organizations is to develop and analyze simulation models. The framework presented here builds on two streams of previous work: the garbage can models of organizational behavior presented by Cohen et al. (1972) and the spatial evolution models of Nowak and May (1993). Our objective is to develop a framework sufficient to investigate the implications of introducing planning behaviors into complex organizational systems evolving in space and time. Our primary focus for this chapter is on devising simulations from which we might discover general principles about the effects of planning the behavior of organizations. Additional work will be necessary to determine the external validity of these simulations, that is, to interpret concrete situations in terms of such principles.
Shih-Kung Lai; Haoying Han. Planning in Complex Spatial and Temporal Systems: A Simulation Framework. Advances in Geographic Information Science 2011, 73 -90.
AMA StyleShih-Kung Lai, Haoying Han. Planning in Complex Spatial and Temporal Systems: A Simulation Framework. Advances in Geographic Information Science. 2011; ():73-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShih-Kung Lai; Haoying Han. 2011. "Planning in Complex Spatial and Temporal Systems: A Simulation Framework." Advances in Geographic Information Science , no. : 73-90.
Haoying Han; Shih-Kung Lai. Decision Network: a planning tool for making multiple, linked decisions. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 2011, 38, 115 -128.
AMA StyleHaoying Han, Shih-Kung Lai. Decision Network: a planning tool for making multiple, linked decisions. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. 2011; 38 (1):115-128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaoying Han; Shih-Kung Lai. 2011. "Decision Network: a planning tool for making multiple, linked decisions." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 38, no. 1: 115-128.