Small, municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that use aerobic digestion treat approximately 40% of the discharged wastewater in the USA, and yet they are an overlooked source of recoverable P. There are no known reports of small, aerobic WWTPs recovering P through struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) precipitation for repurposing as a mineral fertilizer, even though some large WWTPs with anaerobic digestion are. Four small WWTPs in north Florida, USA, with treatment capacities from 371 to 2650 m³ wastewater d⁻¹ and incoming P loads from 2 to 14 kg d⁻¹ were investigated for their potential to produce struvite from digester filtrates. A chemical equilibrium model was used to predict the feasibility of struvite production and the results compared with actual WWTP filtrate measurements. Filtrates from aerobic digesters were able to form struvite if solution pH was increased by ≤1 pH unit. Depending on the WWTP, P recovery in filtrates through struvite precipitation ranged from 27–57% by mass at pH 8.5, via NaOH additions or air sparging. Increasing filtrate Mg concentrations improved P recovery up to 97%. Based upon these results, small WWTPs using aerobic digestion will be able to lower their P waste output through recovery as struvite fertilizer.

The onboarding needs of Extension agents is a topic continuously discussed and researched, yet overwhelmed agents persist, suggesting that there is still a missing link. We undertook a study to determine the competency training needs of newly hired agricultural agents in Florida. Two assessments were performed. First, we asked University of Florida’s County Extension agents and Directors in Agriculture, Horticulture and Natural Resources to identify main agriculture skills and competencies for new Extension. Second, we then classified those competencies into main domains and asked the same cohort to rank the competencies within each domain, in order of most important to least important. Data were collected via an online surveys, with 65% and 51% response rates, respectively. Agents needed training in specific agricultural competencies related to every-day work activities such as soil sampling, diagnostic skills, educational resource utilization, and relationship building. Although we assume that, based on job requirements, newly hired agents will enter Extension with such knowledge, results suggest an agriculture specific training is needed to meet the onboarding needs of new agents. Our study identified the priority needs for developing an onboarding program that establishes a level of standard knowledge. Those findings will serve to enhance onboarding training for new Extension professionals.

O uso de biocarvão de lodo de esgoto (biossólido) no substrato para crescimento de mudas de espécies florestais pode ser uma estratégia ambientalmente interessante para a melhoria da qualidade das mudas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses (0, 20, 40, 80 e 100 t ha^-1) de biocarvão de lodo de esgoto no crescimento e características morfológicas de mudas de eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis). Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Mudas de eucalipto com 10 semanas foram transferidas para potes e cultivadas por oito semanas. O teor de clorofila, a altura da planta e o diâmetro do coleto foram avaliados aos 0 (tempo 1), 30 (tempo 2) e 60 (tempo 3) dias após o transplante. A biomassa da parte aérea e das raízes foi avaliada após a colheita. O biocarvão melhorou a qualidade das mudas e não influenciou o teor de clorofila. A altura das plantas aumentou enquanto o diâmetro do coleto diminuiu com o aumento das doses de biocarvão, aos 60 dias do transplante. O uso de biocarvão de lodo de esgoto melhorou o crescimento e as características morfológicas das mudas de eucalipto, sendo assim, sua aplicação pode ser recomendada como insumo e condicionador de solo. De acordo com o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson, as melhores mudas foram obtidas com o uso de 20 e 40 t ha^-1 de biocarvão.