To compare the psychological resilience and anxiety levels of patients diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and healthy pregnant women. A sociodemographic data form and the Resilience scale for Adults (RSA) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were administered. The sociodemographic data form was completed by the physician, and the RSA and STAI were completed by the participant. The sample of the study consisted of 60 pregnant women with HG and hospitalized and 97 healthy voluntary pregnant women with similar characteristics to the research group without any pregnancy complications. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistical analyses, the independent samples t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson's correlation analysis. The age range was 18-42 years for HG group and 20-43 years for control group. The average age of the HG group was 28.17±5.96 years and that of the control group was 29.45±5.83 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of pregnancy week. Regarding the prevalence of state and trait anxiety between the groups, it was found that 66.7% of the HG group had a high level of trait anxiety and 51.7% had a high level of state anxiety. It was found that 61.9% of the control group had a high level of trait anxiety and 38.1% had a high level of state anxiety. There was no difference between the healthy pregnant group and the HG group in terms of anxiety (p=0.125). It was found that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of only sub-dimensions of RSA, which were perception of self (U=2385.00, p=0.044) and perception of future (U=2350.50, p=0.030). The perception of self and perception of future scores of the healthy control group were higher. There was no difference between the healthy pregnant group and the HG group in terms of anxiety. It was observed that the HG group had a lower perception of self and future. Apart from the usual increase in anxiety levels during pregnancy, HG accompanied by stubborn nausea and vomiting does not create an extra psychological burden, either as a cause or a result.

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between first trimester subchorionic hematomas and pregnancy outcomes in women with singleton pregnancies. Material and methods Between January 2018 and January 2019, patients who had a single pregnancy between the 6th and 14th weeks of their pregnancy and were hospitalized with the diagnosis of abortus imminens in the early pregnancy service were included in the study. According to the ultrasonographic examination, those with subchorionic hematoma and those with no hematoma were compared in terms of demographic data, pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy complications. Results 400 abortus immines cases with subchorionic hematoma and 400 abortus imminens cases without subchorionic hematoma were compared. Preterm delivery percentages were similar in both groups, however abortus percentage was significantly higher in the hematoma group (34.2 vs. 24.7%; p=0.007). In addition, it was revealed that the presence of subchorionic hematoma before the 20th gestational week increased the risk of miscarriage 1.58 times. However, no data could be found in the study that could correlate the size of the hematoma with pregnancy loss. Conclusion The presence of subchorionic hematoma increases abortion rates in abortus imminens cases. And the presence of subchorionic hematoma in cases with ongoing pregnancy does not increase the complications of delivery.

Introduction In polycystic ovary syndrome, serum vitamin D levels are known to correlate with metabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. However, there are not enough studies showing such a relationship with female fertility. We aimed to compare serum vitamin D levels in fertile and infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome to evaluate whether vitamin D may play a role in the pathogenesis of fertility problems in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and Methods 274 infertile and 111 fertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome were included in this retrospective study. Infertile and fertile groups were matched by age, body mass index and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory characteristics of the women were recorded. Serum 25(OH)D₃ levels were used to assess serum vitamin D levels. Results No significant differences were detected between groups in terms of anthropometric, clinical and laboratory features except for serum 25(OH)D₃ levels and the incidence of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower and vitamin D deficiency was more common in the infertile group compared to the fertile group. When the groups were stratified into obese/non-obese or insulin resistance positive/negative, infertile obese and infertile insulin resistance-positive women had the lowest serum 25(OH)D₃ levels. Conclusion Serum vitamin D levels are lower in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to fertile women. When insulin resistance or obesity was present, vitamin D levels were reduced further. Thus, in polycystic ovary syndrome, lower vitamin D levels may play a role in the pathogenesis of fertility problems. Einleitung Bekanntlich sind Vitamin-D-Spiegel in Frauen mit polyzystischem Ovarsyndrom mit Stoffwechselkrankheiten wie Diabetes mellitus, metabolisches Syndrom und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen korreliert. Es gibt aber bislang zu wenig Studien über den Zusammenhang zwischen Vitamin D und weiblicher Fertilität. Ziel unserer Studie war es, den Vitamin-D-Spiegel bei fruchtbaren und unfruchtbaren Frauen mit polyzystischem Ovarsyndrom zu messen, um herauszufinden, ob Vitamin D eine Rolle bei der Pathogenese von Infertilität in Frauen mit polyzystischem Ovarsyndrom spielt. Material und Methoden Insgesamt wurden 274 infertile und 111 fertile Frauen mit polyzystischem Ovarsyndrom in dieser retrospektiven Studie eingeschlossen. Die infertilen und fertilen Gruppen waren hinsichtlich Alter, Body-Mass-Index und HOMA-Index (Insulinresistenz) vergleichbar. Anthropometrische, klinische und Labormerkmale der Frauen wurden erfasst. Der 25(OH)D₃-Spiegel wurde zur Beurteilung des Vitamin-D-Spiegels verwendet. Ergebnisse Mit Ausnahme des 25(OH)D₃-Spiegels und Vitamin-D-Mangels gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen in Bezug auf anthropometrische, klinische und Labormerkmale. Verglichen mit der fertilen Gruppe war der Vitamin-D-Spiegel signifikant niedriger in der infertilen Gruppe, und Vitamin-D-Mangel trat in dieser Gruppe häufiger auf. Es wurde eine weitere Unterteilung der Gruppen in übergewichtige/nicht übergewichtige und insulinresistente/nicht insulinresistente Frauen vorgenommen. Unfruchtbare übergewichtige Frauen und unfruchtbare insulinresistente Frauen hatten die niedrigsten 25(OH)D₃-Werte. Schlussfolgerung Verglichen mit fruchtbaren Frauen waren die Vitamin-D-Werte von infertilen Frauen mit polyzystischem Ovarsyndrom niedriger. Kam noch Insulinresistenz oder Fettleibigkeit dazu, waren die Vitamin-D-Werte noch niedriger. Bei Frauen mit polyzystischem Ovarsyndrom spielen niedrigere Vitamin-D-Werte möglicherweise eine Rolle bei der Pathogenese von Fertilitätsproblemen.

PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is one of the most common endocrinological disorders and it is the threshold of many systemic disorders. There are many studies in the literature on the mechanisms ...