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To study the response of runoff to extreme changes in land use, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to construct historical, extreme, and future scenarios for several major landscape types in a permafrost region of northeastern China. The results show that the SWAT model is applicable in the Tahe River Basin; forestlands, shrublands, wetlands, and grasslands are the main land-use types in this basin, and the transfers among them from 1980–2015 have impacted runoff by less than 5%. Under extreme land use-change scenarios, the simulated runoff decreased from grasslands, to wetlands, shrublands, and finally, forestlands. The conversion of extreme land-use scenarios produces different hydrological effects. When forestland is converted to grassland, runoff increases by 25.32%, when forestland is converted to wetland, runoff increases by 13.34%, and the conversion of shrubland to forestland reduces runoff by 13.25%. In addition, the sensitivity of runoff to different land-use changes was much greater during flood seasons than in dry seasons. Compared to the reference year of 2015, the annual simulated runoff under the two future land-use scenarios (shrublands to forestlands and shrublands to wetland) was less. Also, both future land-use scenarios showed effects to decrease flooding and increased dryness, This study provided important insight into the integrated management of land use and water resources in the Tahe River Basin and the permafrost region of northeastern China.
Peng Hu; Tijiu Cai; Fengxiang Sui; Liangliang Duan; Xiuling Man; Xueqing Cui. Response of Runoff to Extreme Land Use Change in the Permafrost Region of Northeastern China. Forests 2021, 12, 1021 .
AMA StylePeng Hu, Tijiu Cai, Fengxiang Sui, Liangliang Duan, Xiuling Man, Xueqing Cui. Response of Runoff to Extreme Land Use Change in the Permafrost Region of Northeastern China. Forests. 2021; 12 (8):1021.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Hu; Tijiu Cai; Fengxiang Sui; Liangliang Duan; Xiuling Man; Xueqing Cui. 2021. "Response of Runoff to Extreme Land Use Change in the Permafrost Region of Northeastern China." Forests 12, no. 8: 1021.
Restoration of reclaimed marshes has great effects on soil biological processes. However, the responses of soil microbial properties (microbial biomass and enzyme activities) to natural restoration of reclaimed marshes is poorly studied, especially in a long restoration chronosequence. This study assessed the responses of soil microbial properties to natural restoration and investigated the relationships between soil microbial properties and soil physico-chemical and plant properties. We selected a restoration chronosequence (1, 4, 8, 13, 17, 27 years) after farmland abandonment, a soybean field, and a natural marsh in Sanjiang Plain, northeast China. For each site, we analyzed the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN), four enzymes (β-glucosidase, invertase, catalase, urease) activities, soil physico-chemical properties at 0–50 cm depths, and plant properties (biomass, height, and coverage). The MBC and MBN contents increased with restoration time, but MBN content slowed down after 8 years of restoration. After 27 years of restoration, the soil MBC and MBN contents were 15.7 and 3.2 times of those in the soybean field, but the largest contents of MBC and MBN in the restored sites were 7.78%, 27.76% lower than those in natural marshes, respectively. Moreover, soil enzyme activities and the geometric mean of enzymatic activities (GME) also increased with restoration but slowed down after 13 years of restoration. After 27 years of restoration, the GME was 2.9 times than that in the soybean field, but the largest GME in the restored sites was 31.15% lower than that in the natural marsh. MBC and MBN contents, soil enzyme activities, and GME had significant relationships with soil C:N ratio, organic carbon, nutrients (total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus), bulk density, moisture content, pH, plant properties, (i.e. biomass, height, and coverage) (p < 0.01). Redundancy analysis revealed that soil C:N ratio, pH, moisture content, total nitrogen and phosphorus were main factors affecting MBC and MBN contents and enzyme activities. In conclusion, soil microbial properties can respond positively to the natural restoration process of the reclaimed marshes and were significantly correlated with specific parameters of soil physico-chemical and plant properties.
Chunguang Wang; Haixing Li; Xiaoxin Sun; Tijiu Cai. Responses of Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities to Natural Restoration of Reclaimed Temperate Marshes After Abandonment. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2021, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleChunguang Wang, Haixing Li, Xiaoxin Sun, Tijiu Cai. Responses of Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities to Natural Restoration of Reclaimed Temperate Marshes After Abandonment. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2021; 9 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChunguang Wang; Haixing Li; Xiaoxin Sun; Tijiu Cai. 2021. "Responses of Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities to Natural Restoration of Reclaimed Temperate Marshes After Abandonment." Frontiers in Environmental Science 9, no. : 1.
Wetland restoration significantly affects ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles by changing soil physicochemical properties and plant properties. To reveal the effect of wetland restoration on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) storage, we measured the SOC and TN content and calculated their storage in a restoration chronosequence (1, 4, 8, 13, 17, 27 years) and compared them with those in a soybean field and a natural marsh, all in Sanjiang Plain, northeast China. Our results showed that the SOC and TN content and storage in the investigated sites increased with restoration time. However, the restoration rate was faster in the first 8 years but slowed down after 8 years of restoration. The SOC and TN content and storage decreased with soil depths in the eight sites. After 27 years of restoration, the carbon and nitrogen storage in the restored site was 2.8 and 1.9 times that in the soybean field, respectively. However, the SOC and TN storage in the 27-year restored site was 45.3% and 35.1% lower than that in the natural marsh, respectively. The SOC and TN content, bulk density, moisture content, clay, and plant belowground biomass significantly impact the SOC and TN storage (P < 0.01). This study indicates that marsh restoration contributes to the accumulation of SOC and TN, but the restoration of SOC and TN storage to the level of natural marshes may take decades.
Chunguang Wang; Haixing Li; Tijiu Cai; Xiaoxin Sun. Variation of soil carbon and nitrogen storage in a natural restoration chronosequence of reclaimed temperate marshes. Global Ecology and Conservation 2021, 27, e01589 .
AMA StyleChunguang Wang, Haixing Li, Tijiu Cai, Xiaoxin Sun. Variation of soil carbon and nitrogen storage in a natural restoration chronosequence of reclaimed temperate marshes. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2021; 27 ():e01589.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChunguang Wang; Haixing Li; Tijiu Cai; Xiaoxin Sun. 2021. "Variation of soil carbon and nitrogen storage in a natural restoration chronosequence of reclaimed temperate marshes." Global Ecology and Conservation 27, no. : e01589.
Larix gmelinii forest is one of the dominant forest types in boreal forest and plays a unique eco-hydrological role in the terrestrial ecosystem. However, the throughfall variability in boreal forest ecosystems, which plays a crucial role in regulating hydrology, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the spatial variability and temporal stability of throughfall within a Larix gmelinii forest in the full leaf stage in Great Kingan Mountain, Northeast China, and the effects of rainfall properties and canopy structure on throughfall variability were systematically evaluated. The results indicate that throughfall represented 81.26% of the gross rainfall in the forest. The throughfall CV (coefficient of variation of throughfall) had a significant and negative correlation with the rainfall amount, rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, and distance from the nearest trunk, whereas it increased with increasing canopy thickness and LAI (leaf area index). The correlation analysis suggested that the throughfall variability was mainly affected by the rainfall amount (R 2 = 0.7714) and canopy thickness (R 2 = 0.7087). The temporal stability analysis indicated that the spatial distribution of the throughfall was temporally stable. Our findings will facilitate a better understanding of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of throughfall and help the accurate assessment of throughfall and soil water within boreal forests.
Houcai Sheng; Tijiu Cai. Spatial Variability of Throughfall in a Larch (Larix gmelinii) Forest in Great Kingan Mountain, Northeastern China. Forests 2021, 12, 393 .
AMA StyleHoucai Sheng, Tijiu Cai. Spatial Variability of Throughfall in a Larch (Larix gmelinii) Forest in Great Kingan Mountain, Northeastern China. Forests. 2021; 12 (4):393.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoucai Sheng; Tijiu Cai. 2021. "Spatial Variability of Throughfall in a Larch (Larix gmelinii) Forest in Great Kingan Mountain, Northeastern China." Forests 12, no. 4: 393.
Permafrost thawing may lead to the release of carbon and nitrogen in high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere, mainly in the form of greenhouse gases. Our research aims to reveal the effects of permafrost thawing on CH4 and N2O emissions from peatlands in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Northeast China. During four growing seasons (2011–2014), in situ CH4 and N2O emissions were monitored from peatland under permafrost no-thawing, mild-thawing, and severe-thawing conditions in the middle of the Xiaoxing’an Mountains by a static-chamber method. Average CH4 emissions in the severe-thawing site were 55-fold higher than those in the no-thawing site. The seasonal variation of CH4 emission became more aggravated with the intensification of permafrost thawing, in which the emission peaks became larger and the absorption decreased to zero. The increased CH4 emissions were caused by the expansion of the thawing layer and the subsequent increases in soil temperature, water table, and shifts of plant communities. However, N2O emissions did not change with thawing. Permafrost thawing increased CH4 emissions but did not impact N2O emissions in peatlands in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains. Increased CH4 emissions from peatlands in this region may amplify global warming.
Xiaoxin Sun; Hongjun Wang; Changchun Song; Xin Jin; Curtis Richardson; Tijiu Cai. Response of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Peatlands to Permafrost Thawing in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Northeast China. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 222 .
AMA StyleXiaoxin Sun, Hongjun Wang, Changchun Song, Xin Jin, Curtis Richardson, Tijiu Cai. Response of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Peatlands to Permafrost Thawing in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Northeast China. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (2):222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoxin Sun; Hongjun Wang; Changchun Song; Xin Jin; Curtis Richardson; Tijiu Cai. 2021. "Response of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Peatlands to Permafrost Thawing in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Northeast China." Atmosphere 12, no. 2: 222.
Changes in above-ground litterfall can influence below-ground biogeochemical processes in forests, which substantially impacts soil nitrogen (N) and nutrient cycling. However, how these soil processes respond to the litter manipulation is complex and poorly understood, especially in the N-limiting boreal forest. We aimed to examine how soil N dynamics respond to litter manipulations in a boreal larch forest. A litter manipulation experiment including control, litter exclusion, and litter addition was performed in the Larix gmelinii forest on the north of the Daxing’an Mountains in China. Monthly soil inorganic N, microbial biomass and the rate of net N mineralization in both 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers, and N2O flux were analyzed from May 2018 to October 2018. In 0–20 cm soil layer the average soil inorganic N contents, microbial biomass N (MBN) contents, the rate of net N mineralization (Rmin), and the soil N2O emission in the litter addition plot were approximately 40.58%, 54.16%, 128.57%, and 38.52% greater, respectively than those in the control. While litter exclusion reduced those indexes about 29.04%, 19.84%, 80.98%, and 31.45%, respectively. Compared with the dynamics of the 10–20 cm soil layer, the N dynamics in 0–10 cm soil were more sensitive to litter manipulation. Rmin and N2O emissions were significantly correlated with MBN in most cases. Our results highlight the short-term effects of litter manipulations on soil N dynamics, which suggests that the influence of litter on soil N process should be considered in the future defoliation management of the boreal larch forest.
Ruihan Xiao; Xiuling Man; Beixing Duan; Tijiu Cai. Short-Term Litter Manipulations have Strong Impact on Soil Nitrogen Dynamics in Larix gmelinii Forest of Northeast China. Forests 2020, 11, 1205 .
AMA StyleRuihan Xiao, Xiuling Man, Beixing Duan, Tijiu Cai. Short-Term Litter Manipulations have Strong Impact on Soil Nitrogen Dynamics in Larix gmelinii Forest of Northeast China. Forests. 2020; 11 (11):1205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuihan Xiao; Xiuling Man; Beixing Duan; Tijiu Cai. 2020. "Short-Term Litter Manipulations have Strong Impact on Soil Nitrogen Dynamics in Larix gmelinii Forest of Northeast China." Forests 11, no. 11: 1205.
Secondary forest succession plays a vital role in the dynamics of soil organic carbon and nitrogen and is recognized as an important driving force for the recovery of soil properties. In order to explore the effect of forest succession on the stocks of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in permafrost region of the Daxing'an Mountains, northeast China, the Betula platyphylla forest at the early succession stage; the Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii mixed forest at the middle succession stage and the pure Larix gmelinii forest at the climax forest stage were selected to compare soil organic carbon and soil nitrogen stocks along forest succession stage. The results showed that the concentration of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil nitrogen (SN) all increased during forest succession, particularly in 0-40 cm depth. However, the C:N ratio changed slightly. The concentration of SOC and SN and the ratio of C/N significantly decreased with increasing of soil depth along forest succession. The stocks of total soil organic carbon (TSOC) and total soil nitrogen (TSN) increased from 77.69 Mg ha-1 to 130.50 Mg ha-1 and from 7.46 Mg ha-1 to 13.90 Mg ha-1, respectively, during forest succession, but the accumulation were mainly in later stage of succession from Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii forest to Larix gmelinii forest. TSOC and TSN showed obvious surface aggregation, with more than 58% of TSOC in the soil of 0-20 cm depth and more than 50% of TSN in the soil of 0-40 cm depth. TSOC and TSN decreased with increasing soil depth. To sum up, our study highlighted that secondary forest succession greatly increased the sequestration capacity of SOC and SN of forest soil in the future Daxing´an Mountains, northeast China. The result is of great significance for understanding the simultaneous effects of forest succession and climate change, and improving forest resource management measures and strategies in permafrost region.
Beixing Duan; Xiuling Man; Tijiu Cai; Ruihan Xiao; Zhaoxin Ge. Increasing soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks along with secondary forest succession in permafrost region of the Daxing’an mountains, northeast China. Global Ecology and Conservation 2020, 24, e01258 .
AMA StyleBeixing Duan, Xiuling Man, Tijiu Cai, Ruihan Xiao, Zhaoxin Ge. Increasing soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks along with secondary forest succession in permafrost region of the Daxing’an mountains, northeast China. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2020; 24 ():e01258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeixing Duan; Xiuling Man; Tijiu Cai; Ruihan Xiao; Zhaoxin Ge. 2020. "Increasing soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks along with secondary forest succession in permafrost region of the Daxing’an mountains, northeast China." Global Ecology and Conservation 24, no. : e01258.
The mixed forest of broad-leaved and Korean pine is the dominant type in the Xiaoxing’an and Changbai Mountains of China. However, few studies have been done on its canopy interception of rainfall. In this study, rainfall amount, rainfall intensity, and canopy interception were monitored during the growing seasons in 2010 and 2011. The results showed that cumulative canopy interception of rainfall was 22.0% and 21.9% in 2010 and 2011, respectively. However, the canopy interception of rainfall varied with rainfall events from 6.6% to 82.7% in 2010, and from 8.7% to 80.2% in 2011. The relationship between rainfall amount and the ratio of canopy interception to rainfall amount could be described by a power function (P < 0.01), i.e., the canopy interception decreased with the increasing rainfall amount and intensity. These results indicate that the rainfall amount and intensity were important factors for estimating the canopy interception of the studied forest type.
Houcai Sheng; Tijiu Cai. Influence of Rainfall on Canopy Interception in Mixed Broad-Leaved—Korean Pine Forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Northeastern China. Forests 2019, 10, 248 .
AMA StyleHoucai Sheng, Tijiu Cai. Influence of Rainfall on Canopy Interception in Mixed Broad-Leaved—Korean Pine Forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Northeastern China. Forests. 2019; 10 (3):248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoucai Sheng; Tijiu Cai. 2019. "Influence of Rainfall on Canopy Interception in Mixed Broad-Leaved—Korean Pine Forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Northeastern China." Forests 10, no. 3: 248.
Relationships between forest cover and streamflow have been studied worldwide, but only a few studies have examined how gradual changes in forest structure and species composition due to logging and climate change affect watershed water yield (Q) and flow regimes. In this study, we analyzed long-term (45 years) hydrologic, climate and forest dynamics data from the subboreal Tahe watershed in northeastern China. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of forest logging and regeneration on changes in forest biomass and species and to quantify the subsequent impact on mean annual streamflow and flow regime under a changing climate. The study watershed was dominated by old-growth larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) during the 1970s, but gradually transformed into young deciduous larch mixed with deciduous broad-leaved birch (Betula platyphylla Sukaczev) during the 2010s. During the same period, the watershed experienced climate change with a significant increase in air temperature of 0.028 ℃/year. We applied eight sensitivity-based techniques to separate the effects of climate change on water yield from those due to forest changes. We used flow duration curves (FDCs) to characterize flow regimes by dividing the study into four key periods based on the proportional change of larch and birch trees. We found that the mean annual streamflow decreased by 10 mm (−16 mm attributed to forest change and +6 mm to climate change) between the 1984–1994 period and the 2006–2016 period when the proportion of birch increased by 20% with a similar total forest volume in the later period. The mean annual streamflow increased from 216 mm to 270 mm (+35.5 mm due to forest change vs +17.7 mm due to climate change) when forest volume decreased by 18.7% (17 m3/ha) between the 1970s and 1984–1994. Water yield changed only slightly (3.5 mm) when forest volume increased by 8.7% (6 m3/ha) from 2000 to 2011. In addition, the magnitude of high flow and low flow increased following deforestation and a shift in species composition from a period (1984–1994) with 70% larch with 30% birch to a later period (2006–2016) with 50% larch with 50% birch. Both high flow and low flow decreased coinciding with a reforestation period (2006–2016). Our results highlight complex interactions among climate, forest structure, total biomass, and plant diversity (trees species composition) in influencing watershed hydrology. Further study is needed to examine the effects of ecohydrological processes such as evapotranspiration in larch and birch forests on hydrologic changes across multiple scales.
Zhengxiang Yu; Ge Sun; Tijiu Cai; Dennis W. Hallema; Liangliang Duan. Water Yield Responses to Gradual Changes in Forest Structure and Species Composition in a Subboreal Watershed in Northeastern China. Forests 2019, 10, 211 .
AMA StyleZhengxiang Yu, Ge Sun, Tijiu Cai, Dennis W. Hallema, Liangliang Duan. Water Yield Responses to Gradual Changes in Forest Structure and Species Composition in a Subboreal Watershed in Northeastern China. Forests. 2019; 10 (3):211.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhengxiang Yu; Ge Sun; Tijiu Cai; Dennis W. Hallema; Liangliang Duan. 2019. "Water Yield Responses to Gradual Changes in Forest Structure and Species Composition in a Subboreal Watershed in Northeastern China." Forests 10, no. 3: 211.
Dao-Ning Li; Bing Wang; Ti-Jiu Cai; Zhuo Yin; Cun-Yong Ju. [Rainfall redistribution traits of three main forest types in Dagangshan Mountains of Jiangxi Province, China]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology 2014, 25, 1 .
AMA StyleDao-Ning Li, Bing Wang, Ti-Jiu Cai, Zhuo Yin, Cun-Yong Ju. [Rainfall redistribution traits of three main forest types in Dagangshan Mountains of Jiangxi Province, China]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology. 2014; 25 (8):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDao-Ning Li; Bing Wang; Ti-Jiu Cai; Zhuo Yin; Cun-Yong Ju. 2014. "[Rainfall redistribution traits of three main forest types in Dagangshan Mountains of Jiangxi Province, China]." Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology 25, no. 8: 1.
In this study, the hydro-climatic trends (1964–2006) of Tangwang River basin (TRB) were examined using the Kendall’s test. Moreover, the impacts of climate variability and land use change on streamflow in each sub-basin were assessed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model. The results indicated that annual mean flow and peak flow showed insignificant decreasing trends (−0.14 m3 s−1 year−1, 1 %; −8.67 m3 s−1 year−1, 40 %), while annual low flow exhibited a slightly increasing trend (0.02 m3 s−1 year−1, 11 %). Correspondingly, the annual precipitation for the entire basin decreased by 0.02 mm year−2, while the annual means of daily mean, maximum and minimum temperature increased significantly by 0.07, 0.10 and 0.02 °C year−1, respectively. On the other hand, with the implementation of “Natural Forest Protection Project” and “Grain for Green Project”, the forests in TRB totally increased by 744.5 km2 (4.00 %) from 1980 to 2000. Meanwhile, the grasslands and the farmlands decreased by 378.0 km2 (−1.98 %) and 311.9 km2 (−1.63 %), respectively. Overall, land use changes played a more important role for the streamflow reduction than climate change for SUB1, SUB2 and SUB3, in which the primary conversions were from grassland, farmland and bare land to forests. Conversely, in SUB4, the influence of climate variability was predominant. The results obtained could be a reference for water resources planning and management under changing environment.
Wenbin Liu; Tijiu Cai; Guobin Fu; Aijing Zhang; Changming Liu; Hongzhou Yu. The streamflow trend in Tangwang River basin in northeast China and its difference response to climate and land use change in sub-basins. Environmental Earth Sciences 2012, 69, 51 -62.
AMA StyleWenbin Liu, Tijiu Cai, Guobin Fu, Aijing Zhang, Changming Liu, Hongzhou Yu. The streamflow trend in Tangwang River basin in northeast China and its difference response to climate and land use change in sub-basins. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2012; 69 (1):51-62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenbin Liu; Tijiu Cai; Guobin Fu; Aijing Zhang; Changming Liu; Hongzhou Yu. 2012. "The streamflow trend in Tangwang River basin in northeast China and its difference response to climate and land use change in sub-basins." Environmental Earth Sciences 69, no. 1: 51-62.
The hydrological effect of forest recovery is receiving renewed interest globally because information on forest carbon–water relationship is critically needed to support carbon management through reforestation and sustainable water management. In Northeastern China, summer (June to August) streamflow accounts for about 50% of total annual streamflow and is vital to water supply and management in the region. Understanding how forest recovery may affect streamflow is important to both reforestation campaign and long‐term water sustainability. In this study, we analysed 33 years of summer hydrologic data (1970–2002) from two comparable small‐scale watersheds located in the Xiaoxing'anling, Northeastern China. Time series analysis and two graphic methods (double mass curve and flow duration curve) with statistical testing as well as long‐term data on forest cover changes and climate were used. Our results show that the significant streamflow reduction as a result of reforestation occurred when forest cover reached 70% or 10 years after planting. After forest cover reached 85%, water reduction became stabilized. The accumulative streamflow reduction in 2002 reached 8·61% of the total accumulative streamflow. Among those water reduced, high flows (from 5 to 25 percentiles) were mostly affected, demonstrating that northeastern forests have an important role in reducing high flows. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of climate change, reforestation and water resource management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Yuefeng Yao; Tijiu Cai; Xiaohua Wei; Mingfang Zhang; Cunyong Ju. Effect of forest recovery on summer streamflow in small forested watersheds, Northeastern China. Hydrological Processes 2011, 26, 1208 -1214.
AMA StyleYuefeng Yao, Tijiu Cai, Xiaohua Wei, Mingfang Zhang, Cunyong Ju. Effect of forest recovery on summer streamflow in small forested watersheds, Northeastern China. Hydrological Processes. 2011; 26 (8):1208-1214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuefeng Yao; Tijiu Cai; Xiaohua Wei; Mingfang Zhang; Cunyong Ju. 2011. "Effect of forest recovery on summer streamflow in small forested watersheds, Northeastern China." Hydrological Processes 26, no. 8: 1208-1214.
In this study, the vegetation dynamics in Heilongjiang province and their relationships with climate variability were assessed using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and meteorological datasets from 1981 to 2003. The conclusions from our results are as follows: (1) After 1981, vegetation cover, as indicated by the NDVI, exhibited an insignificant increasing tendency. However, the inter-annual variations of the NDVI showed apparent spatial differentiations. (2) The inter-annual changes of the NDVI were different from season to season. The spring and autumn NDVI values increased, while the summer and winter NDVI decreased. (3) The annual NDVI was significantly correlated with precipitation. Thus, as compared to temperature, precipitation was the dominant climatic factor affecting the vegetation dynamics in Heilongjiang province. (4) The trend in the NDVI showed a marked homogeneity corresponding to regional and seasonal variations in climate. Additionally, land use changes also play an important role in influencing the NDVI trends over some regions. All of these findings will enrich our knowledge of the natural forces that impact the stability of boreal ecosystems and provide a scientific basis for the environmental management in Heilongjiang province in response to climate change and human activities.
Wenbin Liu; Tijiu Cai; Cunyong Ju; Guobin Fu; Yuefeng Yao; Xueqing Cui. Assessing vegetation dynamics and their relationships with climatic variability in Heilongjiang province, northeast China. Environmental Earth Sciences 2011, 64, 2013 -2024.
AMA StyleWenbin Liu, Tijiu Cai, Cunyong Ju, Guobin Fu, Yuefeng Yao, Xueqing Cui. Assessing vegetation dynamics and their relationships with climatic variability in Heilongjiang province, northeast China. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2011; 64 (8):2013-2024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenbin Liu; Tijiu Cai; Cunyong Ju; Guobin Fu; Yuefeng Yao; Xueqing Cui. 2011. "Assessing vegetation dynamics and their relationships with climatic variability in Heilongjiang province, northeast China." Environmental Earth Sciences 64, no. 8: 2013-2024.
Xiao-Ming Du; Ti-Jiu Cai; Cun-Yong Ju. [Estimation of forest canopy closure by using partial least square regression]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology 2008, 19, 1 .
AMA StyleXiao-Ming Du, Ti-Jiu Cai, Cun-Yong Ju. [Estimation of forest canopy closure by using partial least square regression]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology. 2008; 19 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao-Ming Du; Ti-Jiu Cai; Cun-Yong Ju. 2008. "[Estimation of forest canopy closure by using partial least square regression]." Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology 19, no. 2: 1.