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Changes in pollution pressure exerted on the Rocha River in Bolivia from diffuse sources were assessed using potential non-point pollution indexes (PNPI) for 1997 and 2017. PNPI is a simple, low-effort, time- and resource-saving method suitable for data-scarce regions, as it works at catchment level with commonly available geographical data. Land use type (obtained by Landsat imagery classification), runoff (determined by runoff coefficient characterisation) and distance to river network (calculated at perpendicular distance) were each transformed into corresponding indicators to determine their relative importance in generating pollution. Weighted sum, a multi-criteria analysis tool in the GIS environment, was used to combine indicators with weighting values. Different weighting values were assigned to each of the indicators resulting in a set of six equations. The results showed that higher PNPI values corresponded to human settlements with high population density, higher runoff values and shorter distance to river network, while lower PNPI values corresponded to semi-natural land use type, lower runoff coefficient and longer distances to river. PNPI values were positively correlated with measured nitrate and phosphate concentrations at six sub-catchment outlets. The correlation was statistical significant for phosphate in 2017. Maps were produced to identify priority source areas that are more likely to generate pollution, which is important information for future management.
Benjamin Gossweiler; Ingrid Wesström; Ingmar Messing; Mauricio Villazón; Abraham Joel. Impact of Land Use Change on Non-Point Source Pollution in a Semi-Arid Catchment under Rapid Urbanisation in Bolivia. Water 2021, 13, 410 .
AMA StyleBenjamin Gossweiler, Ingrid Wesström, Ingmar Messing, Mauricio Villazón, Abraham Joel. Impact of Land Use Change on Non-Point Source Pollution in a Semi-Arid Catchment under Rapid Urbanisation in Bolivia. Water. 2021; 13 (4):410.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenjamin Gossweiler; Ingrid Wesström; Ingmar Messing; Mauricio Villazón; Abraham Joel. 2021. "Impact of Land Use Change on Non-Point Source Pollution in a Semi-Arid Catchment under Rapid Urbanisation in Bolivia." Water 13, no. 4: 410.
Increasing pressures caused by human activities pose a major threat to water availability and quality worldwide. Water resources have been declining in many catchments during recent decades. This study investigated patterns of river water quality status in a peri-urban/rural catchment in Bolivia in relation to land use during a 26 year period. Satellite images were used to determine changes in land use. To assess water quality, data in the dry season from former studies (1991–2014), complemented with newly collected data (2017), were analysed using the National Sanitation Foundation-Water Quality Index method and the Implicit Pollution Index method. The highest rates of relative increase in land use area were observed for forest, urban, and peri-urban areas, whereas relative decreases were observed for water infiltration zones, bare soil, shrubland, and grassland areas. The water quality indices revealed clear water quality deterioration over time, and from catchment headwaters to outlet. Statistical analyses revealed a significant relationship between decreasing water quality and urban expansion. These results demonstrate the need for an effective control programme, preferably based on water quality index approaches as in the present study and including continuous monitoring of runoff water, mitigation of pollution, and water quality restoration, in order to achieve proper water management and quality.
Benjamin Gossweiler; Ingrid Wesström; Ingmar Messing; Ana Maria Romero; Abraham Joel. Spatial and Temporal Variations in Water Quality and Land Use in a Semi-Arid Catchment in Bolivia. Water 2019, 11, 2227 .
AMA StyleBenjamin Gossweiler, Ingrid Wesström, Ingmar Messing, Ana Maria Romero, Abraham Joel. Spatial and Temporal Variations in Water Quality and Land Use in a Semi-Arid Catchment in Bolivia. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenjamin Gossweiler; Ingrid Wesström; Ingmar Messing; Ana Maria Romero; Abraham Joel. 2019. "Spatial and Temporal Variations in Water Quality and Land Use in a Semi-Arid Catchment in Bolivia." Water 11, no. 11: 2227.
Mario Chilundo; Abraham Joel; Ingrid Wesström; Rui Brito; Ingmar Messing. Response of maize root growth to irrigation and nitrogen management strategies in semi-arid loamy sandy soil. Field Crops Research 2017, 200, 143 -162.
AMA StyleMario Chilundo, Abraham Joel, Ingrid Wesström, Rui Brito, Ingmar Messing. Response of maize root growth to irrigation and nitrogen management strategies in semi-arid loamy sandy soil. Field Crops Research. 2017; 200 ():143-162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMario Chilundo; Abraham Joel; Ingrid Wesström; Rui Brito; Ingmar Messing. 2017. "Response of maize root growth to irrigation and nitrogen management strategies in semi-arid loamy sandy soil." Field Crops Research 200, no. : 143-162.
The first step in evaluating phosphorus (P) loss risks should be to investigate the topsoil, which is generally considered a source of P transport via macropore flow. A procedure is presented for in situ measurement of hydraulic response times, critical water outflow rates, as well as turbidity (T), sediment (SC), and total phosphorus (Ptot) concentrations in outflowing soil water solution from the upper half meter of a clay soil. The method applies to a range of controlled experimental rainfall intensities from a drip infiltrometer, and a zero-tension collection tray located at 0.5 m depth through which percolating water/sediment solution is sampled. Reasonable positive relationships were observed between T, SC, and Ptot versus steady output flow rates (qs). Dependencies were strong between Ptot and each of qs and T, and weaker between Ptot and SC. The methods require further validation and will be further developed in upcoming studies.
Ingmar Messing; Ingrid Wesström; Abraham Joel; Jeffrey Strock. In Situ Method for Measuring Water Fluxes and Sediment and Phosphorus Yields at High Drip Infiltrometer Intensities in the Upper Half Meter of a Tilled Clay Soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2015, 46, 2139 -2151.
AMA StyleIngmar Messing, Ingrid Wesström, Abraham Joel, Jeffrey Strock. In Situ Method for Measuring Water Fluxes and Sediment and Phosphorus Yields at High Drip Infiltrometer Intensities in the Upper Half Meter of a Tilled Clay Soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2015; 46 (17):2139-2151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIngmar Messing; Ingrid Wesström; Abraham Joel; Jeffrey Strock. 2015. "In Situ Method for Measuring Water Fluxes and Sediment and Phosphorus Yields at High Drip Infiltrometer Intensities in the Upper Half Meter of a Tilled Clay Soil." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 46, no. 17: 2139-2151.
Abraham Joel; Ingrid Wesström; Ingmar Messing. A tool for assessing the status of drainage ditches and the need for remedial measures. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 2015, 65, 100 -109.
AMA StyleAbraham Joel, Ingrid Wesström, Ingmar Messing. A tool for assessing the status of drainage ditches and the need for remedial measures. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science. 2015; 65 (sup1):100-109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbraham Joel; Ingrid Wesström; Ingmar Messing. 2015. "A tool for assessing the status of drainage ditches and the need for remedial measures." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 65, no. sup1: 100-109.
In climate change scenarios, the frequency of high-intensity rain events in Sweden is assumed to increase. In a plot experiment at Ultuna, Uppsala, the influence of rain intensities on phosphorus (P) transport in the uppermost 0.5 m of a clay soil was studied at 16 locations. A rain simulator, 0.5 × 0.5 m and mounted 1 m above the soil surface, was used to simulate 85–500 min rain sequences causing small (4–9 mm h−1) and large (22–28 mm h−1 and one extreme at 37 mm h−1) steady water fluxes (intensity) in the underlying soil profile. Water percolated to a zero-tension collector tray at 0.5 m depth where drain water and its sediment load was sampled at discrete time intervals. The total P (TP) mass flux ranged, at low intensity, between 12–92 μg m−2 min−1 (average 28.1 μg m−2 min−1) and, at high intensity, between 83–375 μg m−2 min−1 (average 168.5 μg m−2 min−1) and 648 μg m−2 min−1 at the extreme intensity. The soluble reactive (inorganic) P (SRP) mass flux ranged, at low intensity, between 1–65 μg m−2 min−1 (average 10.0 μg m−2 min−1) and, at high intensity, between 6–205 μg m−2 min−1 (average 47.9 μg m−2 min−1) and 495 μg m−2 min−1 at the extreme intensity. Thus, in the intensity range 4–28 mm h−1, TP and SRP increased, on average, by approximately 12% (μg m−2 min−1) per unit increase in intensity (mm h−1). The results of this study demonstrate increased sediment and P loss/mobility for clay soil under increased precipitation intensity predicted under climate change.
Ingmar Messing; Abraham Joel; Ingrid Wesström; Jeffrey Strock. Influence of higher rain intensities on phosphorus movements in the upper half meter of macroporous clay soil. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 2015, 65, 93 -99.
AMA StyleIngmar Messing, Abraham Joel, Ingrid Wesström, Jeffrey Strock. Influence of higher rain intensities on phosphorus movements in the upper half meter of macroporous clay soil. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science. 2015; 65 (sup1):93-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIngmar Messing; Abraham Joel; Ingrid Wesström; Jeffrey Strock. 2015. "Influence of higher rain intensities on phosphorus movements in the upper half meter of macroporous clay soil." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 65, no. sup1: 93-99.
Manuel Casanova P; Ingmar Messing; Alberto Cañete M; Abraham Joel. Methods to Estimate Lettuce Evapotranspiration in Greenhouse Conditions in the Central Zone of Chile. Chilean journal of agricultural research 2009, 69, 60 -70.
AMA StyleManuel Casanova P, Ingmar Messing, Alberto Cañete M, Abraham Joel. Methods to Estimate Lettuce Evapotranspiration in Greenhouse Conditions in the Central Zone of Chile. Chilean journal of agricultural research. 2009; 69 (1):60-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel Casanova P; Ingmar Messing; Alberto Cañete M; Abraham Joel. 2009. "Methods to Estimate Lettuce Evapotranspiration in Greenhouse Conditions in the Central Zone of Chile." Chilean journal of agricultural research 69, no. 1: 60-70.
Daily outflow frequencies and recession curves were used to identify differences in storage–outflow relationships between two different drainage systems, conventional and controlled drainage. A three‐year (1996–1999) field drainage experiment was carried out on a loamy sand soil in southern Sweden. Plots with an area of 0·2 hectares were drained by conventional subsurface drainage (CD) or by controlled drainage (CWT1 and CWT2). The controlled drainage system allowed the groundwater level in the soil to be varied during the year. It was kept at least 70 cm below the soil surface during the growing season but allowed to rise to a maximum of 20 cm below the soil surface during the rest of the year. Measurements were performed to record precipitation, drain outflow and groundwater levels. Daily values of outflow were divided into 10 categories, based on the size of outflow. Recession curves of hourly measurement of outflow were selected. They behaved like single reservoirs and a linear storage–outflow model was applied. Least squares estimates of the parameters initial outflow, initial storage volume and retention constant were calculated. Controlled drainage had a significant effect on total drain outflow and outflow pattern during the three years of measurement. The total drain outflow was 70% to 90% smaller in CWT than in CD. The analysis revealed that the initial outflows were higher, the retention constant and the temporary storage lower in CWT. The hydrological impacts of the reduction in temporary storage were higher peak flow, shorter lag time and shorter recession time and these effects increased with an increased groundwater level. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ingrid Wesström; Gunnar Ekbohm; Harry Linnér; Ingmar Messing. The effects of controlled drainage on subsurface outflow from level agricultural fields. Hydrological Processes 2003, 17, 1525 -1538.
AMA StyleIngrid Wesström, Gunnar Ekbohm, Harry Linnér, Ingmar Messing. The effects of controlled drainage on subsurface outflow from level agricultural fields. Hydrological Processes. 2003; 17 (8):1525-1538.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIngrid Wesström; Gunnar Ekbohm; Harry Linnér; Ingmar Messing. 2003. "The effects of controlled drainage on subsurface outflow from level agricultural fields." Hydrological Processes 17, no. 8: 1525-1538.
Abraham Joel; Ingmar Messing; Oscar Seguel; Manuel Casanova. Measurement of surface water runoff from plots of two different sizes. Hydrological Processes 2002, 16, 1467 -1478.
AMA StyleAbraham Joel, Ingmar Messing, Oscar Seguel, Manuel Casanova. Measurement of surface water runoff from plots of two different sizes. Hydrological Processes. 2002; 16 (7):1467-1478.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbraham Joel; Ingmar Messing; Oscar Seguel; Manuel Casanova. 2002. "Measurement of surface water runoff from plots of two different sizes." Hydrological Processes 16, no. 7: 1467-1478.