This research highlights that street layouts, including the vegetation ratio, street orientation, and aspect ratio, are key in diminishing urban heat islands (UHIs), building energy use, and carbon emissions. The optimal street layout for minimal building energy consumption, carbon emissions, and maximal outdoor thermal comfort in Tianjin was established via field measurements, ENVI-met 5.6.1, Energy Plus simulations, and correlation analysis. The findings indicate the following: (1) The carbon emissions of winter residential heating energy consumption are 2.9–3.2 times higher than those for summer cooling. Urban design should thus prioritize winter energy efficiency and summer thermal comfort outdoors. (2) The summer street PET (physiological equivalent temperature) inversely correlates with the vegetation ratio and aspect ratio. Winter heating energy use inversely correlates with the street orientation and directly correlates with the aspect ratio. Adequate vegetation and proper orientation can decrease energy and carbon output while enhancing summer outdoor comfort. (3) Streets with an NW–SE orientation, H/W = 0.9, and 50% trees in summer yield the best thermal comfort, while those with an NE–SW orientation, H/W = 0.3, and 50% vegetative trees in winter produce the lowest carbon emissions. These insights are instrumental in refining urban streets and building designs in cold zones.

Improving environmental comfort in newly built rural communities requires aligning microclimate interventions with residents’ actual needs. This study investigates Zhengdong Village, Yancheng, China, in the hot-summer/cold-winter climate zone using a mixed-method framework that combines a villager questionnaire (171 valid responses), field meteorological measurements, exploratory factor analysis, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation with WindPerfectDX. The survey identified three closely weighted dimensions of environmental comfort: human perception (34.53%), built environment (32.64%), and behavioral response (32.83%). Model verification showed mean relative errors of 3.2% for wind speed and 2.1% for air temperature. The cross-evidence diagnosis identified two priority mismatches: villagers reported low summer wind comfort and cooling satisfaction, while the densely built Area C contained persistent low-wind zones below 0.5 m/s; meanwhile, heat-related dissatisfaction coincided with simulated midday SET* values above 40 °C in exposed parts of Areas A and B. Comparing the two simulation scenarios, increased vegetation coverage reduced local thermal stress and lowered SET* by approximately 3-5 °C, but did not eliminate ventilation dead zones, demonstrating a cooling–ventilation trade-off. The results support a combined renewal strategy involving targeted shading vegetation, reduced hard paving, protected ventilation paths, age-friendly shaded resting spaces, and participatory maintenance mechanisms. The study provides an integrated demand–microclimate framework for climate-adaptive renewal of new rural communities.