Electronic commerce (E-commerce) which is a practice of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging goods, information or service by means of internet has established in 1994 and until now hordes of organizations have exploited the internet to handle the information and fit in e-commerce into their business processes. This study analyses the relationship between organizational context, technological context, and environmental context towards E-commerce adoption among SMEs in Northern state of Malaysia which comprise of Perlis, Kedah, Penang and Northern part of Perak. Above and beyond, this study is conducted based on survey design and descriptive research investigation. Entire numbers of respondents collected through questionnaires are 364 CEOs or managers diversified from different sectors. The research data is analyzed using frequency analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive analysis as well as multiple regression analysis. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5p37

Halal has been a long-disputed issue due to the reason of its complexity consequently of swift advancement in innovation and technology. Gelatin plays a vital role in modern food processing as it has been used in many food preparations and is commonly used to make the pharmaceuticals capsule these days. In this work, various types of animal fat will measure dielectrically to distinguish them for the development of the detection system. This project applied the measurement of reflection coefficient by using the high-temperature probes. These probes use the principle of microwave method and allow the measurement to be made in a fast and non-destructive way. For this project, the high-temperature probe is used to measure the sample of animal fat for instance chicken, beef and pork fat. The fresh animal fat was used and the moisture content of the animal fat was manipulated by using the oven-drying technique. The different levels of moisture content inside the fat will affect the measurement value of reflection coefficient as the moisture content will change the dielectric properties of the animal fat. The measurement of reflection coefficient was made with a network analyzer in the frequency range of 0.2 GHz to 20 GHz. From the experimental result, it can be concluded that pork fat shows distinguishable trend compared with chicken and beef fat which perform similar trend in variation of reflection coefficient (|S₁₁|), dielectric constant (έ) and dielectric loss (ἔ) throughout the frequency range from 0.2 GHz to 20 GHz.

Quality has become a fundamental issue for organizational success in today’s dynamic business environment particularly hotel industry as it affects the stakeholders which involve government, employers, employees as well as the end users. Total Quality Management (TQM) has seen as a revolution in management whereby it not only began to exert its vigorous effect on national business system but also referred as an comprehensive approach for total organizational performance improvement. TQM literature has been widely addressed and many researchers evaluated the gaps in TQM to achieve organizational performance. However, the literature does not seem to agree on a universal framework for the implementation of TQM philosophy in hotel settings. This paper emphasizes the importance level of inter-dependency among the TQM which has rarely been explored in the preceding studies. A novel hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model is used to address the dependence relationships of factors with the aid of grey relational analysis, Analytical Network Process (ANP) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL). The initial model of the study is designed by considering main criteria and sub-criteria of TQM using interview method. DEMATEL is employed to construct interrelations among criteria and sub-criteria in the integrated model. By using this approach, the inter-dependencies strength among the criteria and sub-criteria is tested. The ANP method is then applied in order to determine the relative importance of the TQM and used to identify how TQM are weighted and prioritized by the management representatives (MR) or hotel top management. The development of this MCDM model will assist Malaysia hotels in identifying the key elements and factors that need to be thoroughly considered and managed for achieving competitive advantage as well as be a guide for hotel entities to invent new quality management practices or improve existing management policies.