Seasonal groundwater rise of 2.5–3.0 m leads to full saturation of the lakeside slope of the railway embankment, significantly reducing the strength of clayey–sandy loam layers. Laboratory shear tests showed that saturation decreases the internal friction angle from 24–26° to 16–19°, while effective cohesion drops from 12–18 kPa to 0–3 kPa, identifying the 3–6 m depth interval as the critical weak zone. These parameters were incorporated into PLAXIS 2D/3D hydro-mechanical models to assess the embankment behaviour under three scenarios: natural conditions, high water level, and reinforced configuration. Under elevated water levels, lateral displacement toward the lakeside increased to 0.16–0.21 m, and the plastic strain zone expanded by a factor of 2.4, reducing the safety factor from FS ≈ 1.32 to below 1.10. The proposed stabilization system—replacement of a 1.5 m weak layer, installation of geotextile reinforcement, and application of a bituminous waterproofing layer—substantially improved stability, reducing maximum lateral displacement to 0.12 m (≈43% reduction) and restoring the safety factor to FS = 1.25–1.40. The results demonstrate that low-cost geosynthetic barriers provide an effective and practical engineering solution for maintaining the long-term stability of railway embankments exposed to seasonal inundation.

Бұл мақаладa лoкoмoтив мaшиниcтінің біліктілігін apттыpуғa және oқытуғa apнaлғaн жаттығу кешенін жacaу мәcелеcі қapacтыpылған. Жұмыc бapыcындa симулятopдaғы элементтеpді бacқapуғa және қaбылдaнғaн cигнaлдapды көpcетуге қaжетті құpылғылap тaңдaлынып, оған бaзa pетінде Arduino Uno мен Arduino Leonardo тaқтacы дайындалып, олapғa қaжетті aлгopитмдеpді Atmel Studio және Arduino IDE бaғдapлaмaлық opтacындa жacaлынған. Сонымен қатар, өңделген бaғдapлaмaғa cәйкеcтендіpіліп блoк-cұлбa құpacтыpылды; заманауи локомотивтердің жаттығу кешені әзірленді. Бacқapу пультіне apнaлғaн бaғдapлaмaны құpacтыpу үшін arduino-ның cтaндapтты бaғдapмacын қолданып, бұл құpылғыдa осы пеpнелеp арқылы Arduino Leonardo құpылғыcы пaйдaлaнылған. Cимулятopдaн aқпapaтты arduino uno-ғa бaғыттaу үшін zdsimScanner мapшpутизaтopы пaйдaлaнылды. Заманауи локомотивтердің жаттығу кешенін oқу кoлледждеpінде, жоғары оқу орындарында зертханалық жұмыстарды орындау үшін және оқу курстарында пaйдaлaнуғa бoлaды.

The purpose of the study is to establish compliance of the design of the modernized car with the requirements for safe operation. An option has been proposed for upgrading a passenger wagon to a Mobile Diagnostic Complex for transporting a combined vehicle equipped with appropriate flaw detection equipment intended for rail diagnostics. The authors have established the most optimal option for locating the diagnostic vehicle on board the Mobile Diagnostic Complex (MDC) wagon, taking into account the additional load from the vehicle. To achieve this goal, the article developed a three-dimensional model of the supporting structure of the wagon body, proposed a methodology and presented the results of a study of the stress-strain state of the wagon body, taking into account the additional weight of the wagon. The article develops a methodology for studying the natural frequencies of vibrations of the wagon body and develops a three-dimensional model of the wagon for calculating dynamic indicators in the Universal Mechanism software package. Taking into account the previously carried out strength calculations, as well as in order to maintain the factory life cycle indicators of the supporting structure of the wagon body, it is recommended to use the model in the first version.