Since the emerging of its idea circa four decades ago, Appropriate Technology (AT) had been proven as a comprehensive solution in a limited condition. However, practitioners & academia have different opinions with engineers on how an AT must be designed. Researchers had noted the crucial factors in the issue as such, and they gave a notion of the urgency for a dedicated design methodology for AT. This study, therefore, aims to provide it. Such methodology is developed by incorporating AT characteristics, fundamental issues in community empowerment, and the principles of existing design methodologies. The methodology emphasizes combination between bottom-up and top-down design approaches. It means that an AT must be started purely from local conditions rather than given technical specifications, and be given back to local people to be seamlessly integrated into their routines. It also underlines the crucial importance of community involvement throughout design stages. By looking at previous design methodologies that were developed based on pure Engineering Problem Solving (EPS), this study delivers a fresh and comprehensive one that covers surrounding issues and concepts to produce an AT based on the real meaning of technological appropriateness.

Environmental pollution caused by the improper processing of electronic waste, especially from mobile phones, has increased drastically. Governments in developing countries, including Indonesia, have not been ready to face this problem. Informal groups are reacting very fast, growing and spreading evenly in many places to profit through reverse logistics activities. They dominate the markets of used electronic products. Today, eradicating these groups is impossible due to poverty, low education, and unemployment problems. Competing with them is also useless. Therefore, this research aims to find an engagement model between government and intermediary businesses, both formal and informal, for a sustainable purpose. Before determining the model, we must understand the intermediary businesses’ expectations. Therefore, we interviewed eight respondents that represent each business group and used customer value chain analysis to map them. We found forty-one expectations. Seven are the most common but are difficult to realize since they contradict government regulations. To cope with the urgency of the current situation, we concluded that the government should engage directly with the needs of these businesses, and we recommend three models of engagement i.e., empowerment, collaboration, and involvement.

Small enterprises are essential in supporting economic growth, particularly in emerging countries. Due to their constrained resources and capacities, many small businesses in developing nations encounter intricate obstacles when trying to enter the global market rapidly. The study is intended to develop a theoretical framework that can reveal the essential and integrated resources, and capabilities in the internationalization process. Instead of literature investigations, multiple case studies were adopted to explore the process of achieving the international success of Indonesia’s export-oriented small enterprises. In-depth interviews with twelve small enterprises across the culinary, fashion, and craft sectors were conducted to collect qualitative data. A content analysis followed the input–process–output–outcome structure as the basis for developing the robust framework. Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV), this study reveals the synergistic role of production, networks, marketing, learning, and legal capabilities in creating competitive advantages that support business continuity and sustainability. Research findings reveal that successful internationalization is not achieved by a single capability but through an integrated bundle of capabilities that can serve market needs. This study contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive framework that maps the input–process–output–outcome structure of the internationalization process and offers practical insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to enhance SME competitiveness. The results underscore the importance of capability development and government support in facilitating SME global expansion. Ultimately, this study provides a basis for further investigation into the dynamic capabilities that SMEs need to thrive in international markets.

Food waste has increased significantly and become a global issue amidst a growing concern regarding famine in several countries. Food sharing constitutes the solution to the problem provided an appropriate framework is developed that guides its application. The sharing economy was touted as the appropriate framework, yet it is excessively macroscopic to be able to capture the dynamics of food sharing activities. A microscopic framework is required to overcome this problem, the concept of collaborative consumption with its focus on activity level being one potential solution. However, an investigation into how food sharing activities can be viewed as collaborative consumption should be completed. This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between food sharing activities and collaborative consumption. The authors employed a systematic literature review conducted by meta-analysis and content analysis to identify the commonalities between the two and the theories underlying them. The result is a conceptual framework of food sharing activities as a collaborative consumption practice. The framework highlights eight propositions that can explain the intention, performance, and continuity of food sharing activities. At the end of the paper, the authors outline the theoretical and managerial contributions and recommend future research activities.

Nowadays, the problem of waste has become crucial and challenging all over the world. Although the conventional approach in dealing with the problem...

Purpose: Strategy formulation is part of organization design study to evaluate decision thoroughly, then enable organization to achieve company goal. This study aims to formulate strategy of automation and digitalization for PT XYZ, to be ready for welcoming future growth of demand by maintain competitive cost within the same industry. Method: The study collects primary data from focus group discussion with selected participant of PT XYZ, located in Bandung, Indonesia, with participant selection based on information rich person reference. Data collection and analysis utilize qualitative and quantitative approach, and utilize three steps of strategy formulation (input stage, matching stage and decision stage). Results: Strategy formulation steps as per theory, applicable to finalize strategy to support industry 4.0 transformation at PT XYZ. Combine steps with latest internal and external factor analysis method, such as PESTLE, VRIO, Porter Value Chain analysis, and QSPM, help broaden the perspective of the participant during discussion. The study resulted eight strategies, which then simplified by data reduction approach to be four. Conclusions: The study successfully formulates PT XYZ's digital transformation strategy for Industry 4.0 by integrating comprehensive strategic tools such as PESTLE, Value Chain Analysis, VRIO, SWOT, TOWS, and QSPM. Strategy execution is prioritized in three phases: establishing an organizational hierarchy aligned with internal capabilities, adapting appropriate technologies to support human functions, and enhancing local and intercompany networks. Limitations: This study is limited by its qualitative reliance on focus group discussions, which may be influenced by participant bias and lack real-time implementation feedback. Contributions: By conducting this study, author expect it will prove the practical implementation of strategy formulation in industry 4.0 transformation for aerospace industry in Indonesia and Asia.