Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a vital strategy for addressing infrastructure development challenges worldwide, including in Pakistan. This study explores the challenges and effectiveness of PPP models in the construction sector in Pakistan, focusing on critical aspects of regulatory complexity, changing jurisdiction, coordination issues, financial constraints, and the absence of standardized resources. To gauge the effectiveness of different PPP models, the study examines the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), Design-Build-Operate-Maintain (DBOM), and Concession Agreement models. The BOT model has proven effective for large-scale infrastructure projects but remains vulnerable to political instability. The DBOM model faces financial and regulatory challenges, while concession agreements may encounter public accountability and stakeholder conflict issues. The study highlights that the choice of an appropriate PPP model in Pakistan should align with project-specific requirements and challenges. It underscores the significance of addressing political risks, regulatory issues, and ensuring transparent communication with stakeholders. In conclusion, the study offers insights into the challenges and effectiveness of PPP models in Pakistan's construction sector. It recommends the need for a coordinated approach among government entities, robust project screening and evaluation, transparent and competitive tendering processes, and thorough project monitoring. Additionally, it calls for the development of comprehensive guidelines and model documents. Future research should consider the contextual variations in different settings to enhance generalizability and employ a combination of data sources to mitigate interview bias. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on improving PPP implementation in Pakistan, with the potential for broader applicability in similar contexts.

The complex interplay between monetary policy, cash holdings, and their motives holds crucial importance for the economic stability, investment decisions, and financial resilience of a developing country like Pakistan. The nation is enduring a difficult period where it has a weak domestic currency, a burden of foreign debt and adverse exchange rates. Under this situation, corporate cash-holding decisions are highly influenced by monetary policy, making it crucial to explore the determinants of money demand by the business sector to extend monetary policy implications in Pakistan. In order to understand the wider effects of Pakistan's monetary policy, it is crucial to look into the elements that influence the demand for money inside the business sector. Therefore, the current study explores the determinants of money demand by the business sector for extending monetary policy applications in Pakistan and the non-linear association between cash holdings and their motives in order to assess if the priorities of business change with the change in the incidence of cash holding motives. The study used the panel quantile regression for 315 firms listed in the KSE index. The model is merited on its ability to address non-normal variables while handling the panel data sets. The results indicate that all the indicators of demand for cash by firms have a non-linear effect. Transaction and speculative motives have an inverted U-shaped effect, while precaution motives have U shaped effect.

This important study details how economically viable renewable energy systems are in building and construction. The document begins with an intriguing discussion of renewable energy's role in sustainable development and environmental protection. For this article, a thorough literature review examines theoretical frameworks and financial analysis methods that support adding renewable energy systems to construction projects.This study examines many scholarly journals, industry reports, and conference papers using a qualitative secondary research design and the new Onion Framework. Using ideas, real-world data, financial evaluations, and case studies, layered analysis can reveal complex details about renewable energy systems' building industry profitability. A full comparison is in "Results." This section includes numbers and case studies that demonstrate the financial importance of switching to renewable energy. Show how upfront costs, payback periods, IRR, and comparative cost analyses differ between traditional and renewable energy systems using tables and figures. This research is combined with others in the discussion to explain how renewable energy systems affect construction costs. In addition to economic benefits, it suggests more research on regional differences and policy changes. This study suggests renewable energy systems in construction could be profitable. Although these systems require different initial investments, they may be cost-effective over time. It shows how important renewable energy strategy is for financially and environmentally sustainable building.

Green finance has become essential in the twenty-first century, not only for environmental science but also for business. The current study aimed to determine how green funding contributes to the promotion of green construction. Moreover, to discover the factors and challenges hindering the relationship between Green Finance and Sustainable Construction. In addition, it provides strategies for improving sustainable construction through green finance. It was quantitative research. The study's design was descriptive, and the survey method was adopted to collect data. A causal-comparative design was utilized to find relationships between study variables. Green financing was the independent variable, and sustainable construction was the dependent variable. This study considered three important professionals: Building Contractors, Consultants, and Developers from Lahore, Punjab. A close-ended questionnaire comprised of a five-point rating scale was used as a data collection tool. The reliability and validity of research instruments were also determined. The researcher collected data through personal visits using questionnaires. Before collecting prior appointments were made, the purpose of the study was intimated to respondents, and the confidentiality of responses was assured. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, for example, Mean, Standard Deviation, and T-Test. The results of the study show that respondents had an overall favorable opinion of green financing, acknowledging both its availability and investors' interest in sustainable projects. A favorable outlook is further enhanced by favorable loan terms. Nonetheless, there are still issues facing the sustainable construction industry, with low initial costs and ignorance being the main barriers. Research has also made recommendations for future studies that aim to close the finance gap for green projects. It might also assist with the responsibilities that each party involved in the improvement of green finance must carry out.

Energy is widely recognized as a critical production factor across numerous industries. Energy efficiency is a method by which the expansion of energy consumption is managed and restrained. The main goal of this research is to investigate the financial implications of energy-efficient lighting in the building sector.The objectives of the paper were to: evaluate the current adoption and market share of energy-efficient lighting technologies in the construction sector, assess the economic impact of energy-efficient lighting, including cost-effectiveness, potential energy savings, and greenhouse gas emission reductions, analyze the effects of energy-efficient lighting on worker safety, productivity, and overall project costs in the construction sector, identify barriers to adoption and recommend policy changes and incentives to promote the widespread use of energy-efficient lighting in the construction sector in Pakistan.The methodology of the research follows the quantitative approach, data which was used to achieve the objectives includes literature, data sources, and project details on the construction industry from 2015 to 2021. Literature analysis and Data metrics were used to analyze of data.Studies found that energy-efficient lighting not only provides significant long-term cost savings but also improves environmental sustainability by lowering greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. Further, the literature analysis shows the beneficial relationship between adequate lighting and improved worker well-being as well as project efficiency, even though empirical data on these topics may be scarce.The study suggested that to overcome barriers and optimize the advantages of energy-efficient lighting, it is important to increase knowledge, provide financial incentives, improve access to eco-friendly construction materials, and strengthen compliance with building energy codes.

The goal of this project is to create a functional solar energy prototype that can automatically adjust the solar panel's orientation towards the highest intensity of light using sensors. The researchers also want to evaluate the system's effectiveness and the financial implications of its cost. The researchers developed a tilted single axis solar tracker (TSAT) that ensures the conversion of solar energy into electricity is improved by aligning the solar panel with the sun's actual position. A microcontroller controls a DC stepper motor, which moves a mini PV panel based on signals from two basic but efficient light sensors, in order to make the experimental model of the device work. The performance of the solar tracker was assessed and analyzed experimentally. The financial impact of a TSAT was also calculated. The researchers discovered that the tracked panel's financial impact was 7.5% lower than the tilted fixed panel's. 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