Reverse Logistics (RL) has become a critical challenge in supply chain management, especially for retail and e-commerce. With online shopping growth, product returns have increased due to sizing issues, quality concerns, and unmet customer expectations. This study analyzes return causes in online apparel shopping and proposes cost optimization strategies. Our findings show that understanding return drivers—fit issues, quality mismatches, and delivery delays—helps businesses reduce returns and enhance customer satisfaction. The research emphasizes adopting AI, blockchain, and IoT technologies to improve reverse logistics efficiency. Recommendations include implementing centralized return centers, automating supply chains, and educating customers to minimize costs. The study highlights RL's role in sustainability through recycling, refurbishment, and waste reduction practices. This research provides valuable insights for students, academics, and industry professionals seeking to address RL challenges and enhance supply chain sustainability in the apparel industry and beyond.

The rapid expansion of automobile service workshops in urban centres has intensified waste generation, environmental stress, and operational inefficiencies, particularly in emerging economies. Simultaneously, digital transformation has reshaped market ecosystems, influencing not only performance but also human well-being and life satisfaction. This work examines how digitally enabled sustainable reverse logistics practices contribute to waste minimisation, cost efficiency, and collective well-being within the urban automobile service sector. It focuses on the link between DRL and human well-being. The objective of this study is to develop a conceptual framework that illustrates this link. The findings propose a novel, human-centred DRL framework. The study highlights how digital tools for waste recovery can enhance environmental conditions and improve the perceived quality of urban life. The findings have direct implications for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking to align digital transformation strategies with human-centric sustainability goals.

Automobile service workshops generate multiple waste streams, including used tires, packaging, mineral oils, paints, solvents, and e-waste. Solid waste, such as tires and batteries, is clearly identifiable and has standardized waste streams, with research following established recovery markets. In contrast, filters, hoses, belts, brake materials, glass, small electronic parts, contaminated consumables, and replaced components are small-fraction wastes that often lack dedicated recovery routes. Reports suggest many are landfilled or mixed into scrap, though direct workshop data are scarce. The study follows a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 to screen relevant literature on problematic small-fraction wastes. Scopus and Web of Science were the primary databases. Thematic analysis of 84 reports produced a list of small-fraction solid waste generated by automobile repair and maintenance workshops. The findings were synthesized using the Antecedents–Decisions–Outcomes (ADO) framework. The study maps the reported collection, reuse, recycling, recovery, remanufacturing, and disposal pathways of each component. It highlights differences in current waste-management practices. Collection and segregation are recurring barriers; regional collection hubs and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) remain little tested in workshops. Major knowledge gaps and priority areas for future research on reverse logistics have been established.