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Prof. Chun-Han Ko
National Taiwan University

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0 Environmental Engineering
0 Biomass and bioenergy
0 pulp and paper
0 Sustaiability
0 Wood and cellulose

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Biomass and bioenergy

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Research article
Published: 24 June 2021 in International Journal of Phytoremediation
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Phytoextraction by native Taiwanese chenopod (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) and Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) for heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) was reported first. Maximum bioconcentration factors of Cu and Cr were 8.8 and 12.5 by Taiwanese chenopod. Napier grass cultivar Taishi No.4 plants demonstrated higher survivals than that of Taiwanese chenopod, under heavy metal stress in soils. All heavy metal accumulation and biomass data were employed, as well as historical engineering data were collected for conventional excavation-and-refill remediation of two sites. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for comparing environmental performances of phytoextraction and conventional remediation for two contaminated sites. Assuming one-year growth, three harvests were done and biomass was collected and sent to the nearest municipal incinerators, phytoextraction by both plants demonstrated superior environmental performances than conventional methods for contaminated site remediation. High quantities of fuels to haul the soils of conventional methods mainly contributed to the greenhouse gas emission. Phytoextraction has the most advantages for sites with lesser extents of pollution and time restraints. Environmental performances of phytoremediation were even better if energy recovered from biomass incineration is counted. Novelty statement Phytoextraction by native Taiwanese chenopod and Napier grass was firstly reported. Life cycle assessment was conducted for comparing the phytoextraction and conventional remediation. Phytoextraction demonstrated superior environmental performances. Energy reutilization of biomass recovered made phytoremediation more sustainable.

ACS Style

Lang-Dong Lin; Jian-Ren Ho; Bing-Yuan Yang; Chun-Han Ko; Fang-Chih Chang. Life cycle assessment of heavy metal contaminated sites: phytoremediation and soil excavation. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2021, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Lang-Dong Lin, Jian-Ren Ho, Bing-Yuan Yang, Chun-Han Ko, Fang-Chih Chang. Life cycle assessment of heavy metal contaminated sites: phytoremediation and soil excavation. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2021; ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lang-Dong Lin; Jian-Ren Ho; Bing-Yuan Yang; Chun-Han Ko; Fang-Chih Chang. 2021. "Life cycle assessment of heavy metal contaminated sites: phytoremediation and soil excavation." International Journal of Phytoremediation , no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2020 in Sustainability
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In Taiwan, 3,130,735 t of refuse for disposal and 4,113,808 t of recycled recyclable waste were generated in 2017. The government of Taiwan has been actively promoting a resource recycling program since July 1998. To pursue sustainability and locate waste minimization opportunities, the correlation between utility consumption and population and the quantity of refuse and recyclable waste from municipalities in Taiwan was studied. There are six special municipalities and 16 cities and counties covering a great variety of urbanization and settlement characteristics, such as registered populations, electricity, and water consumption. The above parameters of the municipalities were correlated with the quantities of refuse and recycled urban waste. Residential electricity consumption, overall population, and business electricity consumption were found to be major parameters correlating the generation of refuse and recycled urban waste. Due to their higher levels of business activities, the waste generation behaviours of these six special municipalities are more diverse than those of the 16 municipalities. Due to the discrepancy of the registered population system, the utility consumption values within administrative boundaries can better predict municipal solid waste, (MSW) generation than utility consumption at a per capita. Utility consumption within administrative boundaries is more convenient as a measure to predict refuse and recycled urban waste than other complex social–economic indicators.

ACS Style

Hsin-Chen Sung; Yiong-Shing Sheu; Bing-Yuan Yang; Chun-Han Ko. Municipal Solid Waste and Utility Consumption in Taiwan. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3425 .

AMA Style

Hsin-Chen Sung, Yiong-Shing Sheu, Bing-Yuan Yang, Chun-Han Ko. Municipal Solid Waste and Utility Consumption in Taiwan. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3425.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hsin-Chen Sung; Yiong-Shing Sheu; Bing-Yuan Yang; Chun-Han Ko. 2020. "Municipal Solid Waste and Utility Consumption in Taiwan." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3425.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Cellulose, the most abundant terrestrial biopolymer, has immense potential for a range of applications, such as textiles, biomedical applications, and sustainable building components. Due to the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic materials, various alkaline and acid pretreatment methods have been developed to recover mono sugars for fermentation. Simultaneous production of bioethanol and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from pretreated Formosan alder biomass was conducted in two stages. Formosan alder biomass was treated using unbleached kraft (UEK), acid steam explosion (SEP), and bleached acid steam explosion (BSEP) and hydrolyzed using cellulase. Filter paper (FP) and alpha-cellulose were used as positive controls. Bioethanol fermentation using E. coli Ko11 was conducted. Residual biomass was further recovered to produce NCC. After 96 h enzyme hydrolysis, the highest sugar yields were 383.4 and 329.84 mg glucose/g biomass for the FP and UEK samples. The highest bioethanol fermentation yields were 4.18 and 3.62 g bioethanol/g biomass for FP and UEK samples. During enzyme hydrolysis of the biomass, crystallinity increased. NCC yields were 613.93 nm (68%) and 1583 nm (73%) for the FP and UEK samples. The negative impact of lignin content was reflected in the particle length of the final NCC. Further lignin removal is required for optimal NCC production. This study showed that Formosan alder biomass could be used to produce both bioethanol and NCC.

ACS Style

Chun-Han Ko; Bing-Yuan Yang; Lang-Dong Lin; Fang-Chih Chang; Wen-Hua Chen. Impact of pretreatment methods on production of bioethanol and nanocrystalline cellulose. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 254, 119914 .

AMA Style

Chun-Han Ko, Bing-Yuan Yang, Lang-Dong Lin, Fang-Chih Chang, Wen-Hua Chen. Impact of pretreatment methods on production of bioethanol and nanocrystalline cellulose. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 254 ():119914.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chun-Han Ko; Bing-Yuan Yang; Lang-Dong Lin; Fang-Chih Chang; Wen-Hua Chen. 2019. "Impact of pretreatment methods on production of bioethanol and nanocrystalline cellulose." Journal of Cleaner Production 254, no. : 119914.

Data article
Published: 04 October 2019 in Data in Brief
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Assessing the biomass-based bioenergy production potential of nations is heavily dependent on the import source of fossil fuels. Taiwan can alleviate its fossil fuel dependency and greenhouse gas emissions. Key information (including published statistics and calculations) on biomass waste production from rice paddies in Taiwan considering the full production of available rice paddies was included in this study. In addition, key information on biomass waste production from forest sectors in Taiwan considering enhanced domestic production and the imported sources of harvested wood products (HWP) was also included. The volumes of decayed HWP could be used to predict available biomass waste for bioenergy production. The results of this study assist with the recent evaluation of the potential of the most prevailing available sources of biomass waste, rice paddies and forest sectors, for bioenergy generation, e.g. for more insight please see “Potential of Bioenergy Production from Biomass Wastes of Rice Paddies and Forest Sectors in Taiwan” [1].

ACS Style

Keng-Hao Chang; Kuo-Ren Lou; Chun-Han Ko. Dataset of biomass waste of rice paddies and forest sectors supporting the assessment of the potential for bioenergy production in Taiwan. Data in Brief 2019, 27, 104613 .

AMA Style

Keng-Hao Chang, Kuo-Ren Lou, Chun-Han Ko. Dataset of biomass waste of rice paddies and forest sectors supporting the assessment of the potential for bioenergy production in Taiwan. Data in Brief. 2019; 27 ():104613.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keng-Hao Chang; Kuo-Ren Lou; Chun-Han Ko. 2019. "Dataset of biomass waste of rice paddies and forest sectors supporting the assessment of the potential for bioenergy production in Taiwan." Data in Brief 27, no. : 104613.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2019 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Refining is the major process of paper formation. This study focuses on the impact of a specific enzyme (Paenibacillus cellulase) for fibers on the surfaces, the roughness and height of the fibers are also investigated. Effects of enzyme dosages and the mechanical refining action (PFI revolution) on fiber physical properties were also analyzed. The fibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), their roughness and height were analyzed by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results show that the Paenibacillus cellulase pretreatment increased the drainability of both kinds of pulp at the same level of refining energy. In other words, enzymatic treatment on pulp refining consumed less refining revolutions to reach the same drainability compared to the untreated pulp. Although the viscosity of both kinds of pulp was degraded with the enzymatic treatment, the physical properties of paper had no significantly negative influence on them. The results indicated the treatment with cellulase swelled the fibers in the absence of refining, and there were better fibrillation on the fibers treated with cellulase after refining. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of AFM suggested that both kinds of pulp treated with low cellulase dosage with PFI refining had higher roughness.

ACS Style

Chun-Han Ko; Chien-Ying Yang; Fang-Chih Chang; Lang-Dong Lin. Effect of Paenibacillus cellulase pretreatment for fiber surface. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 241, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Chun-Han Ko, Chien-Ying Yang, Fang-Chih Chang, Lang-Dong Lin. Effect of Paenibacillus cellulase pretreatment for fiber surface. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 241 ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chun-Han Ko; Chien-Ying Yang; Fang-Chih Chang; Lang-Dong Lin. 2019. "Effect of Paenibacillus cellulase pretreatment for fiber surface." Journal of Environmental Management 241, no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 06 October 2018 in Sustainability
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Autoclaving of food wastes (FW) for the resource recovery and reutilization was studied using the pilot plant scale. Experiments were conducted at various temperatures of 408, 428, and 438 K and times of 15 and 60 min. The in-filled steam to the autoclave was supplied by the incineration plant with a gauge pressure of 7 kg/cm2 and a temperature of 443 K or above. The results obtained from the experiments show that the less energy- and time-consuming autoclaving conditions (408 K and 15 min, denoted as Case A408-15) are effective. Comparisons of the properties and characteristics of autoclaved FW (FWA) of Case A408-15 with those of FW are made. The wet bulk volume and wet bulk density of FW A are dramatically reduced to 15.64% and increased to 313.37% relative to those of FW, respectively. This makes the subsequent processing and reuse for FWA more convenient than FW. The autoclaving results in an increase of carbon content and a decrease of nitrogen content, and thus an increase of the C/N ratio of FWA. The contents of sulfur, hemi-cellulose, and cellulose of FWA are also reduced. All these fluctuations are beneficial for making compost or other usages from FWA than FW. The autoclaved liquid product (LA) separated from FWA and liquid condensate (LC) from the released gas possess high COD and TOC. These two liquids can be mixed for use as liquid fertilizers with proper conditioning. Alternatively, further anaerobic digestion of the mixture of FWA, LA, and LC can offer enhanced biogas production for power generation. All these thus match the appeal of sustainable materials management and circular economy. The emitted gas from autoclaving contains no CO and some hydrocarbons. Suitable air pollution control is needed. The results and information obtained are useful for the proper recovery and reuse of abundant food wastes from domestic households and food industries.

ACS Style

Chia-Chi Chang; Yen-Hau Chen; Yi-Shiou Lin; Zang-Sei Hung; Min-Hao Yuan; Ching-Yuan Chang; Yuan-Shen Li; Je-Lueng Shie; Yi-Hung Chen; Yen-Chi Wang; Chun-Han Ko; Far-Ching Lin; Chungfang Ho; Bo-Liang Liu; Kuang-Wei Liu; Shi-Guan Wang. A Pilot Plant Study on the Autoclaving of Food Wastes for Resource Recovery and Reutilization. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3566 .

AMA Style

Chia-Chi Chang, Yen-Hau Chen, Yi-Shiou Lin, Zang-Sei Hung, Min-Hao Yuan, Ching-Yuan Chang, Yuan-Shen Li, Je-Lueng Shie, Yi-Hung Chen, Yen-Chi Wang, Chun-Han Ko, Far-Ching Lin, Chungfang Ho, Bo-Liang Liu, Kuang-Wei Liu, Shi-Guan Wang. A Pilot Plant Study on the Autoclaving of Food Wastes for Resource Recovery and Reutilization. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3566.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chia-Chi Chang; Yen-Hau Chen; Yi-Shiou Lin; Zang-Sei Hung; Min-Hao Yuan; Ching-Yuan Chang; Yuan-Shen Li; Je-Lueng Shie; Yi-Hung Chen; Yen-Chi Wang; Chun-Han Ko; Far-Ching Lin; Chungfang Ho; Bo-Liang Liu; Kuang-Wei Liu; Shi-Guan Wang. 2018. "A Pilot Plant Study on the Autoclaving of Food Wastes for Resource Recovery and Reutilization." Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3566.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Promoting biofuel to replace fossil fuels and alternative utilization schemes to replace conventional measures of biomass waste disposal have been considered a priority to mitigate CO2 emissions. Despite fewer land resources and higher reliance on imported energy and raw material resources, the potential for bioenergy supply in a place like Taiwan should be fully investigated. This paper presents a case study regarding the utilization of waste biomass derived from an enhanced production of rice paddy and from the forest sector in Taiwan for biofuel production. In this study, the carbon balance for the two aforementioned bioenergy production scenarios was calculated. The amount of biomass waste expected to be derived from rice husk and rice straw produced from currently planted paddy and from reactivated fallow rice paddy was estimated. Forest sector wastes consist of biomass derived from processing domestically harvested and post-consumer harvested wood products. The projection was made up to 2065. The overall annual bioenergy providing potential of the biomass, estimated by this study, to replace gasoline through bioethanol production and residual combustion and to substitute coal for power generation via combustion were approximately 222.37 PJ and 206.77 PJ, respectively. These values represent 332.56 % and 323.24 % of the current level of bioenergy supplies, compared to the 76.4 PJ from biomass and waste incineration in 2016. This is the first time the bioenergy potential of post-consumer harvested wood products is being identified.

ACS Style

Keng-Hao Chang; Kuo-Ren Lou; Chun-Han Ko. Potential of bioenergy production from biomass wastes of rice paddies and forest sectors in Taiwan. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 206, 460 -476.

AMA Style

Keng-Hao Chang, Kuo-Ren Lou, Chun-Han Ko. Potential of bioenergy production from biomass wastes of rice paddies and forest sectors in Taiwan. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 206 ():460-476.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keng-Hao Chang; Kuo-Ren Lou; Chun-Han Ko. 2018. "Potential of bioenergy production from biomass wastes of rice paddies and forest sectors in Taiwan." Journal of Cleaner Production 206, no. : 460-476.

Journal article
Published: 24 August 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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This study focuses on the production chains that produce plybamboo for use. The production chains were investigated using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, which takes into account all of the input and output flows occurring along the production chain. The results show that the major processing type of plybamboo production is mechanical processing. The characterization of various materials demonstrates that bleached glue-laminated bamboo boards exert the greatest potential environmental impact in terms of power consumption during the three-layer lamination process; in particular, the category with the highest environmental impact is respiratory inorganics. Therefore, energy consumption and productivity are the key factors of the potential environmental impact. The comparison of the two treatment types revealed that the bleached glue-laminated bamboo boards have a lower environmental impact in all four categories than their heat-treated counterparts. The impact of the processing mainly originates from the steps of hot pressing, drying and using chemicals. The comparative results show that plybamboo has a low environmental impact, but the impact is higher than that of concrete. Concerning the carbon storage of plybamboo, using plybamboo has environmental benefits in the impact categories of climate change and global warming. Although plybamboo has a low impact in the impact categories of climate change and global warming, it has a high impact in other impact categories. Therefore, policy makers should consider the highest impact of the aforementioned processing steps and should use energy-saving and high productivity equipment to reduce the environmental impact.

ACS Style

Fang-Chih Chang; Kun-Sheng Chen; Ping-Yuan Yang; Chun-Han Ko. Environmental benefit of utilizing bamboo material based on life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 204, 60 -69.

AMA Style

Fang-Chih Chang, Kun-Sheng Chen, Ping-Yuan Yang, Chun-Han Ko. Environmental benefit of utilizing bamboo material based on life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 204 ():60-69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fang-Chih Chang; Kun-Sheng Chen; Ping-Yuan Yang; Chun-Han Ko. 2018. "Environmental benefit of utilizing bamboo material based on life cycle assessment." Journal of Cleaner Production 204, no. : 60-69.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Fang-Chih Chang; Chun-Han Ko; Ping-Yuan Yang; Kun-Sheng Chen; Keng-Hao Chang. Carbon sequestration and substitution potential of subtropical mountain Sugi plantation forests in central Taiwan. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 167, 1099 -1105.

AMA Style

Fang-Chih Chang, Chun-Han Ko, Ping-Yuan Yang, Kun-Sheng Chen, Keng-Hao Chang. Carbon sequestration and substitution potential of subtropical mountain Sugi plantation forests in central Taiwan. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 167 ():1099-1105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fang-Chih Chang; Chun-Han Ko; Ping-Yuan Yang; Kun-Sheng Chen; Keng-Hao Chang. 2017. "Carbon sequestration and substitution potential of subtropical mountain Sugi plantation forests in central Taiwan." Journal of Cleaner Production 167, no. : 1099-1105.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis
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ACS Style

Yen-Hau Chen; Chia-Chi Chang; Ching-Yuan Chang; Min-Hao Yuan; Dar-Ren Ji; Je-Lueng Shie; Chiu-Hsuan Lee; Yi-Hung Chen; Wei-Ren Chang; Tzu-Yi Yang; Tsung-Chi Hsu; Michael Huang; Chao-Hsiung Wu; Far-Ching Lin; Chun-Han Ko. Production of a solid bio-fuel from waste bamboo chopsticks by torrefaction for cofiring with coal. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 2017, 126, 315 -322.

AMA Style

Yen-Hau Chen, Chia-Chi Chang, Ching-Yuan Chang, Min-Hao Yuan, Dar-Ren Ji, Je-Lueng Shie, Chiu-Hsuan Lee, Yi-Hung Chen, Wei-Ren Chang, Tzu-Yi Yang, Tsung-Chi Hsu, Michael Huang, Chao-Hsiung Wu, Far-Ching Lin, Chun-Han Ko. Production of a solid bio-fuel from waste bamboo chopsticks by torrefaction for cofiring with coal. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2017; 126 ():315-322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yen-Hau Chen; Chia-Chi Chang; Ching-Yuan Chang; Min-Hao Yuan; Dar-Ren Ji; Je-Lueng Shie; Chiu-Hsuan Lee; Yi-Hung Chen; Wei-Ren Chang; Tzu-Yi Yang; Tsung-Chi Hsu; Michael Huang; Chao-Hsiung Wu; Far-Ching Lin; Chun-Han Ko. 2017. "Production of a solid bio-fuel from waste bamboo chopsticks by torrefaction for cofiring with coal." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 126, no. : 315-322.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2017 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Oil meal is a by-product of the oil industry (peanut meal, sesame meal, and camellia meal). Oil is extracted from seeds, and the leftover meal is then pelletized, and this process generates a large amount of waste oil meal in Taiwan. In this study, peanut meal, sesame meal, and camellia meal derived fuels were prepared from the waste oil meal with waste cooking oil. The combustion behaviors of the oil meal derived fuels were also investigated. The characteristics of the derived fuel made from oil meal with waste cooking oil showed that the ash content is less than 10% and its calorific value reached 5000 kcal/kg. Additionally, the activation energy of the oil meal and waste cooking oil was analyzed by the Kissinger method. The results show that the fuel prepared in this work from the oil meal mixed with waste cooking oil is suitable for use as an alternative fuel and also avoids food safety issues.

ACS Style

Fang-Chih Chang; Ming-Jer Tsai; Chun-Han Ko. Agricultural waste derived fuel from oil meal and waste cooking oil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 25, 5223 -5230.

AMA Style

Fang-Chih Chang, Ming-Jer Tsai, Chun-Han Ko. Agricultural waste derived fuel from oil meal and waste cooking oil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 25 (6):5223-5230.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fang-Chih Chang; Ming-Jer Tsai; Chun-Han Ko. 2017. "Agricultural waste derived fuel from oil meal and waste cooking oil." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 6: 5223-5230.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2017 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Using plants to absorb and accumulate heavy metals from polluted soil, followed by the recycling of explants containing heavy metals, can help achieve the goal of reverting contaminated soil to low heavy-metal content soil. However, the re-use of recovered explants can also be problematic. Meanwhile, bioethanol has become a popular energy source. In this study, napier grass was used for the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals (artificially contaminated soil). The influence of bioethanol production from napier grass after phytoremediation was also investigated. The concentration of Zn, Cd, and Cr in the contaminated soil was 1000, 100, and 250 mg/kg, respectively. After napier grass phytoremediation, the concentration (dry biomass) of Zn, Cd, and Cr in the explants was 2701.97 ± 173.49, 6.1 ± 2.3, and 74.24 ± 1.42 mg/kg, respectively. Biomass production in the unpolluted soil was 861.13 ± 4.23 g. The biomass production ratio in high Zn-polluted soil was only 3.89%, while it was 4.68% for Cd and 21.4% for Cr. The biomass obtained after napier grass phytoremediation was pretreated using the steam explosion conditions of 180 °C, for 10 min, with 1.5% H2SO2, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis for Zn-polluted biomass was 90% of the unpolluted biomass, while it was 77% for Cd, and approximately the same for Cr. The fermentation efficiency of the heavy-metal-containing biomass was higher than the control biomass. The fermentation ethanol concentration obtained was 8.69–12.68, 13.03–15.50, and 18.48–19.31 g/L in Zn, Cd, and Cr environments, respectively. Results show that the heavy metals had a positive effect on bacteria fermentation. However, the fermentation efficiency was lower for biomass with severe heavy metal pollution. Thus, the utilization of napier grass phytoremediation for bioethanol production has a positive effect on the sustainability of environmental resources.

ACS Style

Chun-Han Ko; Fan-Chun Yu; Fang-Chih Chang; Bing-Yuan Yang; Wen-Hua Chen; Wen-Song Hwang; Ta-Chih Tu. Bioethanol production from recovered napier grass with heavy metals. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 203, 1005 -1010.

AMA Style

Chun-Han Ko, Fan-Chun Yu, Fang-Chih Chang, Bing-Yuan Yang, Wen-Hua Chen, Wen-Song Hwang, Ta-Chih Tu. Bioethanol production from recovered napier grass with heavy metals. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 203 ():1005-1010.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chun-Han Ko; Fan-Chun Yu; Fang-Chih Chang; Bing-Yuan Yang; Wen-Hua Chen; Wen-Song Hwang; Ta-Chih Tu. 2017. "Bioethanol production from recovered napier grass with heavy metals." Journal of Environmental Management 203, no. : 1005-1010.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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10th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES), Aug 27-Oct 2, 2015, Dubrovnik, CroatiaClimate change is receiving an ever-increasing attention due to the accelerated global warming. Undoubtedly, CO2 from anthropogenic sources is the major contributor to this undesirable effect and thus, there has been a growing attempt to curb it. Utilization of biofuels to replace fossil fuels has been considered a viable method to mitigate CO2 emissions. However, there has been some concern about the indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the production and consumption of biofuels, such as land-use change, carbon leakage, and biomass transportation. It was suggested that these indirect factors can increase the CO2 emission and may offset the benefits of CO2 sequestration from biofuel utilization. In this study, all these challenges in biofuel production have been comprehensively reviewed and the importance of using the agricultural residues for biofuel production in countries with high reliance on agricultural development has been emphasized upon. A case study for the utilization of the agricultural residues in the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS) for biofuel production has been presented and the carbon balance for different bioenergy production scenarios in five Southeast Asian countries has been calculated. The results of the regression models show that Thailand and Lao PDR have the highest and lowest amounts of biomass residues per unit mass crop, respectively, suggesting the substantial differences in the harvesting technologies and/or economics of those countries. The overall annual CO2 sequestration potentials of the biomass for replacing gasoline through bioethanol production, and for substituting coal for power generation via anaerobic digestion and gasification have been determined to be approximately 104/ Tg and 488 Tg, respectively. It has been suggested that using the crop residues as feedstock for the second generation biofuel production without affecting the food market could indeed provide considerable carbon credits for sustainable agricultural development as the major industry in the developing countries.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineerin

ACS Style

Chun-Han Ko; Sumate Chaiprapat; Lee-Hyung Kim; Pejman Hadi; Shu-Chien Hsu; Shao-Yuan Leu. Carbon sequestration potential via energy harvesting from agricultural biomass residues in Mekong River basin, Southeast Asia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017, 68, 1051 -1062.

AMA Style

Chun-Han Ko, Sumate Chaiprapat, Lee-Hyung Kim, Pejman Hadi, Shu-Chien Hsu, Shao-Yuan Leu. Carbon sequestration potential via energy harvesting from agricultural biomass residues in Mekong River basin, Southeast Asia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2017; 68 ():1051-1062.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chun-Han Ko; Sumate Chaiprapat; Lee-Hyung Kim; Pejman Hadi; Shu-Chien Hsu; Shao-Yuan Leu. 2017. "Carbon sequestration potential via energy harvesting from agricultural biomass residues in Mekong River basin, Southeast Asia." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 68, no. : 1051-1062.

Research article
Published: 29 December 2016 in BioMed Research International
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An antiadhesion barrier membrane is an important biomaterial for protecting tissue from postsurgical complications. However, there is room to improve these membranes. Recently, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) incorporated with hyaluronic acid (HA) as an antiadhesion barrier membrane and drug delivery system has been reported to provide excellent tissue regeneration and biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to fabricate a novel hydrogel membrane composed of berberine-enriched CMC prepared from bark of theP. amurensetree and HA (PE-CMC/HA). In vitro anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated to determine possible clinical applications. The PE-CMC/HA membranes were fabricated by mixing PE-CMC and HA as a base with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol to form a film. Tensile strength and ultramorphology of the membrane were evaluated using a universal testing machine and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Berberine content of the membrane was confirmed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 260 nm. Anti-inflammatory property of the membrane was measured using a Griess reaction assay. Our results showed that fabricated PE-CMC/HA releases berberine at a concentration of 660 μg/ml while optimal plasticity was obtained at a 30 : 70 PE-CMC/HA ratio. The berberine-enriched PE-CMC/HA had an inhibited 60% of inflammation stimulated by LPS. These results suggest that the PE-CMC/HA membrane fabricated in this study is a useful anti-inflammatory berberine release system.

ACS Style

Yu-Chih Huang; Kuen-Yu Huang; Bing-Yuan Yang; Chun-Han Ko; Haw-Ming Huang. Fabrication of Novel Hydrogel with Berberine-Enriched Carboxymethylcellulose and Hyaluronic Acid as an Anti-Inflammatory Barrier Membrane. BioMed Research International 2016, 2016, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Yu-Chih Huang, Kuen-Yu Huang, Bing-Yuan Yang, Chun-Han Ko, Haw-Ming Huang. Fabrication of Novel Hydrogel with Berberine-Enriched Carboxymethylcellulose and Hyaluronic Acid as an Anti-Inflammatory Barrier Membrane. BioMed Research International. 2016; 2016 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu-Chih Huang; Kuen-Yu Huang; Bing-Yuan Yang; Chun-Han Ko; Haw-Ming Huang. 2016. "Fabrication of Novel Hydrogel with Berberine-Enriched Carboxymethylcellulose and Hyaluronic Acid as an Anti-Inflammatory Barrier Membrane." BioMed Research International 2016, no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2016 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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More than 95% of energy supplies for Taiwan are imported. Conversely, approximately 150,000 ha half-fallow and 50,000 ha fallow paddy fields exist because of increasing labor costs and competition from rice imports. The potential for energy crop production from such underutilized paddy fields merits significant attention. However, selecting crops for optimal environmental performance when producing bioethanol is equally important. The life cycle assessments (LCAs) of rice straw (agricultural waste), Napier grass (energy crop), and Eucalyptus spp. (short rotation coppice) as bioethanol feedstocks in such fallow paddy fields were investigated in this study. The LCAs of two schemes for on-site fermentation waste utilization were also investigated as pellet fuel and molded pulp feedstocks. Experimental and field survey data were used in this study. Due to higher biomass yields, Napier grass and Eucalyptus spp. resulted in 47% and 28%, respectively, less weight-based negative impacts compared to rice. Pursuing high bioethanol production requires consideration of the overall environmental loading. Conversely, the rankings of the three crops based on acreage and bioethanol yield differed due to extensive farming practices and bioethanol conversion yields. On-site production of pellet fuel using fermentation waste was 7% and 31% higher than that of Eucalyptus biomass pellets and imported coal, respectively, for Taiwan. On-site production of molded pulp products using fermentation waste was 5% and 49% higher than that of recycled newspaper and virgin chemical pulp, respectively, for Taiwan. Thus, fermentation waste utilization schemes could provide a broader evaluation for planning alternative crops for bioethanol production.

ACS Style

Fang-Chih Chang; Lang-Dong Lin; Chun-Han Ko; Hsin-Chuan Hsieh; Bing-Yuan Yang; Wen-Hua Chen; Wen-Song Hwang. Life cycle assessment of bioethanol production from three feedstocks and two fermentation waste reutilization schemes. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 143, 973 -979.

AMA Style

Fang-Chih Chang, Lang-Dong Lin, Chun-Han Ko, Hsin-Chuan Hsieh, Bing-Yuan Yang, Wen-Hua Chen, Wen-Song Hwang. Life cycle assessment of bioethanol production from three feedstocks and two fermentation waste reutilization schemes. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 143 ():973-979.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fang-Chih Chang; Lang-Dong Lin; Chun-Han Ko; Hsin-Chuan Hsieh; Bing-Yuan Yang; Wen-Hua Chen; Wen-Song Hwang. 2016. "Life cycle assessment of bioethanol production from three feedstocks and two fermentation waste reutilization schemes." Journal of Cleaner Production 143, no. : 973-979.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2016 in BioResources
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Bamboo is used as a raw material for producing chopsticks, artifacts, utensils, plywood, fiberboard, and decorated multi-layered panels. The manufacturing process generates a large amount of bamboo residual waste. In this study, bamboo-derived fuels were prepared from the residual waste of Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Phyllostachys makinoi, and Phyllostachys pubescens. The combustion behaviors of bamboo-derived fuels were also investigated. The characteristics of derived fuels made from bamboo waste with engine oil waste showed that the ash content was less than 5% and that the calorific value reached 5,000 kcal/kg, which was higher than derived fuels standards. Additionally, the derived fuel of bamboo waste had a high combustion efficiency and low nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine emission levels, which were lower than the derived fuels standards. Thus, bamboo-derived fuel prepared from Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Phyllostachys makinoi, and Phyllostachys pubescens waste mixed with engine oil waste is a suitable fuel alternative.

ACS Style

Lang-Dong Lin; Fang-Chih Chang; Chun-Han Ko; Chieh-Ting Wang. Bamboo-Derived Fuel from Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Phyllostachys makinoi, and Phyllostachys pubescens Waste. BioResources 2016, 11, 8425-8434 .

AMA Style

Lang-Dong Lin, Fang-Chih Chang, Chun-Han Ko, Chieh-Ting Wang. Bamboo-Derived Fuel from Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Phyllostachys makinoi, and Phyllostachys pubescens Waste. BioResources. 2016; 11 (4):8425-8434.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lang-Dong Lin; Fang-Chih Chang; Chun-Han Ko; Chieh-Ting Wang. 2016. "Bamboo-Derived Fuel from Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Phyllostachys makinoi, and Phyllostachys pubescens Waste." BioResources 11, no. 4: 8425-8434.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2016 in Talanta
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A highly sensitive liquid chromatographic method was developed for the fluorometric determination of trace amounts of linear aliphatic primary amines. Prior to extraction, amines were derivatized with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) in the presence of cyanide ion (CN) and extracted by vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (VALLME). The optimum conditions were as follows: derivatization reaction time for 5 min in 2.0 mL aqueous donor samples with 50 μM NDA/CN, and 10 mM borate buffer at pH 9; vortex extraction time for 20 sec in the VALLME step with 50 μL of isooctane as the extractant phase; centrifugation for 1 min at 6000 rpm. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) were between 0.01 and 0.04 nmol L−1. The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0.1–20 nmol L−1. In comparison with o-phthalaldehyde/2-mercaptoethanol derivatization, the method has much more stable fluorescent derivatives, higher fluorescence intensities, and greater extraction efficiencies. The sensitivity enhancement factors (SEF) were between 2 and 70, which were in good agreement with the theoretical values calculated from partition coefficients in VALLME system.

ACS Style

Chin-Yi Wang; Shu-Yin Tung; Yu-Shiu Lo; Hsien-Lu Huang; Chun-Han Ko; Chien-Hou Wu. Sensitivity enhancement in the fluorometric determination of aliphatic amines using naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde derivatization followed by vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction. Talanta 2016, 152, 475 -481.

AMA Style

Chin-Yi Wang, Shu-Yin Tung, Yu-Shiu Lo, Hsien-Lu Huang, Chun-Han Ko, Chien-Hou Wu. Sensitivity enhancement in the fluorometric determination of aliphatic amines using naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde derivatization followed by vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction. Talanta. 2016; 152 ():475-481.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chin-Yi Wang; Shu-Yin Tung; Yu-Shiu Lo; Hsien-Lu Huang; Chun-Han Ko; Chien-Hou Wu. 2016. "Sensitivity enhancement in the fluorometric determination of aliphatic amines using naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde derivatization followed by vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction." Talanta 152, no. : 475-481.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2015 in BioResources
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Rice straw cellulosic ethanol fermentation waste (CEFW) and municipal solid waste derived fiber (MSWF) were used as alternative fibers for recycled paper making. The fibers were mixed with old newspaper (ONP) fiber at different mass ratios to produce standard recycled papers and paperboards. A “green” adhesive binder derived from kraft black liquor (BLDB) was used to improve the physical properties of the waste-derived paper products. The values of these properties increased linearly with increasing average fiber lengths, regardless of the type of fiber used in the products. BLDB improved the physical properties of the products by 50% for papers and 85% for paperboards, and the performance of this binder was comparable to a commercial urea formaldehyde resin binder. Thermal pressing, however, did not improve the physical properties of the binder-enhanced paper products. With the addition of the adhesive binder, CEFW and MSWF showed reasonable substitution potential for ONP fiber by providing suitable tensile and bursting strength in the recycled paper products. The critical fiber length, which produced the minimum strength properties for the recycled paper products, was approximately 1020 m.

ACS Style

Chun-Han Ko; Shao-Yuan Leu; Chia-Chi Chang; Ching-Yuan Chang; Yi-Chung Wang; Ya-Nang Wang. Combining Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Waste and Municipal Solid Waste-derived Fiber with a Kraft Black Liquor-derived Binder for Recycled Paper Making. BioResources 2015, 10, 5744-5757 .

AMA Style

Chun-Han Ko, Shao-Yuan Leu, Chia-Chi Chang, Ching-Yuan Chang, Yi-Chung Wang, Ya-Nang Wang. Combining Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Waste and Municipal Solid Waste-derived Fiber with a Kraft Black Liquor-derived Binder for Recycled Paper Making. BioResources. 2015; 10 (3):5744-5757.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chun-Han Ko; Shao-Yuan Leu; Chia-Chi Chang; Ching-Yuan Chang; Yi-Chung Wang; Ya-Nang Wang. 2015. "Combining Cellulosic Ethanol Fermentation Waste and Municipal Solid Waste-derived Fiber with a Kraft Black Liquor-derived Binder for Recycled Paper Making." BioResources 10, no. 3: 5744-5757.

Journal article
Published: 11 February 2015 in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
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Wireless multicast is a promising technology for delivering information from a server to multiple users. Through wireless multicast, the server can fulfill the data requirement of multiple users by simply transmitting a single copy of data contents, which increases the efficient usage of radio resources. This paper considers a multi-flow multicast scenario where a base station (BS) is capable of sending multiple data flows to multiple multicast groups. To configure the multicast and achieve optimal resource allocation, the BS may require the feedback of the channel-quality information (CQI) from the users. The CQI is, in general, the users' private information as only the users can directly measure their channel qualities. However, the selfish users may manipulate the multicast configuration through untruthful feedback to increase their own performance. Regarding this issue, we propose a multicast resource allocation mechanism with the designs of the pricing scheme and the weighted water-filling resource allocation. Our analysis shows that the proposed mechanism can elicit the true CQI from the users (strategy-proofness), avoiding any manipulation of multicast configuration and thereby guaranteeing efficient and fair network operation.

ACS Style

Chun-Han Ko; Ching-Chun Chou; Hsiang-Yun Meng; Hung-Yu Wei. Strategy-Proof Resource Allocation Mechanism for Multi-Flow Wireless Multicast. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2015, 14, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Chun-Han Ko, Ching-Chun Chou, Hsiang-Yun Meng, Hung-Yu Wei. Strategy-Proof Resource Allocation Mechanism for Multi-Flow Wireless Multicast. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. 2015; 14 (6):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chun-Han Ko; Ching-Chun Chou; Hsiang-Yun Meng; Hung-Yu Wei. 2015. "Strategy-Proof Resource Allocation Mechanism for Multi-Flow Wireless Multicast." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 14, no. 6: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2015 in BioResources
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Xylanase, pectinase complex, and BL11 pectinase were employed for the pretreatment of gampi and paper mulberry bast fiber pulps prior to chlorine dioxide bleaching. The bleaching efficiencies of the pulps with different enzymatic pretreatments were investigated. Accelerated aging by heat-humidity treatment was also conducted to evaluate yellowing phenomena and to estimate the prevention of brightness reversion (brightness retention) by enzymatic pretreatment. The order of active chlorine required with respect to pretreatment was pectinase complex > xylanase > BL11 pectinase for soda and soda/oxalate gampi pulps and pectinase complex > BL11 pectinase > xylanase for soda and soda/oxalate paper mulberry pulps. Higher brightness retention values were observed for soda/oxalate pulps compared to soda pulps. The brightness retention levels for gampi pulps and mulberry pulps after ClO2 bleaching with enzymatic pretreatment were higher than the levels of ClO2 and NaClO bleaching pulps. Enzymatic treatments were thus able to reduce the usage of ClO2 and to assist in producing photo-stable paper materials for art and artifact-repairing applications. Thus, enzymatic pretreatment of the pulp has the potential to meet world trends and environmental sustainability for pulp and paper industries.

ACS Style

Lang-Dong Lin; Fang-Chih Chang; Chun-Han Ko; C.-Y. Wang; Ya-Nan Wang. Properties of Enzyme Pretreated Wikstroemia sikokiana and Broussonetia papyrifera Bast Fiber Pulps. BioResources 2015, 10, 3625-3637 .

AMA Style

Lang-Dong Lin, Fang-Chih Chang, Chun-Han Ko, C.-Y. Wang, Ya-Nan Wang. Properties of Enzyme Pretreated Wikstroemia sikokiana and Broussonetia papyrifera Bast Fiber Pulps. BioResources. 2015; 10 (2):3625-3637.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lang-Dong Lin; Fang-Chih Chang; Chun-Han Ko; C.-Y. Wang; Ya-Nan Wang. 2015. "Properties of Enzyme Pretreated Wikstroemia sikokiana and Broussonetia papyrifera Bast Fiber Pulps." BioResources 10, no. 2: 3625-3637.