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Ana Juárez
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7031 Trondheim, Norway

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Journal article
Published: 07 July 2021 in Water
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Floods are among the most damaging of natural disasters, and flood events are expected to increase in magnitude and frequency with the effects of climate change and changes in land use. As a consequence, much focus has been placed on the engineering of structural flood mitigation measures in rivers. Traditional flood protection measures, such as levees and dredging of the river channel, threaten floodplains and river ecosystems, but during the last decade, sustainable reconciliation of freshwater ecosystems has increased. However, we still find many areas where these traditional measures are proposed, and it is challenging to find tools for evaluation of different measures and quantification of the possible impacts. In this paper, we focus on the river Lærdal in Norway to (i) present the dilemma between traditional flood measures and maintaining river ecosystems and (ii) quantify the efficiency and impact of different solutions based on 2D hydraulic models, remote sensing data, economics, and landscape metrics. Our results show that flood measures may be in serious conflict with environmental protection and legislation to preserve biodiversity and key nature types.

ACS Style

Ana Juárez; Knut Alfredsen; Morten Stickler; Ana Adeva-Bustos; Rodrigo Suárez; Sonia Seguín-García; Bendik Hansen. A Conflict between Traditional Flood Measures and Maintaining River Ecosystems? A Case Study Based upon the River Lærdal, Norway. Water 2021, 13, 1884 .

AMA Style

Ana Juárez, Knut Alfredsen, Morten Stickler, Ana Adeva-Bustos, Rodrigo Suárez, Sonia Seguín-García, Bendik Hansen. A Conflict between Traditional Flood Measures and Maintaining River Ecosystems? A Case Study Based upon the River Lærdal, Norway. Water. 2021; 13 (14):1884.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Juárez; Knut Alfredsen; Morten Stickler; Ana Adeva-Bustos; Rodrigo Suárez; Sonia Seguín-García; Bendik Hansen. 2021. "A Conflict between Traditional Flood Measures and Maintaining River Ecosystems? A Case Study Based upon the River Lærdal, Norway." Water 13, no. 14: 1884.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Floods are among the most damaging natural disasters which are likely to increase with the effects of climate change and changes in land use. Therefore, rivers have been the focus of engineering for establishing structural flood mitigation measures. Traditional flood infrastructure, such as levees and dredging have threatened floodplains and river ecosystems and during the last decade, sustainable reconciliation of freshwater ecosystems is increasing. However, we still find many areas where these traditional measures are proposed and it is challenging to find tools for evaluations of different measures and quantification of the possible impacts. We propose the use of hydraulic modelling and remote sensing data for evaluation of different flood strategies and quantification of changes in hydraulic parameters in an ecological scale. This is applied in Lærdal River, in Norway, a national salmon river specially recognized by its environment for Atlantic salmon, where the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) has proposed l flood measures that include confinement with walls and dredging in the riverbed. Results show that the constructing a higher wall could avoid dredging in the river bed resulting in a most cost-effective solution. Dredging could improve hydraulic conditions for juvenile salmon if applied as river restoration measure but channelization of the river would have big impacts in the river ecosystem.

ACS Style

Ana Juárez; Knut Alfredsen; Morten Stickler; Ana Adeva-Bustos; Sonia Seguín-Garcia; Bendik Hansen; Rodrigo Suarez. A conflict between traditional flood measures and maintaining river ecosystems. A case study in river Lærdal, Norway. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Ana Juárez, Knut Alfredsen, Morten Stickler, Ana Adeva-Bustos, Sonia Seguín-Garcia, Bendik Hansen, Rodrigo Suarez. A conflict between traditional flood measures and maintaining river ecosystems. A case study in river Lærdal, Norway. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Juárez; Knut Alfredsen; Morten Stickler; Ana Adeva-Bustos; Sonia Seguín-Garcia; Bendik Hansen; Rodrigo Suarez. 2021. "A conflict between traditional flood measures and maintaining river ecosystems. A case study in river Lærdal, Norway." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 19 October 2020 in Sustainability
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The Norwegian electrical energy supply system is based on hydropower. The now deregulated energy market has led to increased use of hydropeaking production, leading to greater fluctuations in discharge and water levels below hydropower stations. The power station HOL 1, with an outlet to the Storåne River, is a large hydropeaking facility. With over 300 rapid flow increases and decreases per year since 2012, it is a river subjected to frequent hydropeaking. To quantify the stranding risk downstream of the power plant, the effect of a series of different turbine shutdown scenarios was simulated in an earlier study. The residual flow of 6 m3·s−1 and a full production of 66 m3·s−1 were considered as the baselines for the calculation of dewatered areas. A three-year study of juvenile fish density both upstream as a reference and downstream of the power plant was undertaken. There were very low densities or even an absence of brown trout (Salmo trutta) older than young-of-the-year (YoY) below the outlet of the power station, despite high densities of YoY in previous years. This is probably due to the large and rapid changes in flow below the power station. Hydropeaking has less impact on the earliest life stages of brown trout during spring and summer, as well as on spawning and egg development during winter. This is attributed spawning in late autumn occurring at a low flow seldom reached during hydropeaking. The high survival of YoY during the first summer and early autumn is likely due to a lower frequency of hydropeaking and higher residual flows, leaving a larger wetted area.

ACS Style

Svein Saltveit; Åge Brabrand; Ana Juárez; Morten Stickler; Bjørn Dønnum. The Impact of Hydropeaking on Juvenile Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) in a Norwegian Regulated River. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8670 .

AMA Style

Svein Saltveit, Åge Brabrand, Ana Juárez, Morten Stickler, Bjørn Dønnum. The Impact of Hydropeaking on Juvenile Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) in a Norwegian Regulated River. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8670.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Svein Saltveit; Åge Brabrand; Ana Juárez; Morten Stickler; Bjørn Dønnum. 2020. "The Impact of Hydropeaking on Juvenile Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) in a Norwegian Regulated River." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8670.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2019 in Water
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Extreme, short-duration fluctuations caused by hydropeaking occurs when hydropower is regulated to cover demand peaks in the electricity market. Such rapid dewatering processes may have a high impact on the downstream biological conditions, particularly related to stranding of fish and other species. The present work analyzes these fluctuations using a two-dimensional unsteady hydraulic modelling approach for quantification of two important hydro-morphological factors on fish stranding risk: the variation in wetted area and the dewatering ramping rate. This approach was applied on the two-kilometer-long reach of Storåne downstream of the Hol 1 power plant, where topo bathymetric LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data was available providing a high-resolution digital elevation model. Based on this model, hydraulic conditions could be simulated in high detail allowing for an accurate assessment of the hydro morphological factors. Results show the dried area distribution at different flows and dewatering ramping rates. The attenuation of the water level fluctuation due to the damping effect along the river reach controls the dewatering rate. We recommend an alternative scenario operation which can reduce the impact of the peaking operation and estimate the operational mitigation cost. We find that the modelling based on the fine resolution grid provides new opportunities in assessing effects of hydropower regulations on the ecosystem.

ACS Style

Ana Juárez; Ana Adeva-Bustos; Knut Alfredsen; Bjørn Otto Dønnum. Performance of A Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Model for the Evaluation of Stranding Areas and Characterization of Rapid Fluctuations in Hydropeaking Rivers. Water 2019, 11, 201 .

AMA Style

Ana Juárez, Ana Adeva-Bustos, Knut Alfredsen, Bjørn Otto Dønnum. Performance of A Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Model for the Evaluation of Stranding Areas and Characterization of Rapid Fluctuations in Hydropeaking Rivers. Water. 2019; 11 (2):201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Juárez; Ana Adeva-Bustos; Knut Alfredsen; Bjørn Otto Dønnum. 2019. "Performance of A Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Model for the Evaluation of Stranding Areas and Characterization of Rapid Fluctuations in Hydropeaking Rivers." Water 11, no. 2: 201.