Partial shadowing is the primary cause of power degradation in PV systems. There are various methods for harvesting extreme power from a PV array. Proper selection of PV array configuration is one of the strategies to extract maximum power. Cross ties in PV array configurations play a major role in maximizing the power. As the number of cross ties increases, maximum power from PV array increases. But, these cross ties have resistance, which increases the wiring losses, which may result in the decrease of power from the PV array. For the investigation of the impact of wiring resistance (column wiring and cross-ties wiring) under static and dynamic partial shading situations, this paper considers several 9×9 PV array designs such as Series-Parallel, Bridge-Link, Honey-Comb, Total-Cross-Tied, and Triple-Tied-Cross-Linked. The analysis of Total-Cross-Tied and Triple-Tied-Cross-Linked PV array configurations is extended to 18×18 array size. Measures such as global maximum power point, efficiency, fill factor, and mismatch losses were used in the performance analysis. The simulation findings show that, when a large number of panels are shaded statistically, the impact of wiring resistance is significant.

In this article, the performance of multilevel inverter-fed position sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive is analyzed using modified model predictive torque control (MPTC) method using two-level and three-level inverters, respectively. The MPTC method helps to control electromagnetic torque directly, which is not possible in model predictive current control, whereas the conventional model predictive torque and flux control method requires weighing factors that are similar to PI controllers used in field-oriented control or direct torque and flux control method. To simplify the control structure, most of the researchers are looking forward to weighing factorless predictive control strategies. The multilevel inverters required complex control algorithms such as space vector modulation. However, the model predictive control methods made it simple by using an embedded control structure. Furthermore, position sensorless control strategies are much needed because speed sensors are much prone to failures. Therefore, in this article, a model reference adaptive system (MRAS)–based speed sensorless approach is used to eliminate the requirement of a position sensor. The proposed multilevel inverter-fed position sensorless PMSM drive using modified MPTC is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment under different operating conditions such as under no-load, load, and change in speed. The simulation results are validated with the experimental results.