This investigation aimed at evaluating the efficiency of micro and nanoclays as a low-cost material for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from an aqueous solution. The impacts of various factors (contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, initial dye concentration) on the adsorption process have been taken into consideration. Six micro and nanoclay samples were obtained by treating clay materials collected from different locations in the Albaha region, Saudi Arabia. Out of the six tested micro and nanoclays materials, two (NCQ1 and NCQ3) were selected based on the highest adsorption efficiency for complete experimentation. The morphology and structure of the selected micro and nanoclay adsorbents were characterized by various techniques: SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRF, XRD, and ICP-MS. The XRF showed that the main oxides of both nanoclays were SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, K₂O, CaO, and MgO, and the rest were impurities. All the parameters affecting the adsorption of CV dye were optimized in a batch system, and the optimized working conditions were an equilibrium time of 120 min, a dose of 30 mg, a temperature of 25 °C, and an initial CV concentration of 400 mg/L. The equilibrium data were tested using nonlinear isotherm and kinetic models, which showed that the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics gave the best fit with the experimental data, indicating a physico-chemical interaction occurred between the CV dye and both selected micro and nanoclay surfaces. The maximum adsorption capacities of NCQ1 and NCQ3 adsorbents were 206.73 and 203.66 mg/g, respectively, at 25 °C. The thermodynamic factors revealed that the CV dye adsorption of both micro and nanoclays was spontaneous and showed an exothermic process. Therefore, the examined natural micro and nanoclays adsorbents are promising effective adsorbents for the elimination of CV dye from an aqueous environment.

A library of novel naproxen based 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (8–16 and 19–26) has been synthesized and screened for cytotoxicity as EGFR inhibitors. Among the synthesized hybrids, compound2-(4-((5-((S)-1-(2-methoxynaphthalen-6-yl)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol(15) was the most potent compound against MCF-7 and HepG2cancer cells with IC₅₀ of 2.13 and 1.63 µg/mL, respectively, and was equipotent to doxorubicin (IC₅₀ 1.62 µg/mL) towards HepG2. Furthermore, compound 15 inhibited EGFR kinase with IC₅₀ 0.41 μM compared to standard drug Erlotinib (IC₅₀ 0.30 μM). The active compound induces a high percentage of necrosis towards MCF-7, HePG2 and HCT 116 cells. The docking studies, DFT and MEP also supported the biological data. These results demonstrated that these synthesized naproxen hybrids have EGFR inhibition effects and can be used as leads for cancer therapy.

In the current study, new benzimidazole-based 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis. The final compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231, SKOV3, and A549 cell lines and EGFR for inhibitory activities. Compounds 10 and 13 were found to be the most active against all the tested cell lines, comparable to doxorubicin, and exhibited significant inhibition on EGFR kinase, with IC₅₀ 0.33 and 0.38 μM, respectively, comparable to erlotinib (IC₅₀ 0.39 μM). Furthermore, these two compounds effectively suppressed cell cycle progression and induced cell apoptosis in MDA-MB-231, SKOV3, and A549 cell lines. The docking studies revealed that these compounds showed interactions similar to erlotinib at the EGFR site. It can be concluded that the synthesized molecules effectively inhibit EGFR, can arrest the cell cycle, and may trigger apoptosis and therefore, could be used as lead molecules in the development of new anticancer agents targeting EGFR kinase.

In this article, series of semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide, urea and thiourea derivatives have been successfully prepared via an easy synthetic strategy. The chemical structure of the prepared compounds have been confirmed based upon spectral and elemental data. The compounds showed excellent insecticidal activity against Spodoptera littoralis which causes a harmful damage to the cotton crop which represent a principal figure in economics of North Africa countries. Among all the prepared compounds, methyl-4-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)carbamothioyl] amino}benzoate 7 showed the highest insecticidal activity against S. littoralis, with LC₅₀ values of 9.882 for 2nd instar larvae & 102.66 for 4th instar larvae, respectively. Graphical abstract

In the present work, new Naproxen based 1,2,4-triazole-Schiff base derivatives have been synthesized and screened for in vitro antitumor activity and in silico pharmacokinetic studies. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds (5–12) was elucidated by IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. All the compounds were tested against breast MCF-7, hepatocellular Huh-7 and lung A-549 cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Compound 7 was better in killing A549 cells with IC₅₀ 3.71 µM (1.48 fold), compared with Doxorubicin (IC₅₀ 5.50 µM). Also, compound 7 was found to be non toxic on MRC-5 normal cells as it depicts IC₅₀ more than 500 μM. Besides, compound 12 also revealed promising activity with IC₅₀ 6.94 and 3.33 µM against MCF-7 and Huh-7 respectively. The in silico studies displayed that the synthesized compounds favors the desired pharmacokinetic profile and drug likeness properties. It can be concluded that these new Naproxen based 1,2,4-triazole-Schiff base derivative (7) has the potential to be further investigated as lead molecule in the development of new chemotherapeutic agent.