Literature on the fiscal incentives highlight the importance of how the design of intergovernmental transfer system has momentous implication on the local government’s behavior within devolved systems. The pragmatic results on the relationship between IGT and the incentive creation for the local government revenue generation are indecisive and differs across countries. Using a unique data set covering public finance and various socio economic data over the period 1990 to 2015 in Pakistan, this paper contribute to fiscal federalism literature by evaluating the fiscal incentives of unconditional (general purpose) formula defined and conditional (specific purpose) ad hoc based transfers. After endogenity adjustments, our empirical results shows that unconditional formula based intergovernmental transfers/grants improve the mobilization of local government revenues while the conditional, ad hoc based transfers, deteriorate the mobilization of local revenue. However, in Pakistan large part of transfers are unconditional so the results suggest that transfers from the federal government complement local own source revenues generation by encouraging local governments in Pakistan to collect more revenues.

Objective: To determine attitude of undergraduate medical student's towards immigration, including preferred choice and reasons for immigration. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out on students of Wah Medical College, from January 2019 to June 2019. Materials and Methods: All students at medical college were included in the sampling frame. A sample of 300 students was taken by random sampling using random number generator. A questionnaire was formulated comprisingoftwoparts.Thefirstpartofquestionnairecomprisedofcloseended questionsabouttheageof students their gender, year of education, preferred choice for specialization, desire to migrate or not and preferred destination for migration The second part included reasons for migration and non-migration. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. Results: Almost half of the students (48.3%) showed intention towards migration. Those who wanted to migrate, United Kingdom was the top choice (27.9%). Better job opportunities, family reasons and medical facilities were the most common reasons for migration while intention to serve the country, family issues and lack of financial resources were the main reasons to stay in the country. Conclusion: Half of the students intend to migrate to other countries and favorite destination for work is United Kingdom.