Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated as crucial contributors to the onset and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The exact mechanisms by which interleukins (ILs) contribute to NAFLD may vary, and ongoing research is aimed at understanding the specific roles of different ILs in the pathogenesis of this condition. In addition, variations in environmental factors and genetics in each individual can influence the onset and/or progression of NAFLD. The lack of clinical studies related to the potential therapeutic properties of IL-1 inhibitors currently does not allow us to conclude their validity as a therapeutic option, although preclinical studies show promising results. Further studies are needed to elucidate their beneficial properties in NAFLD treatment.

Introduction/Aim Considering the high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), we aimed to investigate the potential benefit of determining markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and dyslipidemia for prediction of NAFLD, as estimated with fatty liver index (FLI) in individuals with DM2. Methods A total of 139 individuals with DM2 (of them 49.9% females) were enrolled in cross-sectional study. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as blood pressure were obtained. A FLI was calculated. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were independent predictors of higher FLI [Odds ratio (OR)=0.056, p=0.029; and OR=1.105, p=0.016, respectively]. In Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis, the addition of fatty liver risk factors (e. g., age, gender, body height, smoking status, diabetes duration and drugs metabolized in liver) to each analysed biochemical parameter [HDL-c, non-HDL-c, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), MDA and advanced oxidant protein products (AOPP)] in Model 1, increased the ability to discriminate patients with and without fatty liver [Area under the curve (AUC)=0.832, AUC=0.808, AUC=0.798, AUC=0.824 and AUC=0.743, respectively]. Model 2 (which included all five examined predictors, e. g., HDL-c, non-HDL-c, hsCRP, MDA, AOPP, and fatty liver risk factors) improved discriminative abilities for fatty liver status (AUC=0.909). Even more, Model 2 had the highest sensitivity and specificity (89.3% and 87.5%, respectively) together than each predictor in Model 1. Conclusion Multimarker approach, including biomarkers of oxidative stress, dyslipidemia and inflammation, could be of benefit in identifying patients with diabetes being at high risk of fatty liver disease.

Introduction We aimed to examine serum endocan level and the summary involvement of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation by calculation of its comprehensive score (i.e. Dyslipidemia-Oxy-Inflammation (DOI) score) in relation to glucoregulation in subjects with prediabetes and...

Oxidative stress is assumed to be the underlying feature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To our knowledge, the mutual involvement of redox status homeostasis parameters [i.e., advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative-stress index (OSI)] and cardiometabolic biomarkers in subjects with NAFLD has not been examined yet. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate this potential relationship. A total of 122 subjects with NAFLD were compared with 56 participants without NAFLD. The diagnosis of NAFLD was confirmed by abdominal ultrasound. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. OSI, Castelli’s Risk Index I (CRI-I) and Castelli’s Risk Index II (CRI-II) were calculated. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used to test the predictions of oxidative stress and cardiometabolic markers, respectively for NAFLD. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to explore its mutual effect on NAFLD status. Significant positive associations of CRI-I, CRI-II, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and AOPP with NAFLD were found. PCA analysis extracted 3 significant factors: Oxidative stress-cardiometabolic related factor (i.e., triglycerides, AOPP, HDL-c and HbA1c)-explained 36% of variance; Pro-oxidants related factor (i.e., TOS and PAB)-explained 17% of variance; and Antioxidants related factor (i.e., TAS)-explained 15% of variance of the tested parameters. Moreover, binary logistic regression analysis revealed significant predictive ability of Oxidative stress-cardiometabolic related factor (p < 0.001) and Pro-oxidants related factor (p < 0.05) for NAFLD status. In addition to oxidative stress (i.e., determined by higher AOPP levels), dyslipidemia (i.e., determined by higher lipid indexes: CRI-I and CRI-II) and inflammation (determined by higher hsCRP) are independently related to NAFLD status. The mutual involvement of pro-oxidants (i.e., TOS and PAB), or the joint involvement of pro-oxidants (i.e., AOPP) and cardiometabolic parameters (i.e., HbA1c, triglycerides and HDL-c) can differentiate subjects with NAFLD from those individuals without this metabolic disorder. New studies are needed to validate our results in order to find the best therapeutic approach for NAFLD.

Introduction: Previous studies have examined the correlation between hyperandrogenemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in women and showed contradictory results. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between testosterone level and Fatty Liver Index (FLI), as a...

Background: Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) commonly leads to heart failure but has traditionally been an exclusion criterion in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i); therefore, the effects of these drugs in this population remain undocumented. In light of recent studies, this meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the effect of SGLT2i on the prognosis of patients with ATTR‐CM.Methods: A comprehensive search of Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was conducted up to November 17, 2024. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out independently by two investigators. Associations of SGLT2i with outcomes were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analyses.Results: A total of five studies (9766 participants, 4 propensity score‐matched) were included. The use of SGLT2i was associated with significant reductions in all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) .54, 95% confidence interval (CI) .44–.66], cardiovascular mortality (HR .39, 95% CI .23–.65), major adverse cardiovascular events (HR .71, 95% CI .61–.83), and heart failure hospitalizations (HFHs) (HR .63, 95% CI .52–.77) compared to non‐use. The odds of cardiac arrhythmias were significantly lower among SGLT2i users compared to non‐users [odds ratio (OR) .73, 95% CI .65–.83]. Specifically, SGLT2i use was associated with significant reductions in the odds of atrial fibrillation (AF) (OR .75, 95% CI .62–.91), ventricular tachycardia (OR .72, 95% CI .59–.88), and sudden cardiac arrest (OR .71, 95% CI .50–.99).Conclusions: The use of SGLT2is may be associated with a more favourable prognosis in patients with ATTR‐CM. Adequately powered, long‐term RCTs are required to validate the available observational evidence.