Background: The medications may enhance the recovery after nerve paralysis. We aimed to evaluate the effects of aminoguanidine (AG), melatonin, and methylprednisolone on peripheral facial nerve neurorrhaphy. Methods: The buccal branch of the facial nerve was transected and autografted in 32 New Zealand rabbits. Subjects were divided into 4 groups equally (AG, melatonin, methylprednisolone, and control). After the medical treatment latency and amplitude were measured with nerve conduction study at 3, 6, and 10 weeks. Then, coapted segments of nerve were examined microscopically. The groups were compared with each other. Results: The latent period was shortened, and the amplitudes were increased in the AG group; the latent period was shortened, and the amplitudes did not show significant change in the melatonin group with the time. There were no significant differences between the amplitudes at 3 to 6 and 3 to 10 weeks in the methylprednisolone group, and the latent period was shortened. There was no significant difference between the amplitude values at 3, 6, and 10 weeks in the control group. In the histological examination, AG had the best influence on preventing myelin degeneration and reducing the accumulation of myelin debris. Considering the increase in collagen fibers, the best results were achieved in the melatonin group. The degree of myelin-axonal degeneration was higher in the methylprednisolone group. The degree of collagen fiber increase, axonal degeneration, myelin degeneration, and the accumulation of myelin debris were detected quite high in the control group. Conclusions: Aminoguanidine and melatonin alone achieved an increase in regeneration after peripheral facial nerve neurorrhaphy, but methylprednisolone did not. The best healing was determined in the AG group.

Relationships Between Clinical Behavior of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and E-Cadherin Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma;MMP-9;VEGF;E-cadherin;metastases;prognosis; The biological mechanisms of cancer and associations with behavior of tumours need to be studied to understand progression and determine appropriate treatments. Here we investigated expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and E-cadherin in laryngeal SCCs and their relations with clinical behavior. This prospective study was based on 38 surgical specimens from patients with primary laryngeal SCC and data recorded in their cards. Expression of the three factors in tumor tissue was examined using immunohistochemistry and correlations with clinical parameters of primary tumors, regional lymph node metastases, stage of disease, histopathologic differentiation, and vascular/cartilage invasion were investigated. Regarding the cases with positive MMP-9 expression, the difference between well and moderately/poorly differentiated tumors was statistically significant. However, differences between early stage (stage I and II) and late-stage (stage III and IV) tumours, and between positive and negative for pLN metastasis were not. No significant relationship between positive VEGF and tumor differentiation or stage was apparent, but E-cadherin levels significantly differed between well and moderately/poorly differentiated tumours and with the presence of pLN metastasis. E-cadherin staining did not vary between MMP-9 positive and negative cases. In conclusion, MMP-9 may be a negative predictor of differentiation in laryngeal SCC, while E-cadherin is a predictor of differentiation and nodal metastases. Even if the difference between VEGF expression and tumor stage was not statistically significant, it seems that there exists some relationship, which might be clarified with a greater number of cases.

Objectives: Chronic nasal obstruction is a common disease of childhood. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy plays an important role in obstructive sleep apnea. The topical use of the aerosolized forms of corticosteroids therefore seems the most appropriate route to decrease systemic side effects. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the effect of topical mometasone furoate especially on the adenoid volume in patients without any allergic story.Methods: The study group consisting of 30 males and 25 females was administered topical nasal mometasone furoate steroid treatment. The 20 patients were in the control group where saline solution (0.9% NaCl) treatment was administered consisted of 12 males and 8 females. Nasopharyngeal X-rays before treatment revealed that 25 patients were Grade 2 and 30 patients were Grade 3 according to the Fujioka method. Results: Flexible endoscopy performed before the treatment revealed that 20 patients were Grade 2, 11 patients were Grade 3 and 24 patients were Grade 4. Nasal endoscopies performed after 6 weeks of intranasal topical steroid therapy revealed that 45 patients were Grade 1 and 10 patients were Grade 2. A statistically significant difference was present between endoscopic grades before and after treatment (p < 0.0001). Nasal endoscopies performed after 6 weeks in control group receiving saline solution treatment revealed Grade 2 in 7 patients, Grade 3 in 10 patients and Grade 4 in 3 patients. There was no statistically significant difference between in the prior and later grades of the control group (p = 0.3125). Conclusions: We believe that the use of intranasal steroids (mometasone furoate) for 6 weeks in patients with pediatric chronic nasal obstruction due to adenoid hypertrophy may be an effective treatment modality in alleviating symptoms and decreasing adenoid volume without causing systemic side effects.

Introduction: The treatment of cervical lymph node metastases have a significant prognostic effect on the face and forehead skin cancers. We aimed to point out the importance of loco-regional treatment in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of face and forehead. Presentation of case We present our experience with four cases that had squamous cell carcinoma of face and forehead skin. All cases had regional recurrence following 1–3 years after the primary treatment, but did not have local recurrence. Discussion: Loco-regional lymphatic treatment for face and forehead skin squamous carcinomas has vital importance especially in the cases with high-risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Elective lymph node dissection of appropriate region(s) should be included in the treatment plan for cases which have one or more of high-risk factors for lymph node metastases and long-term follow-up should not be ignored.