Aim: To evaluate the lactate/albumin ratio and its relation to mortality in children with nosocomial infections. Materials & methods: One hundred six children were included in this study. Blood gas... Tweetable abstract The lactate/albumin ratio is a useful indicator for predicting mortality in children with nosocomial infections. This study finds that comparing values at 24 h may provide the be...

In children, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has a high mortality and morbidity rate. The purpose of our study is to determine the diagnostic value of complete blood parameters for CAP and to look into their relationship to disease severity and mortality. A retrospective, the cross-sectional study enrolled children aged 0–18 years who were diagnosed with CAP in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between January 1, 2023 and December 31. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups according to their clinical severity: the moderate group (MG) receiving non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and the severe group (SG) receiving invasive ventilation (IMV) support. In addition to demographic analyses, a comprehensive battery of laboratory tests was conducted on all included patients, and the relationships between mortality and clinical severity were compared. Furthermore, the study also involved the comparison of various biological markers such as mean platelet volume (MPV), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, lactate, CRP/MPV, neutrophile/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lactate/albumin ratio (L/A), and white blood cell (WBC)/MPV values between the two groups, along with an evaluation of their clinical implications.ü A total of 120 patients were included in the study, the mean age was 44.13 ± 53.03 months, and the mean PICU stay was 11.52 ± 19.75 days. Clinical severity assessment showed that 54 (45%) patients received NIV and 66 (55%) required IMV. Mortality was significantly associated with the type of infectious agent (p = 0.022), respiratory support type (p = 0.019), length of stay (LOS) (p = 0.014), lactate (p = 0.037), and L/A ratio (p = 0.022). ROC analysis revealed that the L/A ratio had a superior predictive value over lactate alone in mortality prediction. Significant differences between MG and SG were observed for LOS (p = 0.006), CRP (p = 0.019), CRP/MPV (p = 0.017), and L/A ratio (p = 0.047). Both CRP/MPV and L/A ratios were significantly higher in the IMV group (p = 0.017, p = 0.047). In the linear regression model, CRP/MPV and L/A ratio were associated with mortality (R²=0.189), with CRP/MPV being 1.1 times more effective in determining respiratory support (p = 0.037, accuracy: 56.7%). CRP/MPV showed a moderate positive correlation with L/A (r = 0.435, p < 0.001), while a weak positive correlation was found between NLR and WBC/MPV (r = 0.264, p = 0.004). No significant correlation was found between LOS and CRP/MPV, NLR, L/A, or WBC/MPV (p > 0.05). Mortality was significantly associated with infectious agent type, respiratory support type, LOS, lactate, and L/A ratio. CRP, CRP/MPV, and L/A ratio differed significantly between clinical severity groups. CRP/MPV may be useful in assessing mortality, clinical severity, and respiratory support type. However, L/A ratio was found to be a more valuable predictor of mortality than lactate alone.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between Hb A_1c levels and the clinical course of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) patients. Sixty-six COVID-19(+) patients with high Hb A_1c and 46 with average Hb A_1c and 30 COVID-19(–) patients with average Hb A_1c were included. Hb A_1c levels and parameters examined in COVID-19(+) patients were compared between groups, and correlation analysis was performed between these parameters and Hb A_1c levels. The effect of Hb A_1c levels on intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality rate in COVID-19 patients was analyzed with the χ² test. It was observed that hemoglobin (Hb) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) levels of the COVID-19 (+) groups was lower than the COVID-19 (–) group, while ferritin, D-dimer, procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were higher. The COVID-19 (+) group with high Hb A_1c had higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), PCT and D-dimer levels than the other two groups, while Hb, partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO₂) levels were lower. The Hb A_1c levels of the COVID-19 (+) groups were positively correlated with absolute neutrophil count (ANC), LDH, PCT and (K⁺) levels, while negatively correlated with Hb and PaO₂ levels. Hb A_1c was found to be associated with the inflammation process, coagulation disorders and low PaO₂ in COVID-19 patients. The COVID-19 patients with high Hb A_1c levels had a higher mortality rate than other COVID-19 patients. Using Hb A_1c measurements with other prognostic markers would contribute to the patient’s risk of death assessment.

Sepsis is a life-threating cause in childhood ages. The recognition and treatment early are significant for decreasing mortality. Sepsis has many factors and various biomarkers function in the pathogenesis, the stress indicators oxidants increased and antioxidants decreased. The objective of our study was to investigate the levels of thiol disulfides with and without sepsis in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). A cohort study was conducted between October 2022 and March 2023 at the PICU, comprising 64 with sepsis and 62 children without sepsis. Blood samples from sepsis and the control group were collected and centrifuged. Subsequently, the samples were stored at -80 °C until the day of the experiment. Once the requisite number of patients had been enrolled, the thiol-disulfide values in the collected samples were analysed in accordance with the ELISA kit method. The research parameters investigated, namely total oxidant status, plasma 8-OHdG, total-native thiol and native/total thiol percent ratio, were found to be considerably elevated in the sepsis group in comparison to the control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the oxidative stress parameters investigated (total antioxidant status, paraoxonase 1 activity, disulfide, disulfide/native thiol percent ratio, disulfide/total thiol percent ratio) were found to be significantly lower in the sepsis group than in control (p < 0.05). In our study as well, we detected all antioxidant parameters are low and oxidant parameters are statistically significantly higher in sepsis. Our study posits that thiol-disulfide levels have the potential to serve as a diagnostic tool in conjunction with traditional established biomarkers of inflammation in critically ill children in the PICU who are being treated for sepsis. Not applicable.

Plastikler malzemeler, 60 yıl kadar geçmişi olan nispeten genç malzemelerdir ve günümüz teknolojisi sayesinde pek çok çeşidi ile hayatımıza girmiştir. Plastik malzemelerin ilk keşfinden günümüze dek yaklaşık 9 milyar ton civarında plastik üretilmiştir. Bu sayının 2050 yılına kadar 38 milyar ton olacağı ve yaklaşık 13 milyar tonu atık olacağı düşünülürse, “Plastik Çağı’nı” yaşadığımızı söylemek çok da abartı olmayacaktır. Plastikler zaman içinde bozunarak ikincil mikroplastikleri oluşturmaktadır. İlaç, kozmetik gibi sektörlerde kullanılmak üzere üretilen mikroplastikler ise birincil mikroplastikler olarak adlandırılır. Plastik kirliliğinin insanoğluna, suda yaşayan canlılara ve aynı zamanda küresel çevreye büyük tehdit oluşturduğu bilinmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda potansiyel zararlı etkileri nedeniyle küçük plastikler üzerine çalışmalar yoğunlaşmıştır. Aynı zamanda toplumda bir farkındalık oluşturmak ve mikroplastik oluşumunu kontrol altına almak için pek çok girişimde bulunulmuştur. Bu kapsamda ülkemizde 2019 yılında plastik poşet kullanımına sınırlama getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, mikroplastiklerin genel özelliklerinden bahsedilip çevreye ve insan sağlığı üzerine olası potansiyel etkileri incelenmiştir. Mikroplastiklerle ilgili daha fazla çalışma yapılması ve çevre sağlığı açısından gerekli önlemlerin alınması gerektiği vurgulanmak istenmiştir.

Breast cancer is the most common female death in women. Different studies are being done for treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant effects of oleuropein and vitamin D both individually and in combination. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death pattern with genetic regulation that requires energy, allowing cells to be safely removed from the environment after performing their specified biological task. The olive tree has important biological properties and is rich in phenolic substances. These phenolic substances are mainly oleuropein. Oleuropein has many pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antiageing. Vitamin D is a hormone the kidneys produce that controls blood calcium concentration and impacts the immune system.