Salt stress in soils impacts grain crop yield. Soil amendment with biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal alone has been analyzed to improve the growth of several crops under salinity stress. However, the combined application of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for the remediation of salinity and improvement of crop productivity in wheat are rarely discussed and have remained unclear. Therefore, this experiment was performed to investigate the effect with biochar (150 g biochar per each treated pot containing 3 kg soil) and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (20 g AMF inoculum containing 80% mycorrhizal roots, 100–160 spores, and extraradical hyphae per each treated pot) on the productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under four salt stress gradients; 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl. The results show salinity significantly reduced plant height (9.9% to 22.9%), shoot fresh weight (35.6% to 64.4%), enzymatic activities (34.1% to 39.3%), and photosynthetic pigments—i.e., total chlorophyll contents (75.0%) and carotenoids contents (56.2%) of plants—as compared with control. Under exclusive biochar application, the plants were moderately tolerant to salinity stress, which was evident in their growth, moderately reduced fatty acid content, partially impaired enzymatic activity, and photosynthetic pigments, while under the exclusive AMF application, the wheat plants were relatively sensitive to salinity stress, resulting in impaired growth rate, decreased unsaturated fatty acid composition, enzymatic activity, and photosynthetic pigments. Conversely, under the co-application of biochar and AMF, wheat plants partially increased plant height (14.1%), shoot fresh biomass (75.7%), root fresh biomass (24.9%), partially increased enzymatic activity (49.5%), and unimpaired photosynthetic pigments (30.2% to 54.8%) of wheat under salinity stress. Current findings concluded that exclusive incorporation of biochar, and the synergistic application of AMF and biochar, could be utilized as a promising way to reduce the deleterious effects of salinity stress in wheat production.

Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on Hemodialysis (HD) present a reduction of antioxidant enzymes levels and increased production of free radicals.

The study was carried out to examine growth, shoot yield, dry matter and proximate composition of Amaranthus cruentus on poor soil augmented with compost or AMF either singly or in combination.

Peptic ulcer diseases (PUD) are sores formed in soft tissues present in the lining of the digestive tract as a result of excessive stomach acid or inability of the alimentary tract or stomach to protect itself. The increasing surge for plant based drugs in the management of PUD has increased scientific investigation of herbs and recipes from traditional medicinal practitioners (TMP) to ascertain their efficacy through pharmacological studies. Ethnobotanical survey of plants and recipes from TMP used in the management of PUD in Wukari metropolis, Taraba State, Northeastern Nigeria were documented. A total of twenty (20) TMP located in ten (10) different area of the town were interviewed using a semi structured questioner. Twenty-four (24) plant species from twenty (20) different families and sixteen (16) recipes were documented from the survey. It was observed that plant leaves were mostly used while C. longa (Zingberaceae), M. paradisiaca (Musaceae) had the highest frequency of occurrence in recipes formulation. Therefore, due to the proven efficacy of these herbal recipes as reported from correspondents, there is need for proper documentation, conservation, cultivation and use of these medicinal plants in the management of PUD to avoid them being endangered or going into extinction.

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an underutilized crop of high economic importance for alleviating food security. However, morpho‐phytochemical variability, which exists among different accessions of V. subterranea of different origins, is sketchy in the literature. Identifying these variations is relevant for evolving strategies necessary for further breeding program to improve its utilization. Therefore, variations in agrobotanical and bioactive compounds among Bambara groundnut accessions were evaluated. Two field trials were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 planting seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Thirty Bambara groundnut accessions were assessed for variations in number of primary branches (NPBs), number of leaves (NLs), plant height (PH), plant canopy width (PCW), plant canopy length (PCL), and biomass. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design (n = 3). Some accessions in distinct clusters were selected for phytochemical and proximate components assessment using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p < 0.05. The highest NPB was 18.33 recorded in TVSu‐315, whereas TVSu‐1578 had the highest NL (40.00). TVSu‐1874 was taller (13.66 cm), with wider PCW of 18.51 cm and PCL of 18.95 cm. The 30 accessions were clustered into five distinct groups. The concentration of alkaloid (20.6 mg/100 g) in TVSu‐1432 was significantly higher than the concentration in other accessions. In addition, TVSu‐253 had the highest concentration (0.3 mg/100 g) of tannin, which was significantly higher than that of the other accessions. Flavonoid (0.03 mg/100 g) and saponin (2.6 mg/100 g) were highest in TVSu‐2032. TVSu‐1578 had higher ash content (14.0%) than other accessions, whereas TVSu‐2032 had the highest crude fiber of 4.9%. TVSu‐1432 had the highest crude protein (38.2%), ether extract (6.0%), and dry matter (91.1%) relative to other accessions. High coefficients of variation (CV) were recorded in petiole length and dry matter components. Petiole length and dry matter discriminated the 30 Bambara groundnut accessions. TVSu‐1432 was superior with respect to proximate composition, whereas TVSu‐2032 had superior phytochemical constituents.