The concentrations of trace elements in wines and health risk assessment via wine consumption were investigated in 315 wines. Samples were collected from eight major wine-producing regions in China. The concentrations of twelve trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Duncan’s multiple range test was applied to analyze significant variations (p < 0.05) of trace elements in different regions. Based on a 60 kg adult drinker consuming 200 mL of wine per day, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of each element from wines was far below the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI). Health risk assessment indicated the ingestion influence of individual elements and combined elements through this Chinese wine daily intake did not constitute a health hazard to people. However, Cr and Mn were the potential contaminants of higher health risk in Chinese wines. The cumulative impact of wine consumption on trace elements intake in the daily diet of drinkers should not be ignored due to the presence of other intake pathways.

Due to the impact of geographical location and climate, wines from different regions have different qualities. The sale of inferior wines in a region seriously violates the fair-trade rights of consumers. This paper establishes an elemental analysis classification method for verifying the geographical origin of wines in China. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), liquid chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC-IRMS), and an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) were used to analyze 142 wine samples collected from Helan Mountain, Xinjiang, Yunchuanzang, the Yanhuai Valley, and the Hexi Corridor in China. The data included elemental profiles, carbon isotope ratios ( δ 13 C), and oxygen isotope ratios ( δ 18 O). The results of multivariate analysis show that the geographical origin of wine is closely related to variations in elemental profiles and isotope ratios. Introducing δ 18 O and the elements Li, Mn, Ag, In, Th, Ta, and Re into the discriminant model yielded correct classification rates of the linear discriminant model (LDA) of were 90.8% for the training set and 87.3% for the test set.

Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), a mycotoxin, is hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, and nephrotoxic in humans and animals, and contaminate a wide range of maize. In this study, an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on polystyrene microspheres (PMs) was developed for sensitive and quantitative detection of AFB₁ in maize. The amounts of PMs, the condition for activating carboxyl groups of PMs, the amount of monoclonal antibody (mAb), and the volume of the immune probe were optimized to enhance the performance PMs-ICA for point-of-care testing of AFB₁ in maize. The PMs-ICA showed the cut-off value of 1 ng/mL in phosphate buffer (PB) and 6 µg/kg in maize samples, respectively. The quantitative limit of detection (qLOD) was 0.27 and 1.43 µg/kg in PB and maize samples, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the PMs-ICA were evaluated by analysis of spiked maize samples with recoveries of 96.0% to 107.6% with coefficients of variation below 10%. In addition, the reliability of PMs-ICA was confirmed by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The results indicated that the PMs-ICA could be used as a sensitive, simple, rapid point-of-care testing of AFB₁ in maize.