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Marisa Rangel
Immunopathology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil.

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Review
Published: 24 September 2019 in Toxins
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Solitary wasps use their stinging venoms for paralyzing insect or spider prey and feeding them to their larvae. We have surveyed bioactive substances in solitary wasp venoms, and found antimicrobial peptides together with some other bioactive peptides. Eumenine mastoparan-AF (EMP-AF) was the first to be found from the venom of the solitary eumenine wasp Anterhynchium flavomarginatum micado, showing antimicrobial, histamine-releasing, and hemolytic activities, and adopting an α-helical secondary structure under appropriate conditions. Further survey of solitary wasp venom components revealed that eumenine wasp venoms contained such antimicrobial α-helical peptides as the major peptide component. This review summarizes the results obtained from the studies of these peptides in solitary wasp venoms and some analogs from the viewpoint of (1) chemical and biological characterization; (2) physicochemical properties and secondary structure; and (3) channel-like pore-forming properties.

ACS Style

Marcia Perez Dos Santos Cabrera; Marisa Rangel; João Ruggiero Neto; Katsuhiro Konno. Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Antimicrobial α-Helical Peptides Found in Solitary Wasp Venoms and Their Interactions with Model Membranes. Toxins 2019, 11, 559 .

AMA Style

Marcia Perez Dos Santos Cabrera, Marisa Rangel, João Ruggiero Neto, Katsuhiro Konno. Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Antimicrobial α-Helical Peptides Found in Solitary Wasp Venoms and Their Interactions with Model Membranes. Toxins. 2019; 11 (10):559.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcia Perez Dos Santos Cabrera; Marisa Rangel; João Ruggiero Neto; Katsuhiro Konno. 2019. "Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Antimicrobial α-Helical Peptides Found in Solitary Wasp Venoms and Their Interactions with Model Membranes." Toxins 11, no. 10: 559.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2019 in Toxins
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Comprehensive LC-MS and MS/MS analysis of the crude venom extract from the solitary eumenine wasp Eumenes micado revealed the component profile of this venom mostly consisted of small peptides. The major peptide components, eumenine mastoparan-EM1 (EMP-EM1: LKLMGIVKKVLGAL-NH₂) and eumenine mastoparan-EM2 (EMP-EM2: LKLLGIVKKVLGAI-NH₂), were purified and characterized by the conventional method. The sequences of these new peptides are homologous to mastoparans, the mast cell degranulating peptides from social wasp venoms; they are 14 amino acid residues in length, rich in hydrophobic and basic amino acids, and C-terminal amidated. Accordingly, these new peptides can belong to mastoparan peptides (in other words, linear cationic α-helical peptides). Indeed, the CD spectra of these new peptides showed predominantly α-helix conformation in TFE and SDS. In biological evaluation, both peptides exhibited potent antibacterial activity, moderate degranulation activity from rat peritoneal mast cells, and significant leishmanicidal activity, while they showed virtually no hemolytic activity on human or mouse erythrocytes. These results indicated that EMP-EM peptides rather strongly associated with bacterial cell membranes rather than mammalian cell membranes.

ACS Style

Katsuhiro Konno; Kohei Kazuma; Marisa Rangel; Joacir Stolarz-De-Oliveira; Renato Fontana; Marii Kawano; Hiroyuki Fuchino; Izumi Hide; Tadashi Yasuhara; Yoshihiro Nakata. New Mastoparan Peptides in the Venom of the Solitary Eumenine Wasp Eumenes micado. Toxins 2019, 11, 155 .

AMA Style

Katsuhiro Konno, Kohei Kazuma, Marisa Rangel, Joacir Stolarz-De-Oliveira, Renato Fontana, Marii Kawano, Hiroyuki Fuchino, Izumi Hide, Tadashi Yasuhara, Yoshihiro Nakata. New Mastoparan Peptides in the Venom of the Solitary Eumenine Wasp Eumenes micado. Toxins. 2019; 11 (3):155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katsuhiro Konno; Kohei Kazuma; Marisa Rangel; Joacir Stolarz-De-Oliveira; Renato Fontana; Marii Kawano; Hiroyuki Fuchino; Izumi Hide; Tadashi Yasuhara; Yoshihiro Nakata. 2019. "New Mastoparan Peptides in the Venom of the Solitary Eumenine Wasp Eumenes micado." Toxins 11, no. 3: 155.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2017 in Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases
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Among the hymenopteran insect venoms, those from social wasps and bees – such as honeybee, hornets and paper wasps – have been well documented. Their venoms are composed of a number of peptides and proteins and used for defending their nests and themselves from predators. In contrast, the venoms of solitary wasps and bees have not been the object of further research. In case of solitary bees, only major peptide components in a few venoms have been addressed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the peptide component profile of the venom from the solitary bee Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans by peptidomic analysis with using LC-MS. A reverse-phase HPLC connected to ESI-OrbiTrap MS was used for LC-MS. On-line mass fingerprinting was made from TIC, and data-dependent tandem mass spectrometry gave MSMS spectra. A major peptide component was isolated by reverse-phase HPLC by conventional way, and its sequence was determined by Edman degradation, which was finally corroborated by solid phase synthesis. Using the synthetic specimen, biological activities (antimicrobial activity, mast cell devaluation, hemolysis, leishmanicidal activity) and pore formation in artificial lipid bilayer were evaluated. On-line mass fingerprinting revealed that the crude venom contained 124 components. MS/MS analysis gave 75 full sequences of the peptide components. Most of these are related to the major and novel peptide, xylopin. Its sequence, GFVALLKKLPLILKHLH-NH2, has characteristic features of linear cationic α-helical peptides; rich in hydrophobic and basic amino acids with no disulfide bond, and accordingly, it can be predicted to adopt an amphipathic α-helix secondary structure. In biological evaluation, xylopin exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and moderate mast cell degranulation and leishmanicidal activities, but showed virtually no hemolytic activity. Additionally, the peptide was able to incorporate pores in artificial lipid bilayers of azolectin, confirming the mechanism of the cytolytic activity by pore formation in biological membranes. LC-ESI-MS and MS/MS analysis of the crude venom extract from a solitary bee Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans revealed that the component profile of this venom mostly consisted of small peptides. The major peptide components, xylopin and xylopinin, were purified and characterized in a conventional manner. Their chemical and biological characteristics, belonging to linear cationic α-helical peptides, are similar to the known solitary bee venom peptides, melectin and osmin. Pore formation in artificial lipid bilayers was demonstrated for the first time with a solitary bee peptide.

ACS Style

Kohei Kazuma; Kenji Ando; Ken-Ichi Nihei; Xiaoyu Wang; Marisa Rangel; Marcia Regina Franzolin; Kanami Mori-Yasumoto; Setsuko Sekita; Makoto Kadowaki; Motoyoshi Satake; Katsuhiro Konno. Peptidomic analysis of the venom of the solitary bee Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2017, 23, 40 .

AMA Style

Kohei Kazuma, Kenji Ando, Ken-Ichi Nihei, Xiaoyu Wang, Marisa Rangel, Marcia Regina Franzolin, Kanami Mori-Yasumoto, Setsuko Sekita, Makoto Kadowaki, Motoyoshi Satake, Katsuhiro Konno. Peptidomic analysis of the venom of the solitary bee Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases. 2017; 23 (1):40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kohei Kazuma; Kenji Ando; Ken-Ichi Nihei; Xiaoyu Wang; Marisa Rangel; Marcia Regina Franzolin; Kanami Mori-Yasumoto; Setsuko Sekita; Makoto Kadowaki; Motoyoshi Satake; Katsuhiro Konno. 2017. "Peptidomic analysis of the venom of the solitary bee Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans." Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 23, no. 1: 40.

Research article
Published: 01 June 2017 in PLOS ONE
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The rapid spread of multi-drug resistant pathogens represents a serious threat to public health, considering factors such as high mortality rates, treatment restrictions and high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the hospital environment. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may exhibit powerful antimicrobial activity against different and diverse microorganisms, also presenting the advantage of absence or low toxicity towards animal cells. In this study, the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria of a recently described AMP from wasp, Polydim-I, was performed. Polydim-I presented activity against standard strains (non-carriers of multi-resistant genes) that are susceptible to commercial antimicrobials, and also against multi-drug resistant strains at concentrations bellow 1μg/ml (0.41 μM). This is a rather low concentration among those reported for AMPs. At this concentration we found out that Polydim-I inhibits almost 100% of the tested pathogens growth, while with the ATCC strains the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC100) is 400 times higher. Also, in relation to in vitro activity of conventional drugs against multi-drug resistant bacteria strains, Polydim-I is almost 10 times more efficient and with broader spectrum. Cationic AMPs are known as multi-target compounds and specially for targeting the phospholipid matrix of bacterial membranes. Exploring the interactions of Polydim-I with lipid bilayers, we have confirmed that this interaction is involved in the mechanism of action. Circular dichroism experiments showed that Polydim-I undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to a mostly helical conformation in the presence of membrane mimetic environments. Zeta potential measurements confirmed the binding and partial charge neutralization of anionic asolectin vesicles, and also suggested a possible aggregation of peptide molecules. FTIR experiments confirmed that some peptide aggregation occurs, which is minimized in the presence of strongly anionic micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Also, Polydim-I induced channel-like structures formation to asolectin lipid bilayers, as demonstrated in the electrophysiology experiments. We suggest that cationic Polydim-I targets the membrane lipids due to electrostatic attraction, partially accumulates, neutralizing the opposite charges and induces pore formation. Similar mechanism of action has already been suggested for other peptides from wasp venoms, especially mastoparans.

ACS Style

Marisa Rangel; Fabíola Fernandes Dos Santos Castro; Lilian Daiene Mota-Lima; Patricia Bianca Clissa; Danubia Batista Martins; Marcia P. Dos Santos Cabrera; Marcia Renata Mortari. Polydim-I antimicrobial activity against MDR bacteria and its model membrane interaction. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0178785 .

AMA Style

Marisa Rangel, Fabíola Fernandes Dos Santos Castro, Lilian Daiene Mota-Lima, Patricia Bianca Clissa, Danubia Batista Martins, Marcia P. Dos Santos Cabrera, Marcia Renata Mortari. Polydim-I antimicrobial activity against MDR bacteria and its model membrane interaction. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (6):e0178785.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marisa Rangel; Fabíola Fernandes Dos Santos Castro; Lilian Daiene Mota-Lima; Patricia Bianca Clissa; Danubia Batista Martins; Marcia P. Dos Santos Cabrera; Marcia Renata Mortari. 2017. "Polydim-I antimicrobial activity against MDR bacteria and its model membrane interaction." PLOS ONE 12, no. 6: e0178785.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
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Mastoparans, a class of peptides found in wasp venom, have significant effects following a sting as well as useful applications in clinical practice. Among these is their potential use in the control of micro-organisms that cause infectious diseases with a significant impact on society. Thus, the present study describes the isolation and identification of a mastoparan peptide from the venom of the social wasp Pseudopolybia vespiceps and evaluated its antimicrobial profile against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense), fungi (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans) and in vivo S. aureus infection. The membrane pore-forming ability was also assessed. The mastoparan reduced in vitro and ex vivo mycobacterial growth by 80% at 12.5 µM in infected peritoneal macrophages but did not affect the shape of bacterial cells at the dose tested (6.25 µM). The peptide also showed potent action against S. aureus in vitro (EC and EC values of 1.83 µM and 2.90 µM, respectively) and reduced the in vivo bacterial load after 6 days of topical treatment (5 mg/kg). Antifungal activity was significant, with EC and EC values of 12.9 µM and 15.3 µM, respectively, for C. albicans, and 11 µM and 22.70 µM, respectively, for C. neoformans. Peptides are currently attracting interest for their potential in the design of antimicrobial drugs, particularly due to the difficulty of micro-organisms in developing resistance to them. In this respect, Polybia-MPII proved to be highly effective, with a lower haemolysis rate compared with peptides of the same family.

ACS Style

Juliana C. Silva; Lázaro M. Neto; Rogério C. Neves; Jaqueline C. Gonçalves; Monalisa M. Trentini; Ricardo Mucury-Filho; Karina S. Smidt; Isabel C. Fensterseifer; Osmar N. Silva; Lilian D. Lima; Patricia B. Clissa; Nathália Vilela; Fernanda Guilhelmelli; Luciano P. Silva; Marisa Rangel; Andre Kipnis; Ildinete Silva Pereira; Octavio Franco; Ana P. Junqueira-Kipnis; Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca; Márcia R. Mortari. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the mastoparan Polybia-MPII isolated from venom of the social wasp Pseudopolybia vespiceps testacea (Vespidae, Hymenoptera). International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2017, 49, 167 -175.

AMA Style

Juliana C. Silva, Lázaro M. Neto, Rogério C. Neves, Jaqueline C. Gonçalves, Monalisa M. Trentini, Ricardo Mucury-Filho, Karina S. Smidt, Isabel C. Fensterseifer, Osmar N. Silva, Lilian D. Lima, Patricia B. Clissa, Nathália Vilela, Fernanda Guilhelmelli, Luciano P. Silva, Marisa Rangel, Andre Kipnis, Ildinete Silva Pereira, Octavio Franco, Ana P. Junqueira-Kipnis, Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca, Márcia R. Mortari. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the mastoparan Polybia-MPII isolated from venom of the social wasp Pseudopolybia vespiceps testacea (Vespidae, Hymenoptera). International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2017; 49 (2):167-175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juliana C. Silva; Lázaro M. Neto; Rogério C. Neves; Jaqueline C. Gonçalves; Monalisa M. Trentini; Ricardo Mucury-Filho; Karina S. Smidt; Isabel C. Fensterseifer; Osmar N. Silva; Lilian D. Lima; Patricia B. Clissa; Nathália Vilela; Fernanda Guilhelmelli; Luciano P. Silva; Marisa Rangel; Andre Kipnis; Ildinete Silva Pereira; Octavio Franco; Ana P. Junqueira-Kipnis; Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca; Márcia R. Mortari. 2017. "Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the mastoparan Polybia-MPII isolated from venom of the social wasp Pseudopolybia vespiceps testacea (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 49, no. 2: 167-175.

Review
Published: 06 January 2017 in Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases
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Viruses exhibit rapid mutational capacity to trick and infect host cells, sometimes assisted through virus-coded peptides that counteract host cellular immune defense. Although a large number of compounds have been identified as inhibiting various viral infections and disease progression, it is urgent to achieve the discovery of more effective agents. Furthermore, proportionally to the great variety of diseases caused by viruses, very few viral vaccines are available, and not all are efficient. Thus, new antiviral substances obtained from natural products have been prospected, including those derived from venomous animals. Venoms are complex mixtures of hundreds of molecules, mostly peptides, that present a large array of biological activities and evolved to putatively target the biochemical machinery of different pathogens or host cellular structures. In addition, non-venomous compounds, such as some body fluids of invertebrate organisms, exhibit antiviral activity. This review provides a panorama of peptides described from animal venoms that present antiviral activity, thereby reinforcing them as important tools for the development of new therapeutic drugs.

ACS Style

Élida Cleyse Gomes Da Mata; Caroline Barbosa Farias Mourão; Marisa Rangel; Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz. Antiviral activity of animal venom peptides and related compounds. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2017, 23, 3 .

AMA Style

Élida Cleyse Gomes Da Mata, Caroline Barbosa Farias Mourão, Marisa Rangel, Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz. Antiviral activity of animal venom peptides and related compounds. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases. 2017; 23 (1):3.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Élida Cleyse Gomes Da Mata; Caroline Barbosa Farias Mourão; Marisa Rangel; Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz. 2017. "Antiviral activity of animal venom peptides and related compounds." Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 23, no. 1: 3.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Toxicon
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Analgesic therapy is based on the sequential treatment of pain, in which opioids are drugs of last resource and known to be highly effective, but are also responsible for undesirable side effects, tolerance and addiction. There is a need for new drugs with alternative targets in order to minimize side effects and improve treatment efficacy. Mastoparans are an abundant class of peptides in wasp venom and have shown great potential as new drugs, as well as being excellent tools for the study of G-protein-coupled receptors. The objective of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive activity of the mastoparan Agelaia-MP I and the mechanisms involved. Agelaia-MP I (MW 1565 Da) showed dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in mice submitted to i.c.v. injection in two different models. The highest dose produced a maximum effect for up to four hours, and nociception remained low three days after injection. Further experiments showed that Agelaia-MPI induced partial and reversible blockade of the amplitude of action potential, probably interacting with voltage-gated sodium channels. These results revealed the significant potential impact of compounds isolated from wasp venom on the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the antinociceptive effect described here is a novel activity for mastoparans.

ACS Style

Jacqueline Gonçalves; Marisa Rangel; Andréia Biolchi; Eveline Alves; Karla Moreira; Luciano Silva; Márcia Mortari. Antinociceptive properties of the mastoparan peptide Agelaia-MPI isolated from social wasps. Toxicon 2016, 120, 15 -21.

AMA Style

Jacqueline Gonçalves, Marisa Rangel, Andréia Biolchi, Eveline Alves, Karla Moreira, Luciano Silva, Márcia Mortari. Antinociceptive properties of the mastoparan peptide Agelaia-MPI isolated from social wasps. Toxicon. 2016; 120 ():15-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacqueline Gonçalves; Marisa Rangel; Andréia Biolchi; Eveline Alves; Karla Moreira; Luciano Silva; Márcia Mortari. 2016. "Antinociceptive properties of the mastoparan peptide Agelaia-MPI isolated from social wasps." Toxicon 120, no. : 15-21.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2014 in Marine Drugs
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Cyanobacteria are common members of the freshwater microbiota in lakes and drinking water reservoirs, and are responsible for several cases of human intoxications in Brazil. Pseudanabaena galeata and Geitlerinema splendidum are examples of the toxic species that are very frequently found in reservoirs in Sao Paulo, which is the most densely populated area in Brazil. In the search for toxic strains collected from water reservoirs and maintained in the Cyanobacterial Culture Collection (CCIBt) of the Institute of Botany of Brazil, the acetic acid extracts (AE) of P. galeata CCIBt 3082 and G. splendidum CCIBt 3223 were analyzed by planar chromatography, which indicated the absence of cyanotoxins. Animal tests were then carried out, and both extracts were found to induce toxic effects in mice when administered intraperitoneally. The present study aimed to investigate whether the oral ingestion of the above mentioned cyanobacteria extracts would also induce toxic effects in mice. Necropsy and histopathological studies were conducted using tissue samples from the animals, which were euthanized one week after the administration of the extracts. The AE of P. galeata did not cause death but did induce transient symptoms, including eyebrow ptosis, straub tail, and pain. The euthanized animals presented hemorrhage in the liver, whereas the histological analysis showed disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma, necrosis, hyperemia, and proximity of the centrilobular vein in the liver. In addition, alterations in the convoluted tubules of the kidneys were observed, and the lungs were unaffected. The AE of G. splendidum caused only one death, and induced transient symptoms, such as dyspnea, paralysis, and pain, in the other mice. The necropsy of the euthanized mice showed hemorrhage in the lungs and liver. The lungs presented hemorrhagic focuses, alveolar collapse, and granulomatous foci. The liver presented hemorrhagic and enlarged sinusoids, hyperemia, proximity of the centrilobular vein, and disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma. Some areas also exhibited an inflammatory infiltrate and calcified tissue inside blood vessels. Necrosis and rupture of the convoluted tubule cells were observed in the kidneys. Further analysis of the both extracts indicated the lack of hemolytic activity, and the presence of two unknown anti-AChE substances in the AE of G. splendidum. Thus, P. galeata and G. splendidum are producers of novel toxins that affect mammals when administered orally.

ACS Style

Marisa Rangel; Joyce C. G. Martins; Angélica Nunes Garcia; Geanne A. A. Conserva; Adriana Costa-Neves; Célia Leite Sant'anna; Luciana Retz De Carvalho. Analysis of the Toxicity and Histopathology Induced by the Oral Administration of Pseudanabaena galeata and Geitlerinema splendidum (Cyanobacteria) Extracts to Mice. Marine Drugs 2014, 12, 508 -524.

AMA Style

Marisa Rangel, Joyce C. G. Martins, Angélica Nunes Garcia, Geanne A. A. Conserva, Adriana Costa-Neves, Célia Leite Sant'anna, Luciana Retz De Carvalho. Analysis of the Toxicity and Histopathology Induced by the Oral Administration of Pseudanabaena galeata and Geitlerinema splendidum (Cyanobacteria) Extracts to Mice. Marine Drugs. 2014; 12 (1):508-524.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marisa Rangel; Joyce C. G. Martins; Angélica Nunes Garcia; Geanne A. A. Conserva; Adriana Costa-Neves; Célia Leite Sant'anna; Luciana Retz De Carvalho. 2014. "Analysis of the Toxicity and Histopathology Induced by the Oral Administration of Pseudanabaena galeata and Geitlerinema splendidum (Cyanobacteria) Extracts to Mice." Marine Drugs 12, no. 1: 508-524.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2013 in Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
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ACS Style

Luciana R. Carvalho; Adriana Costa-Neves; Geanne A.A. Conserva; Rafael L. Brunetti; Guilherme S. Hentschke; Camila F.S. Malone; Luce M.B. Torres; Célia L. Sant’Anna; Marisa Rangel. Biologically active compounds from cyanobacteria extracts:in vivo and in vitro aspects. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2013, 23, 471 -480.

AMA Style

Luciana R. Carvalho, Adriana Costa-Neves, Geanne A.A. Conserva, Rafael L. Brunetti, Guilherme S. Hentschke, Camila F.S. Malone, Luce M.B. Torres, Célia L. Sant’Anna, Marisa Rangel. Biologically active compounds from cyanobacteria extracts:in vivo and in vitro aspects. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2013; 23 (3):471-480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luciana R. Carvalho; Adriana Costa-Neves; Geanne A.A. Conserva; Rafael L. Brunetti; Guilherme S. Hentschke; Camila F.S. Malone; Luce M.B. Torres; Célia L. Sant’Anna; Marisa Rangel. 2013. "Biologically active compounds from cyanobacteria extracts:in vivo and in vitro aspects." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 23, no. 3: 471-480.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2012 in Phytochemistry Reviews
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Cyanobacteria are commonly found in drinking water supplies, and are responsible by numerous cases of humans’ intoxications. Geitlerinema is a genus described as unable to form blooms, however, it is very frequent in Sao Paulo’s reservoirs, the most densely populated area in Brazil. During the search for bioactive substances from strains maintained in the Cyanobacteria Culture Collection of the Institute of Botany, Sao Paulo, Brazil, three strains of Geitlerinema spp. (CCIBt920, CCIBt1044—G. amphibium; CCIBt939—G. splendidum) showed toxicity in mouse bioassay (i.p.). The symptoms observed in this bioassay were very distinct from those presented by animals poisoned with the already known cyanotoxins. In such cases, histological analysis of vital organs is very important to determine the cause of deaths and intoxication. Histological analyses were performed in mice administrated with CCIBt920 and CCIBt1044 methanol extract (ME), and CCIBt939 0.1 M acetic acid extract (AE). All extracts caused very similar histopathological features: hemorrhagic focuses, edema, alveolar collapse and hyperplasia in the lungs, due to an increase in the number of immune system cells (macrophages); disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma, necrosis, loss of vein endothelium, presence of polymorphonuclear cells in the liver; alterations in the convoluted tubules and necrotic areas in the kidneys of mice intoxicated with CCIBt939 AE, while the other G. amphibium extracts had no major effects in this organ. The histopathological findings indicate the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the mice treated with these cyanobacteria extracts. Taken together, our results suggest the presence of new cyanotoxins(s), different from the known cyanotoxins. The isolation and characterization of this toxin(s) are in progress in our laboratories.

ACS Style

M. Rangel; R. L. Brunetti; A. N. Garcia; C. C. N. Cambui; G. A. A. Conserva; A. C. Neves; C. L. Sant’Anna; L. R. Carvalho. Acute effects of three Geitlerinema spp. (Cyanobacteria) extracts administrated in mice: symptoms and histopathological aspects. Phytochemistry Reviews 2012, 12, 543 -553.

AMA Style

M. Rangel, R. L. Brunetti, A. N. Garcia, C. C. N. Cambui, G. A. A. Conserva, A. C. Neves, C. L. Sant’Anna, L. R. Carvalho. Acute effects of three Geitlerinema spp. (Cyanobacteria) extracts administrated in mice: symptoms and histopathological aspects. Phytochemistry Reviews. 2012; 12 (3):543-553.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Rangel; R. L. Brunetti; A. N. Garcia; C. C. N. Cambui; G. A. A. Conserva; A. C. Neves; C. L. Sant’Anna; L. R. Carvalho. 2012. "Acute effects of three Geitlerinema spp. (Cyanobacteria) extracts administrated in mice: symptoms and histopathological aspects." Phytochemistry Reviews 12, no. 3: 543-553.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2011 in Toxicon
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Toxic cyanobacteria in public water reservoirs may cause severe health issues for livestock and human beings. Geitlerinema amphibium, which is frequently found in São Paulo City's drinking water supplies, showed toxicity in the standard mouse bioassay, while displaying signs of intoxication and post-mortem findings different from those showed by animals intoxicated by known cyanotoxins. We report here the alterations caused by G. amphibium methanolic extract on mouse microcirculatory network, as seen by in vivo intravital microscopy, besides observations on leukocyte migration, cytokine quantitation, and results of toxicological essays. Our data showed that G. amphibium methanolic extract displayed time- and dose-dependent pro-inflammatory activity, and that at lower doses [125 and 250 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] increased the leukocyte rolling, caused partial venular stasis, as well as induced an increase in leukocyte counts in the peripheral blood and peritoneal washings. At higher doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w.), the extract caused ischemic injury leading to animal death. As confirmed by mass spectrometric studies and polymyxin B test, the G. amphibium methanolic extract did not contain lipopolysaccharides.

ACS Style

Camila Ranzatto Dogo; Fernanda Miriane Bruni; Fabiana Elias; Marisa Rangel; Patricia Araujo Pantoja; Célia Leite Sant’Anna; Carla Lima; Monica Lopes-Ferreira; Luciana Retz De Carvalho. Inflammatory effects of the toxic cyanobacterium Geitlerinema amphibium. Toxicon 2011, 58, 464 -470.

AMA Style

Camila Ranzatto Dogo, Fernanda Miriane Bruni, Fabiana Elias, Marisa Rangel, Patricia Araujo Pantoja, Célia Leite Sant’Anna, Carla Lima, Monica Lopes-Ferreira, Luciana Retz De Carvalho. Inflammatory effects of the toxic cyanobacterium Geitlerinema amphibium. Toxicon. 2011; 58 (6):464-470.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Camila Ranzatto Dogo; Fernanda Miriane Bruni; Fabiana Elias; Marisa Rangel; Patricia Araujo Pantoja; Célia Leite Sant’Anna; Carla Lima; Monica Lopes-Ferreira; Luciana Retz De Carvalho. 2011. "Inflammatory effects of the toxic cyanobacterium Geitlerinema amphibium." Toxicon 58, no. 6: 464-470.