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Mohammad Ghalambaz
Metamaterials for Mechanical, Biomechanical and Multiphysical Applications Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

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Journal article
Published: 02 August 2021 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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Numerical investigations of the melting/solidification in a metal foam saturated with phase change material (PCM) were performed for simultaneous and consecutive operational modes. The composite is embedded in a rectangular compound cooled by passing air in a middle channel which is then employed to heat the room as a space heater. The composite is heated by two-rod heating elements to store thermal energy for peak-shaving purposes. The study covered the evaluation of the system in different operational modes for charging and discharging rate, the impacts of the metal foam and the influence of coolant flow rate on the solidification performance. The presence of PCM on one hand due to having almost constant temperature during the phase change process and the use of metal foam on the other hand due to proving high heat transfer rate from the PCM to the coolant, help in providing a uniform output temperature from the system which is a key factor for highly efficient space heaters. Moreover, evaluation of the operational modes can help to understand the behavior of the system in real scenarios when there is a need to charge the storage system and heat the room (discharging) simultaneously. The results show that the melting process is fully achieved due to the faster-charging process rate in modes I (8-hour charging and 8-hour discharging separately) and III (2-hour charging and 14-hour simultaneous charging-discharging), compared with mode II (2-hour charging and 2-hour discharging separately, repeated for 16 h). The temperature distribution in Mode III was more constant, which produced uniform heat exchanged between the PCM and the cooling fluid. The porosity is inversely proportional to the liquid development rate. The PCM melts entirely within 6.5 h for 90% porosity while 78% of the PCM melts in 8 h for the 95% porosity case. The final mean PCM temperature changed from 69.9 °C to 66.4 °C, when the air flow rate increases from 0.01 kg/s to 0.03 kg/s.

ACS Style

Jasim M. Mahdi; Hayder I. Mohammed; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Mohammad Ghalambaz; Hasan Sh. Majdi; Afrasyab Khan; Wahiba Yaïci; Donald Giddings. Simultaneous and consecutive charging and discharging of a PCM-based domestic air heater with metal foam. Applied Thermal Engineering 2021, 197, 117408 .

AMA Style

Jasim M. Mahdi, Hayder I. Mohammed, Pouyan Talebizadehsardari, Mohammad Ghalambaz, Hasan Sh. Majdi, Afrasyab Khan, Wahiba Yaïci, Donald Giddings. Simultaneous and consecutive charging and discharging of a PCM-based domestic air heater with metal foam. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2021; 197 ():117408.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jasim M. Mahdi; Hayder I. Mohammed; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Mohammad Ghalambaz; Hasan Sh. Majdi; Afrasyab Khan; Wahiba Yaïci; Donald Giddings. 2021. "Simultaneous and consecutive charging and discharging of a PCM-based domestic air heater with metal foam." Applied Thermal Engineering 197, no. : 117408.

Regular article
Published: 29 July 2021 in The European Physical Journal Plus
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Study on complicated flows around bluff bodies is significant in terms of flow physics and various engineering applications. In the current paper, a simulation of the flow past an elliptical moving belt along with the Magnus effect in a transitional flow regime was performed. The angle of attack and rotational speed of the moving belt were considered as the variable parameters at a fixed Reynolds number of 105 and ellipse axis ratio (minor to major diameter ratio) of 0.25. The belt motion was such that the ellipse's upper surface was moved in the same direction of the flow and the lower surface motion was in the opposite direction. The numerical simulation procedure was based on the discretization of two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using a pressure-based solver. A modified version of the k-kL-ω turbulence model with the ability to predict separation bubbles was utilized. A large eddy simulation (LES) was also performed to ensure the validity of the two-dimensional assumption and the utilized turbulence model. Results indicated that the belt motion led to a decrease in the boundary layer thickness on the upper surface and an increase in the boundary layer thickness on the belt's lower surface. Moreover, as the attack angle increased, the turbulence on the upper and lower surfaces increased and decreased, respectively. The aerodynamic analysis showed that the belt motion enhanced the lift coefficient and reduced the elliptical belt drag coefficient.

ACS Style

Erfan Salimipour; Shima Yazdani; Mohammad Ghalambaz. Flow field analysis of an elliptical moving belt in transitional flow regime. The European Physical Journal Plus 2021, 136, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Erfan Salimipour, Shima Yazdani, Mohammad Ghalambaz. Flow field analysis of an elliptical moving belt in transitional flow regime. The European Physical Journal Plus. 2021; 136 (7):1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erfan Salimipour; Shima Yazdani; Mohammad Ghalambaz. 2021. "Flow field analysis of an elliptical moving belt in transitional flow regime." The European Physical Journal Plus 136, no. 7: 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2021 in International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
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The incorporation of simultaneous passive and active techniques for enhancing heat transfer has been a promising area of research in the last decades. As such, in the present study, thermal convection heat transfer of a hybrid nanofluid in a square cavity subjected to simultaneous effects of gravitational and vibrational forces has been addressed. Initially, the cavity, saturated with Ag-MgO hybrid nanofluid, is stagnant and in thermal equilibrium. Then, the sidewalls of the cavity are heated isothermally, and the cavity starts vibrating in a vertical direction. The upper and lower walls are kept adiabatic. Galerkin finite element method with a very small- and adaptive-time step has been used to precisely capture the impact of vibrational force on the flow and thermal fields in high frequencies. Impacts of vibration frequency, gravitational and vibration Rayleigh numbers, and the volume fraction of hybrid nano-additives are studied. It has been revealed that the external vibration amplifies the rate of heat transfer for all the studied frequencies. Moreover, although the presence of the nanoparticles seems to have a very limited effect on the effectiveness of heating, the effect of the nanoparticle concentration on the heat transfer intensity varies with time.

ACS Style

S.A.M. Mehryan; Piran Goudarzi; Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh; Maryam Ghodrat; Obai Younis; Mohammad Ghalambaz. Thermal vibrational and gravitational analysis of a hybrid aqueous suspension comprising Ag–MgO hybrid nano-additives. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 2021, 126, 105345 .

AMA Style

S.A.M. Mehryan, Piran Goudarzi, Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh, Maryam Ghodrat, Obai Younis, Mohammad Ghalambaz. Thermal vibrational and gravitational analysis of a hybrid aqueous suspension comprising Ag–MgO hybrid nano-additives. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer. 2021; 126 ():105345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.A.M. Mehryan; Piran Goudarzi; Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh; Maryam Ghodrat; Obai Younis; Mohammad Ghalambaz. 2021. "Thermal vibrational and gravitational analysis of a hybrid aqueous suspension comprising Ag–MgO hybrid nano-additives." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 126, no. : 105345.

Review article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
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The enhancement of heat transfer between parallel surfaces, including parallel plates, parallel disks, and two concentric pipes, is vital because of their wide applications ranging from lubrication systems to water purification processes. Various techniques can be utilized to enhance heat transfer in such systems. Adding nanoparticles to the conventional working fluids is an effective solution that could remarkably enhance the heat transfer rate. No published review article focuses on the recent advances in nanofluid flow between parallel surfaces; therefore, the present paper aims to review the latest experimental and numerical studies on the flow and heat transfer of nanofluids (mixtures of nanoparticles and conventional working fluids) in such configurations. For the performance analysis of thermal systems composed of parallel surfaces and operating with nanofluids, it is necessary to know the physical phenomena and parameters that influence the flow and heat transfer characteristics in these systems. Significant results obtained from this review indicate that, in most cases, the heat transfer rate between parallel surfaces is enhanced with an increase in the Rayleigh number, the Reynolds number, the magnetic number, and Brownian motion. On the other hand, an increase in thermophoresis parameter, as well as flow parameters, including the Eckert number, buoyancy ratio, Hartmann number, and Lewis number, leads to heat transfer rate reduction.

ACS Style

Mohammad Amani; Pouria Amani; Mehdi Bahiraei; Mohammad Ghalambaz; Goodarz Ahmadi; Lian-Ping Wang; Somchai Wongwises; Omid Mahian. Latest developments in nanofluid flow and heat transfer between parallel surfaces: A critical review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 2021, 294, 102450 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Amani, Pouria Amani, Mehdi Bahiraei, Mohammad Ghalambaz, Goodarz Ahmadi, Lian-Ping Wang, Somchai Wongwises, Omid Mahian. Latest developments in nanofluid flow and heat transfer between parallel surfaces: A critical review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 2021; 294 ():102450.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Amani; Pouria Amani; Mehdi Bahiraei; Mohammad Ghalambaz; Goodarz Ahmadi; Lian-Ping Wang; Somchai Wongwises; Omid Mahian. 2021. "Latest developments in nanofluid flow and heat transfer between parallel surfaces: A critical review." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 294, no. : 102450.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Symmetry
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Mixing is essential in microdevices. Therefore, increasing the mixing efficiency has a significant influence on these devices. Using conductive obstacles with special geometry can improve the mixing quality of the micromixers. In this paper, a numerical study on the mixing caused by an induced-charge electrokinetic micromixer was carried out using a conductive plate with a curved arc shape instead of a conductive flat plate or other non-conductive obstacles for Newtonian fluids. This study also explored the effect of the different radius curves, span length, the number of curved arc plates in the channel, the pattern of arrangement, concavity direction, and the orientation angle against the flow on the mixing. Furthermore, the efficiency of the T-micromixer against a flow with a low diffusion coefficient was investigated. It should be noted that the considered channel is symmetric regarding to the middle horizontal plane and an addition of flat plate reflects a formation of symmetric flow structures that do not allow to improve the mixture process. While an addition of non-symmetric curved arc plates al-lows to increase the mixing by creating vortices. These vortices were created owing to the non-uniform distribution of induced zeta potential on the curved arc plate. A rise in the span length of the curved arc plate when the radius was constant improved the mixing. When three arc plates in one concavity direction were used, the mixing efficiency was 91.86%, and with a change in the concavity direction, the mixing efficiency increased to 95.44%. With a change in the orientation angle from 0 to 25, the mixing efficiency increased by 19.2%.

ACS Style

Vahabodin Goodarzi; Saeed Jafarbeygi; Ramezan Taheri; Mikhail Sheremet; Mohammad Ghalambaz. Numerical Investigation of Mixing by Induced Electrokinetic Flow in T-Micromixer with Conductive Curved Arc Plate. Symmetry 2021, 13, 915 .

AMA Style

Vahabodin Goodarzi, Saeed Jafarbeygi, Ramezan Taheri, Mikhail Sheremet, Mohammad Ghalambaz. Numerical Investigation of Mixing by Induced Electrokinetic Flow in T-Micromixer with Conductive Curved Arc Plate. Symmetry. 2021; 13 (6):915.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vahabodin Goodarzi; Saeed Jafarbeygi; Ramezan Taheri; Mikhail Sheremet; Mohammad Ghalambaz. 2021. "Numerical Investigation of Mixing by Induced Electrokinetic Flow in T-Micromixer with Conductive Curved Arc Plate." Symmetry 13, no. 6: 915.

Research article
Published: 14 May 2021 in International Journal of Energy Research
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A gas‐to‐gas membrane humidifier recovers heat and water from the wet hot exhaust gas of a proton electrolyte membrane fuel cell and keeps the inlet feed air of the cell warm and humid. This type of humidifier does not need external water sources, and it is compact and efficient with practical applications in portable devices and automobiles. In the present study, four potential designs of gas‐to‐gas planar membrane humidifiers were introduced, and their characteristic behavior was examined. The simulation results showed that the geometrical design of the humidifier channels could notably influence the efficiency of the device. It was found that a three‐inlet serpentine humidifier could provide the largest water recovery ratio and the heat transfer rate among the proposed designs, with a slight increase in the pressure drop. Hence, the three‐inlet design was selected as the optimal geometrical design of the humidifier. Then, the impacts of design parameters on the characteristic behavior of the three‐channel model were explored. The results show an increase in the outlet (wet side) temperature and relative humidity enhances the water recovery and efficiency of the humidifier. The outcomes of the present research are of practical interest for the design of novel commercial humidifiers.

ACS Style

Bing‐Bing Wang; Wen‐Ken Li; Chung‐Yuan Lee; Wei‐Mon Yan; Mohammad Ghalambaz. A novel geometrical design of gas‐to‐gas planar membrane humidifier for proton electrolyte membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Energy Research 2021, 45, 16228 -16241.

AMA Style

Bing‐Bing Wang, Wen‐Ken Li, Chung‐Yuan Lee, Wei‐Mon Yan, Mohammad Ghalambaz. A novel geometrical design of gas‐to‐gas planar membrane humidifier for proton electrolyte membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Energy Research. 2021; 45 (11):16228-16241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bing‐Bing Wang; Wen‐Ken Li; Chung‐Yuan Lee; Wei‐Mon Yan; Mohammad Ghalambaz. 2021. "A novel geometrical design of gas‐to‐gas planar membrane humidifier for proton electrolyte membrane fuel cells." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 11: 16228-16241.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2021 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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Due to the remarkable energy savings, isothermal nature of the operation and low costs, energy storage with phase-change materials (PCMs) is a reliable technology for filling the gap between energy supply and demand. In this paper, an attempt has been made to modify the storage functionality of PCM in a plate type heat exchanger with zigzag configuration. A two-dimensional, time-dependent simulation model for the PCM phase transition during the charging and discharging modes has been developed and validated via earlier related findings. The effects of zigzag angle orientation, inlet flowrate and mean temperature of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) are thoroughly studied and revealed. Results show that increasing the angle of zigzag orientation has no noticeable impact on the development of phase transition during the early stages of operation. However, this effect becomes more noticeable and almost leads to faster storage/retrieval rates as time further elapses. It is found that the system with the zigzag angle of 60° augments the storage rate by 32.6% compared with the system of 30° zigzag angle. Also, higher HTF temperature and/or higher Reynold number result in faster phase-transition rates during both parts of the energy charging-discharging cycle.

ACS Style

Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Jasim M. Mahdi; Hayder I. Mohammed; M.A. Moghimi; Amir Hossein Eisapour; Mohammad Ghalambaz. Consecutive charging and discharging of a PCM-based plate heat exchanger with zigzag configuration. Applied Thermal Engineering 2021, 193, 116970 .

AMA Style

Pouyan Talebizadehsardari, Jasim M. Mahdi, Hayder I. Mohammed, M.A. Moghimi, Amir Hossein Eisapour, Mohammad Ghalambaz. Consecutive charging and discharging of a PCM-based plate heat exchanger with zigzag configuration. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2021; 193 ():116970.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Jasim M. Mahdi; Hayder I. Mohammed; M.A. Moghimi; Amir Hossein Eisapour; Mohammad Ghalambaz. 2021. "Consecutive charging and discharging of a PCM-based plate heat exchanger with zigzag configuration." Applied Thermal Engineering 193, no. : 116970.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2021 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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The thermal performance and response time of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) units are mainly limited by the enclosure design and the low thermal conductivity of the storage medium. In the present study, the performance of petal-shape pipes in a shell and tube TES unit was numerically modeled and analyzed. The integration of the finite element method, a mesh adaptation approach, and an adaptive time-step scheme, was used to robustly simulate the phase change process and energy storage in the TES unit. The enclosure was considered fixed both dimensionally and by volume, which acts as a design constraint. The impacts of using two types of nano-additives, Cu and GO nanoparticles, and the geometrical aspects of the petal pipe on the thermal behavior of the TES unit were investigated. To find the optimal design of the TES unit with the maximum thermal energy power, the Taguchi optimization method was employed and a sensitivity analysis was performed. The copper nano-additives showed a better performance than the graphene oxide nano-additives. Although the surface area of the petal-pipe was fixed, its geometric shape was the most important parameter for maximizing the energy storage power of the TES unit. The optimum design could improve the amount of storage energy by 23.3% (Cu) and 22.5% (GO) NePCM compared to average designs. Based on an ANOVA analysis, the amplitude of petal shape could influence the total energy storage with a contribution ratio of about 41%, while the nanoparticles' contribution was 5–6%. An optimal design of a petal tube and Cu nanoparticles could improve the heat transfer by 45% compared to a circular tube with no nanoparticles.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; S.A.M. Mehryan; Ali Veismoradi; Mahboobeh Mahdavi; Iman Zahmatkesh; Zahra Kazemi; Obai Younis; Mehdi Ghalambaz; Ali J. Chamkha. Melting process of the nano-enhanced phase change material (NePCM) in an optimized design of shell and tube thermal energy storage (TES): Taguchi optimization approach. Applied Thermal Engineering 2021, 193, 116945 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz, S.A.M. Mehryan, Ali Veismoradi, Mahboobeh Mahdavi, Iman Zahmatkesh, Zahra Kazemi, Obai Younis, Mehdi Ghalambaz, Ali J. Chamkha. Melting process of the nano-enhanced phase change material (NePCM) in an optimized design of shell and tube thermal energy storage (TES): Taguchi optimization approach. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2021; 193 ():116945.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; S.A.M. Mehryan; Ali Veismoradi; Mahboobeh Mahdavi; Iman Zahmatkesh; Zahra Kazemi; Obai Younis; Mehdi Ghalambaz; Ali J. Chamkha. 2021. "Melting process of the nano-enhanced phase change material (NePCM) in an optimized design of shell and tube thermal energy storage (TES): Taguchi optimization approach." Applied Thermal Engineering 193, no. : 116945.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Applied Mathematical Modelling
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Poor thermal conductivity of phase change materials is the principal burden against their widespread applications. As such, numerous single or hybrid techniques have been proposed to lower the thermal resistance of PCMs. In the present paper, a hybrid approach, including the dispersing of nano-sized particles and embedding in a porous medium, is employed to augment the rate of heat transfer and melting process of the resulting nano-enhanced PCM (NePCM). Aluminum foam has been used as the solid matrix, and phase change heat transfer of a NePCM comprising n-octadecane as the phase change substance and nano-sized particles of mesoporous silica (MPSiO2) is studied in the present paper. Previous experimental studies have shown that, although n-octadecane behaves as a Newtonian fluid, the mentioned NePCM behavior deviates from Newtonian fluids. Hence, in the present study, the thermal and hydrodynamic behaviors of the non-Newtonian suspension of the NePCM in porous media are investigated numerically. Governing equations, including mass and momentum conservation for the liquid NePCM and energy equation for both solid and liquid phases, are solved using the Galerkin Finite Element Method. The deformed mesh technique is employed to address the movement of the melting front. The finite element code has been validated against several experimental and numerical works and proved to be admissibly accurate. Results show that owing to the alteration of the rheological and thermophysical characteristics of the NePCM, increasing concentration of the nanoparticles reduces the average Nusselt number and the normalized melt volume fraction (NMVF). It is also found that porosity plays an important role in the phase change rate. While the steady-state condition is achieved faster in the case with the lowest porosity, the maximum NMVF is achieved in the case with the highest porosity after Fo=0.02.

ACS Style

S.A.M. Mehryan; Mohammad Ghalambaz; Mohammad Vaezi; Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh; Nima Sedaghatizadeh; Obai Younis; Ali J. Chamkha; Hani Abulkhair. Non-Newtonian phase change study of nano-enhanced n-octadecane comprising mesoporous silica in a porous medium. Applied Mathematical Modelling 2021, 97, 463 -482.

AMA Style

S.A.M. Mehryan, Mohammad Ghalambaz, Mohammad Vaezi, Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh, Nima Sedaghatizadeh, Obai Younis, Ali J. Chamkha, Hani Abulkhair. Non-Newtonian phase change study of nano-enhanced n-octadecane comprising mesoporous silica in a porous medium. Applied Mathematical Modelling. 2021; 97 ():463-482.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.A.M. Mehryan; Mohammad Ghalambaz; Mohammad Vaezi; Seyed Mohsen Hashem Zadeh; Nima Sedaghatizadeh; Obai Younis; Ali J. Chamkha; Hani Abulkhair. 2021. "Non-Newtonian phase change study of nano-enhanced n-octadecane comprising mesoporous silica in a porous medium." Applied Mathematical Modelling 97, no. : 463-482.

Research article
Published: 24 March 2021 in PLOS ONE
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In the present study, the thermal energy storage of a hot petal tube inside a shell-tube type Thermal Energy Storage (TES) unit was addressed. The shell is filled with the capric acid Phase Change Material (PCM) and absorbs the heat from a hot U-tube petal. The governing equations for the natural convection flow of molten PCM and phase change heat transfer were introduced by using the enthalpy-porosity approach. An automatic adaptive mesh scheme was used to track the melting interface. The accuracy and convergence of numerical computations were also controlled by a free step Backward Differentiation Formula. The modeling results were compared with previous experimental data. It was found that the present adaptive mesh approach can adequately the melting heat transfer, and an excellent agreement was found with available literature. The effect of geometrical designs of the petal tube was investigated on the melting response of the thermal energy storage unit. The phase change behavior was analyzed by using temperature distribution contours. The results showed that petal tubes could notably increase the melting rate in the TES unit compared to a typical circular tube. Besides, the more the petal numbers, the better the heat transfer. Using a petal tube could increase the charging power by 44% compared to a circular tube. The placement angle of the tubes is another important design factor which should be selected carefully. For instance, vertical placement of tubes could improve the charging power by 300% compared to a case with the tubes’ horizontal placement.

ACS Style

S. A. M. Mehryan; Kaamran Raahemifar; Sayed Reza Ramezani; Ahmad Hajjar; Obai Younis; Pouyan Talebizadeh Sardari; Mohammad Ghalambaz. Melting phase change heat transfer in a quasi-petal tube thermal energy storage unit. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0246972 .

AMA Style

S. A. M. Mehryan, Kaamran Raahemifar, Sayed Reza Ramezani, Ahmad Hajjar, Obai Younis, Pouyan Talebizadeh Sardari, Mohammad Ghalambaz. Melting phase change heat transfer in a quasi-petal tube thermal energy storage unit. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (3):e0246972.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. A. M. Mehryan; Kaamran Raahemifar; Sayed Reza Ramezani; Ahmad Hajjar; Obai Younis; Pouyan Talebizadeh Sardari; Mohammad Ghalambaz. 2021. "Melting phase change heat transfer in a quasi-petal tube thermal energy storage unit." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3: e0246972.

Research article
Published: 23 March 2021 in International Journal of Energy Research
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A numerical parametric study is presented of a domestic thermal storage heat exchanger to explore the effect of highly localized positive temperature coefficient cylindrical heating elements in a phase change material (PCM) with conductive enhancement by open‐pore metal foam. By using 90 L of commercially available Rubitherm RT70HC wax, 5.7 kWh of thermal energy is captured by the unit. The discharge is via a central convective air channel. The constant low‐temperature heating elements are inherently safe for combustible PCM. The heat distribution by Fourier's law and the creeping flow is investigated using the local thermal equilibrium assumption between the PCM and metal foam. Heating element position, diameter, and temperature are varied to optimize charge time and exit air temperature. Two heating elements of 1 cm diameter and constant temperature of 90°C produce a suitable performance for overnight store charging of 7.23 hours. Discharge via the air channel provides an average temperature of the output air over 30°C. The results indicated that the PCM inside metal foam almost follows Fourier's law. The creeping flow of molten PCM inside the pores of the porous medium (free convection heat effect) has an inconsiderable influence on heat transfer in the domain.

ACS Style

Pouyan Talebizadeh Sardari; Hayder I. Mohammed; Jasim M. Mahdi; Mohammad Ghalambaz; Mark Gillott; Gavin S. Walker; David Grant; Donald Giddings. Localized heating element distribution in composite metal foam‐phase change material: Fourier's law and creeping flow effects. International Journal of Energy Research 2021, 45, 13380 -13396.

AMA Style

Pouyan Talebizadeh Sardari, Hayder I. Mohammed, Jasim M. Mahdi, Mohammad Ghalambaz, Mark Gillott, Gavin S. Walker, David Grant, Donald Giddings. Localized heating element distribution in composite metal foam‐phase change material: Fourier's law and creeping flow effects. International Journal of Energy Research. 2021; 45 (9):13380-13396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pouyan Talebizadeh Sardari; Hayder I. Mohammed; Jasim M. Mahdi; Mohammad Ghalambaz; Mark Gillott; Gavin S. Walker; David Grant; Donald Giddings. 2021. "Localized heating element distribution in composite metal foam‐phase change material: Fourier's law and creeping flow effects." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 9: 13380-13396.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2021 in Energies
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A twisted-fin array as an innovative structure for intensifying the charging response of a phase-change material (PCM) within a shell-and-tube storage system is introduced in this work. A three-dimensional model describing the thermal management with charging phase change process in PCM was developed and numerically analyzed by the enthalpy-porosity method using commercial CFD software. Efficacy of the proposed structure of fins for performing better heat communication between the active heating surface and the adjacent layers of PCM was verified via comparing with conventional longitudinal fins within the same design limitations of fin material and volume usage. Optimization of the fin geometric parameters including the pitch, number, thickness, and the height of the twisted fins for superior performance of the proposed fin structure, was also introduced via the Taguchi method. The results show that a faster charging rate, higher storage rate, and better uniformity in temperature distribution could be achieved in the PCMs with Twisted fins. Based on the design of twisted fins, it was found that the energy charging time could be reduced by up to 42%, and the energy storage rate could be enhanced up to 63% compared to the reference case of straight longitudinal fins within the same PCM mass limitations.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Hayder Mohammed; Jasim Mahdi; Amir Eisapour; Obai Younis; Aritra Ghosh; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Wahiba Yaïci. Intensifying the Charging Response of a Phase-Change Material with Twisted Fin Arrays in a Shell-And-Tube Storage System. Energies 2021, 14, 1619 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz, Hayder Mohammed, Jasim Mahdi, Amir Eisapour, Obai Younis, Aritra Ghosh, Pouyan Talebizadehsardari, Wahiba Yaïci. Intensifying the Charging Response of a Phase-Change Material with Twisted Fin Arrays in a Shell-And-Tube Storage System. Energies. 2021; 14 (6):1619.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Hayder Mohammed; Jasim Mahdi; Amir Eisapour; Obai Younis; Aritra Ghosh; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Wahiba Yaïci. 2021. "Intensifying the Charging Response of a Phase-Change Material with Twisted Fin Arrays in a Shell-And-Tube Storage System." Energies 14, no. 6: 1619.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2021 in Molecules
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A latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) unit can store a notable amount of heat in a compact volume. However, the charging time could be tediously long due to weak heat transfer. Thus, an improvement of heat transfer and a reduction in charging time is an essential task. The present research aims to improve the thermal charging of a conical shell-tube LHTES unit by optimizing the shell-shape and fin-inclination angle in the presence of nanoadditives. The governing equations for the natural convection heat transfer and phase change heat transfer are written as partial differential equations. The finite element method is applied to solve the equations numerically. The Taguchi optimization approach is then invoked to optimize the fin-inclination angle, shell aspect ratio, and the type and volume fraction of nanoparticles. The results showed that the shell-aspect ratio and fin inclination angle are the most important design parameters influencing the charging time. The charging time could be changed by 40% by variation of design parameters. Interestingly a conical shell with a small radius at the bottom and a large radius at the top (small aspect ratio) is the best shell design. However, a too-small aspect ratio could entrap the liquid-PCM between fins and increase the charging time. An optimum volume fraction of 4% is found for nanoparticle concentration.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Hassan Shirivand; Kasra Ayoubloo; S.A.M. Mehryan; Obai Younis; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Wahiba Yaïci. The Thermal Charging Performance of Finned Conical Thermal Storage System Filled with Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material. Molecules 2021, 26, 1605 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz, Hassan Shirivand, Kasra Ayoubloo, S.A.M. Mehryan, Obai Younis, Pouyan Talebizadehsardari, Wahiba Yaïci. The Thermal Charging Performance of Finned Conical Thermal Storage System Filled with Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material. Molecules. 2021; 26 (6):1605.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Hassan Shirivand; Kasra Ayoubloo; S.A.M. Mehryan; Obai Younis; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Wahiba Yaïci. 2021. "The Thermal Charging Performance of Finned Conical Thermal Storage System Filled with Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material." Molecules 26, no. 6: 1605.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Energies
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The melting of a coconut oil–CuO phase change material (PCM) embedded in an engineered nonuniform copper foam was theoretically analyzed to reduce the charging time of a thermal energy storage unit. A nonuniform metal foam could improve the effective thermal conductivity of a porous medium at regions with dominant conduction heat transfer by increasing local porosity. Moreover, the increase in porosity contributes to flow circulation in the natural convection-dominant regimes and adds a positive impact to the heat transfer rate, but it reduces the conduction heat transfer and overall heat transfer. The Taguchi optimization method was used to minimize the charging time of a shell-and-tube thermal energy storage (TES) unit by optimizing the porosity gradient, volume fractions of nanoparticles, average porosity, and porous pore sizes. The results showed that porosity is the most significant factor and lower porosity has a faster charging rate. A nonuniform porosity reduces the charging time of TES. The size of porous pores induces a negligible impact on the charging time. Lastly, the increase in volume fractions of nanoparticles reduces the charging time, but it has a minimal impact on the TES unit’s charging power.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; S.A.M. Mehryan; Hassan Shirivand; Farshid Shalbafi; Obai Younis; Kiao Inthavong; Goodarz Ahmadi; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari. Simulation of a Fast-Charging Porous Thermal Energy Storage System Saturated with a Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material. Energies 2021, 14, 1575 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz, S.A.M. Mehryan, Hassan Shirivand, Farshid Shalbafi, Obai Younis, Kiao Inthavong, Goodarz Ahmadi, Pouyan Talebizadehsardari. Simulation of a Fast-Charging Porous Thermal Energy Storage System Saturated with a Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material. Energies. 2021; 14 (6):1575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; S.A.M. Mehryan; Hassan Shirivand; Farshid Shalbafi; Obai Younis; Kiao Inthavong; Goodarz Ahmadi; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari. 2021. "Simulation of a Fast-Charging Porous Thermal Energy Storage System Saturated with a Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material." Energies 14, no. 6: 1575.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2021 in Energies
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The melting flow and heat transfer of copper-oxide coconut oil in thermal energy storage filled with a nonlinear copper metal foam are addressed. The porosity of the copper foam changes linearly from bottom to top. The phase change material (PCM) is filled into the metal foam pores, which form a composite PCM. The natural convection effect is also taken into account. The effect of average porosity; porosity distribution; pore size density; the inclination angle of enclosure; and nanoparticles’ concentration on the isotherms, melting maps, and the melting rate are investigated. The results show that the average porosity is the most important parameter on the melting behavior. The variation in porosity from 0.825 to 0.9 changes the melting time by about 116%. The natural convection flows are weak in the metal foam, and hence, the impact of each of the other parameters on the melting time is insignificant (less than 5%).

ACS Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Mohammad Shahabadi; S. Mehryan; Mikhail Sheremet; Obai Younis; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Wabiha Yaici. Latent Heat Thermal Storage of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material Filled by Copper Foam with Linear Porosity Variation in Vertical Direction. Energies 2021, 14, 1508 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz, Mohammad Shahabadi, S. Mehryan, Mikhail Sheremet, Obai Younis, Pouyan Talebizadehsardari, Wabiha Yaici. Latent Heat Thermal Storage of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material Filled by Copper Foam with Linear Porosity Variation in Vertical Direction. Energies. 2021; 14 (5):1508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Mohammad Shahabadi; S. Mehryan; Mikhail Sheremet; Obai Younis; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Wabiha Yaici. 2021. "Latent Heat Thermal Storage of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material Filled by Copper Foam with Linear Porosity Variation in Vertical Direction." Energies 14, no. 5: 1508.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2021 in Molecules
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Thermal energy storage units conventionally have the drawback of slow charging response. Thus, heat transfer enhancement techniques are required to reduce charging time. Using nanoadditives is a promising approach to enhance the heat transfer and energy storage response time of materials that store heat by undergoing a reversible phase change, so-called phase change materials. In the present study, a combination of such materials enhanced with the addition of nanometer-scale graphene oxide particles (called nano-enhanced phase change materials) and a layer of a copper foam is proposed to improve the thermal performance of a shell-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) unit filled with capric acid. Both graphene oxide and copper nanoparticles were tested as the nanometer-scale additives. A geometrically nonuniform layer of copper foam was placed over the hot tube inside the unit. The metal foam layer can improve heat transfer with an increase of the composite thermal conductivity. However, it suppressed the natural convection flows and could reduce heat transfer in the molten regions. Thus, a metal foam layer with a nonuniform shape can maximize thermal conductivity in conduction-dominant regions and minimize its adverse impacts on natural convection flows. The heat transfer was modeled using partial differential equations for conservations of momentum and heat. The finite element method was used to solve the partial differential equations. A backward differential formula was used to control the accuracy and convergence of the solution automatically. Mesh adaptation was applied to increase the mesh resolution at the interface between phases and improve the quality and stability of the solution. The impact of the eccentricity and porosity of the metal foam layer and the volume fraction of nanoparticles on the energy storage and the thermal performance of the LHTES unit was addressed. The layer of the metal foam notably improves the response time of the LHTES unit, and a 10% eccentricity of the porous layer toward the bottom improved the response time of the LHTES unit by 50%. The presence of nanoadditives could reduce the response time (melting time) of the LHTES unit by 12%, and copper nanoparticles were slightly better than graphene oxide particles in terms of heat transfer enhancement. The design parameters of the eccentricity, porosity, and volume fraction of nanoparticles had minimal impact on the thermal energy storage capacity of the LHTES unit, while their impact on the melting time (response time) was significant. Thus, a combination of the enhancement method could practically reduce the thermal charging time of an LHTES unit without a significant increase in its size.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Seyed Mehryan; Kasra Ayoubloo; Ahmad Hajjar; Mohamad El Kadri; Obai Younis; Mohsen Pour; Christopher Hulme-Smith. Thermal Energy Storage and Heat Transfer of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material (NePCM) in a Shell and Tube Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Unit with a Partial Layer of Eccentric Copper Foam. Molecules 2021, 26, 1491 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz, Seyed Mehryan, Kasra Ayoubloo, Ahmad Hajjar, Mohamad El Kadri, Obai Younis, Mohsen Pour, Christopher Hulme-Smith. Thermal Energy Storage and Heat Transfer of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material (NePCM) in a Shell and Tube Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Unit with a Partial Layer of Eccentric Copper Foam. Molecules. 2021; 26 (5):1491.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Seyed Mehryan; Kasra Ayoubloo; Ahmad Hajjar; Mohamad El Kadri; Obai Younis; Mohsen Pour; Christopher Hulme-Smith. 2021. "Thermal Energy Storage and Heat Transfer of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material (NePCM) in a Shell and Tube Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Unit with a Partial Layer of Eccentric Copper Foam." Molecules 26, no. 5: 1491.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2021 in Molecules
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A wavy shape was used to enhance the thermal heat transfer in a shell-tube latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) unit. The thermal storage unit was filled with CuO–coconut oil nano-enhanced phase change material (NePCM). The enthalpy-porosity approach was employed to model the phase change heat transfer in the presence of natural convection effects in the molten NePCM. The finite element method was applied to integrate the governing equations for fluid motion and phase change heat transfer. The impact of wave amplitude and wave number of the heated tube, as well as the volume concertation of nanoparticles on the full-charging time of the LHTES unit, was addressed. The Taguchi optimization method was used to find an optimum design of the LHTES unit. The results showed that an increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles reduces the charging time. Moreover, the waviness of the tube resists the natural convection flow circulation in the phase change domain and could increase the charging time.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; S.A.M. Mehryan; Ahmad Hajjar; Mohammad Shdaifat; Obai Younis; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Wahiba Yaïci. Thermal Charging Optimization of a Wavy-Shaped Nano-Enhanced Thermal Storage Unit. Molecules 2021, 26, 1496 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz, S.A.M. Mehryan, Ahmad Hajjar, Mohammad Shdaifat, Obai Younis, Pouyan Talebizadehsardari, Wahiba Yaïci. Thermal Charging Optimization of a Wavy-Shaped Nano-Enhanced Thermal Storage Unit. Molecules. 2021; 26 (5):1496.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; S.A.M. Mehryan; Ahmad Hajjar; Mohammad Shdaifat; Obai Younis; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Wahiba Yaïci. 2021. "Thermal Charging Optimization of a Wavy-Shaped Nano-Enhanced Thermal Storage Unit." Molecules 26, no. 5: 1496.

Journal article
Published: 07 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The melting heat transfer of nano-enhanced phase change materials was addressed in a thermal energy storage unit. A heated U-shape tube was placed in a cylindrical shell. The cross-section of the tube is a petal-shape, which can have different amplitudes and wave numbers. The shell is filled with capric acid with a fusion temperature of 32 °C. The copper (Cu)/graphene oxide (GO) type nanoparticles were added to capric acid to improve its heat transfer properties. The enthalpy-porosity approach was used to model the phase change heat transfer in the presence of natural convection heat transfer effects. A novel mesh adaptation method was used to track the phase change melting front and produce high-quality mesh at the phase change region. The impacts of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the amplitude and number of petals, the distance between tubes, and the angle of tube placements were investigated on the thermal energy rate and melting-time in the thermal energy storage unit. An average charging power can be raised by up to 45% by using petal shape tubes compared to a plain tube. The nanoadditives could improve the heat transfer by 7% for Cu and 11% for GO nanoparticles compared to the pure phase change material.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Seyed Mehryan; Reza Feeoj; Ahmad Hajjar; Obai Younis; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Wahiba Yaïci. Effect of the Quasi-Petal Heat Transfer Tube on the Melting Process of the Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Substance in a Thermal Energy Storage Unit. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2871 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz, Seyed Mehryan, Reza Feeoj, Ahmad Hajjar, Obai Younis, Pouyan Talebizadehsardari, Wahiba Yaïci. Effect of the Quasi-Petal Heat Transfer Tube on the Melting Process of the Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Substance in a Thermal Energy Storage Unit. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2871.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Seyed Mehryan; Reza Feeoj; Ahmad Hajjar; Obai Younis; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari; Wahiba Yaïci. 2021. "Effect of the Quasi-Petal Heat Transfer Tube on the Melting Process of the Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Substance in a Thermal Energy Storage Unit." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2871.

Journal article
Published: 07 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is a key feature in the sizing of thermal systems and energy management. The Phase Change Material (PCM) can store a huge amount of heat in the form of latent heat. However, a good design of the TES unit is required to absorb thermal energy and charge quickly. In the present study, a combination of optimum fin design and nanoadditives are used to design a shell and tube shape TES unit. The Taguchi optimization method is employed to maximize the melting rate by optimizing the arrangement shape of fins and the type and the volume fractions of nanoparticles. The results showed that long fins should be mounted at the bottom and short fins at the top, so that the PCM melts down at the bottom quickly, and consequently, a natural convection circulation occurs at the bottom and advances in the solid PCM. The short fins at the top allow a good natural convection circulation at the top. An increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles increases the melting rate. An optimum design shows a 20% more melting rate compared to a poor design.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Seyed Mehryan; Masoud Mozaffari; Obai Younis; Aritra Ghosh. The Effect of Variable-Length Fins and Different High Thermal Conductivity Nanoparticles in the Performance of the Energy Storage Unit Containing Bio-Based Phase Change Substance. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2884 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz, Seyed Mehryan, Masoud Mozaffari, Obai Younis, Aritra Ghosh. The Effect of Variable-Length Fins and Different High Thermal Conductivity Nanoparticles in the Performance of the Energy Storage Unit Containing Bio-Based Phase Change Substance. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2884.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Seyed Mehryan; Masoud Mozaffari; Obai Younis; Aritra Ghosh. 2021. "The Effect of Variable-Length Fins and Different High Thermal Conductivity Nanoparticles in the Performance of the Energy Storage Unit Containing Bio-Based Phase Change Substance." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2884.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2021 in Materials
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Utilizing phase change materials in thermal energy storage systems is commonly considered as an alternative solution for the effective use of energy. This study presents numerical simulations of the charging process for a multitube latent heat thermal energy storage system. A thermal energy storage model, consisting of five tubes of heat transfer fluids, was investigated using Rubitherm phase change material (RT35) as the. The locations of the tubes were optimized by applying the Taguchi method. The thermal behavior of the unit was evaluated by considering the liquid fraction graphs, streamlines, and isotherm contours. The numerical model was first verified compared with existed experimental data from the literature. The outcomes revealed that based on the Taguchi method, the first row of the heat transfer fluid tubes should be located at the lowest possible area while the other tubes should be spread consistently in the enclosure. The charging rate changed by 76% when varying the locations of the tubes in the enclosure to the optimum point. The development of streamlines and free-convection flow circulation was found to impact the system design significantly. The Taguchi method could efficiently assign the optimum design of the system with few simulations. Accordingly, this approach gives the impression of the future design of energy storage systems.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Hayder Mohammed; Ali Naghizadeh; Mohammad Islam; Obai Younis; Jasim Mahdi; Ilia Chatroudi; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari. Optimum Placement of Heating Tubes in a Multi-Tube Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage. Materials 2021, 14, 1232 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz, Hayder Mohammed, Ali Naghizadeh, Mohammad Islam, Obai Younis, Jasim Mahdi, Ilia Chatroudi, Pouyan Talebizadehsardari. Optimum Placement of Heating Tubes in a Multi-Tube Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage. Materials. 2021; 14 (5):1232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ghalambaz; Hayder Mohammed; Ali Naghizadeh; Mohammad Islam; Obai Younis; Jasim Mahdi; Ilia Chatroudi; Pouyan Talebizadehsardari. 2021. "Optimum Placement of Heating Tubes in a Multi-Tube Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage." Materials 14, no. 5: 1232.