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Jeroen D.M. De Kooning; Tine L. VanDoorn; Jan Van De Vyver; Bart Meersman; Lieven Vandevelde. Displacement of the maximum power point caused by losses in wind turbine systems. Renewable Energy 2016, 85, 273 -280.
AMA StyleJeroen D.M. De Kooning, Tine L. VanDoorn, Jan Van De Vyver, Bart Meersman, Lieven Vandevelde. Displacement of the maximum power point caused by losses in wind turbine systems. Renewable Energy. 2016; 85 ():273-280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeroen D.M. De Kooning; Tine L. VanDoorn; Jan Van De Vyver; Bart Meersman; Lieven Vandevelde. 2016. "Displacement of the maximum power point caused by losses in wind turbine systems." Renewable Energy 85, no. : 273-280.
The increasing share of distributed energy resources poses a challenge to the distribution network operator (DNO) to maintain the current availability of the system while limiting the investment costs. Related to this, there is a clear trend in DNOs trying to better monitor their grid by installing a distribution management system (DMS). This DMS enables the DNOs to remotely switch their network or better localize and solve faults. Moreover, the DMS can be used to centrally control the grid assets. Therefore, in this paper, a control strategy is discussed that can be implemented in the DMS for solving current congestion problems posed by the increasing share of renewables in the grid. This control strategy controls wind turbines in order to avoid congestion while mitigating the required investment costs in order to achieve a global cost-efficient solution. Next to the application and objective of the control, the parameter tuning of the control algorithm is discussed.
Tine L. VanDoorn; Jan Van De Vyver; Louis Gevaert; Lieven DeGroote; Lieven Vandevelde. Congestion Control Algorithm in Distribution Feeders: Integration in a Distribution Management System. Energies 2015, 8, 6013 -6032.
AMA StyleTine L. VanDoorn, Jan Van De Vyver, Louis Gevaert, Lieven DeGroote, Lieven Vandevelde. Congestion Control Algorithm in Distribution Feeders: Integration in a Distribution Management System. Energies. 2015; 8 (6):6013-6032.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTine L. VanDoorn; Jan Van De Vyver; Louis Gevaert; Lieven DeGroote; Lieven Vandevelde. 2015. "Congestion Control Algorithm in Distribution Feeders: Integration in a Distribution Management System." Energies 8, no. 6: 6013-6032.
Tine L. Vandoorn; Jeroen D.M. De Kooning; Bart Meersman; Brecht Zwaenepoel. Control of storage elements in an islanded microgrid with voltage-based control of DG units and loads. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2015, 64, 996 -1006.
AMA StyleTine L. Vandoorn, Jeroen D.M. De Kooning, Bart Meersman, Brecht Zwaenepoel. Control of storage elements in an islanded microgrid with voltage-based control of DG units and loads. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2015; 64 ():996-1006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTine L. Vandoorn; Jeroen D.M. De Kooning; Bart Meersman; Brecht Zwaenepoel. 2015. "Control of storage elements in an islanded microgrid with voltage-based control of DG units and loads." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 64, no. : 996-1006.
Brecht Zwaenepoel; Joke Vansteenbrugge; Tine L. VanDoorn; Greet Van Eetvelde; Lieven Vandevelde. Ancillary services for the electrical grid by waste heat. Applied Thermal Engineering 2014, 70, 1156 -1161.
AMA StyleBrecht Zwaenepoel, Joke Vansteenbrugge, Tine L. VanDoorn, Greet Van Eetvelde, Lieven Vandevelde. Ancillary services for the electrical grid by waste heat. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2014; 70 (2):1156-1161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrecht Zwaenepoel; Joke Vansteenbrugge; Tine L. VanDoorn; Greet Van Eetvelde; Lieven Vandevelde. 2014. "Ancillary services for the electrical grid by waste heat." Applied Thermal Engineering 70, no. 2: 1156-1161.
Wind turbines are an important source of renewable energy. Although the amount of wind turbine installations has known a considerable increase in recent years, technological improvements are still needed to increase their efficiency. An important subject is the presence of vibrations. For instance, ripples can be present in the torque and shaft speed, which can be caused by turbulence of the air flow, resonance or mechanical problems. Furthermore, tower shadow and wind shear are able to cause significant torque oscillations. In literature, a mathematical model of the torque oscillations has been presented for three-bladed horizontal-axis upwind turbines. However, it remains unclear what the impact is of these torque oscillations on the shaft speed. When ripples are present in the shaft speed, they affect the back-electromotive force and electrical power of the generator and could propagate further in the system. Therefore this study investigates whether this effect is large enough to have a considerable impact on the system. The turbine inertia and size are both relevant parameters in this research. However, it will be shown by mathematical proof that the relative amount of shaft speed ripples caused by tower shadow and wind shear is independent of the turbine size.
Jeroen D.M. De Kooning; Tine L. Vandoorn; Jan Van de Vyver; Bart Meersman; Lieven Vandevelde. Shaft speed ripples in wind turbines caused by tower shadow and wind shear. IET Renewable Power Generation 2014, 8, 195 -202.
AMA StyleJeroen D.M. De Kooning, Tine L. Vandoorn, Jan Van de Vyver, Bart Meersman, Lieven Vandevelde. Shaft speed ripples in wind turbines caused by tower shadow and wind shear. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2014; 8 (2):195-202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeroen D.M. De Kooning; Tine L. Vandoorn; Jan Van de Vyver; Bart Meersman; Lieven Vandevelde. 2014. "Shaft speed ripples in wind turbines caused by tower shadow and wind shear." IET Renewable Power Generation 8, no. 2: 195-202.
For islanded microgrids, droop-based control concepts have been developed both in single and three-phase variants. The three-phase controllers often assume a balanced network; hence, unbalance sharing and/or mitigation remains a challenging issue. Therefore, in this paper, unbalance is considered in a three-phase islanded microgrid in which the distributed generation (DG) units are operated by the voltage-based droop (VBD) control. For this purpose, the VBD control, which has been developed for single-phase systems, is extended for a three-phase application and an additional control loop is added for unbalance mitigation and sharing. The method is based on an unbalance mitigation scheme by DG units in grid-connected systems, which is altered for usage in grid-forming DG units with droop control. The reaction of the DG units to unbalance is determined by the main parameter of the additional control loop, viz., the distortion damping resistance, Rd. The effect of Rd on the unbalance mitigation is studied in this paper, i.e., dependent on Rd, the DG units can be resistive for unbalance (RU) or they can contribute in the weakest phase (CW). The paper shows that the RU method decreases the line losses in the system and achieves better power equalization between the DG unit’s phases. However, it leads to a larger voltage unbalance near the loads. The CW method leads to a more uneven power between the DG unit’s phases and larger line losses, but a better voltage quality near the load. However, it can negatively affect the stability of the system. In microgrids with multiple DG units, the distortion damping resistance is set such that the unbalanced load can be shared between multiple DG units in an actively controlled manner rather than being determined by the microgrid configuration solely. The unit with the lowest distortion damping resistance provides relatively more of the unbalanced currents.
Tine L. VanDoorn; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Jan Van De Vyver; Lieven Vandevelde. Three-Phase Primary Control for Unbalance Sharing between Distributed Generation Units in a Microgrid. Energies 2013, 6, 6586 -6607.
AMA StyleTine L. VanDoorn, Jeroen D. M. De Kooning, Jan Van De Vyver, Lieven Vandevelde. Three-Phase Primary Control for Unbalance Sharing between Distributed Generation Units in a Microgrid. Energies. 2013; 6 (12):6586-6607.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTine L. VanDoorn; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Jan Van De Vyver; Lieven Vandevelde. 2013. "Three-Phase Primary Control for Unbalance Sharing between Distributed Generation Units in a Microgrid." Energies 6, no. 12: 6586-6607.
Permanent magnet synchronous machines are frequently used in industry because of their high efficiency and favourable dynamic properties. Mechanical limitations and design considerations cause several harmonics in the flux and back-emf of these machines. The back-emf harmonics can be measured on the machine terminals if no stator current is present and the neutral point is accessible. The measured harmonics can then be included in a mathematical model of the machine. This measurement is often done for a constant speed. However, when a speed ripple is present, several new harmonics are introduced in the flux and back-emf. Although the existence of this phenomenon is intuitively clear, it has not yet been investigated in detail and no method exists to calculate these additional harmonics. Nevertheless, the impact of a speed ripple on the back-emf can become significant in some applications. Therefore in this study, a mathematical model is presented, which allows one to accurately calculate the additional back-emf harmonics in the presence of speed ripples. Also, it provides more insight in the interaction between speed ripples and harmonics. The mathematical model is extensively validated by means of simulations and experiments.
Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Jan Van de Vyver; Tine L. Vandoorn; Bart Meersman; Lieven Vandevelde. Impact of speed ripple on the back‐emf waveform of permanent magnet synchronous machines. IET Electric Power Applications 2013, 7, 400 -407.
AMA StyleJeroen D. M. De Kooning, Jan Van de Vyver, Tine L. Vandoorn, Bart Meersman, Lieven Vandevelde. Impact of speed ripple on the back‐emf waveform of permanent magnet synchronous machines. IET Electric Power Applications. 2013; 7 (5):400-407.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeroen D. M. De Kooning; Jan Van de Vyver; Tine L. Vandoorn; Bart Meersman; Lieven Vandevelde. 2013. "Impact of speed ripple on the back‐emf waveform of permanent magnet synchronous machines." IET Electric Power Applications 7, no. 5: 400-407.
Microgrids are able to provide a coordinated integration of the increasing share of distributed generation (DG) units in the network. The primary control of the DG units is generally performed by droop-based control algorithms that avoid communication. The voltage-based droop (VBD) control is developed for islanded low-voltage microgrids with a high share of renewable energy sources. With VBD control, both dispatchable and less-dispatchable units will contribute in the power sharing and balancing. The priority for power changes is automatically set dependent on the terminal voltages. In this way, the renewables change their output power in more extreme voltage conditions compared to the dispatchable units, hence, only when necessary for the reliability of the network. This facilitates the integration of renewable units and improves the reliability of the network. This paper focusses on modifying the VBD control strategy to enable a smooth transition between the islanded and the grid-connected mode of the microgrid. The VBD control can operate in both modes. Therefore, for islanding, no specific measures are required. To reconnect the microgrid to the utility network, the modified VBD control synchronizes the voltage of a specified DG unit with the utility voltage. It is shown that this synchronization procedure significantly limits the switching transient and enables a smooth mode transfer.
Tine L. Vandoorn; Bart Meersman; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Lieven Vandevelde. Transition From Islanded to Grid-Connected Mode of Microgrids With Voltage-Based Droop Control. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2013, 28, 2545 -2553.
AMA StyleTine L. Vandoorn, Bart Meersman, Jeroen D. M. De Kooning, Lieven Vandevelde. Transition From Islanded to Grid-Connected Mode of Microgrids With Voltage-Based Droop Control. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2013; 28 (3):2545-2553.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTine L. Vandoorn; Bart Meersman; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Lieven Vandevelde. 2013. "Transition From Islanded to Grid-Connected Mode of Microgrids With Voltage-Based Droop Control." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 28, no. 3: 2545-2553.
To achieve the environmental goals set by many governments, an increasing amount of renewable energy, often delivered by distributed-generation (DG) units, is injected into the electrical power system. Despite the many advantages of DG, this can lead to voltage problems, especially in times of a high local generation and a low local load. The traditional solution is to invest in more and stronger lines, which could lead to massive investments to cope with the huge rise of DG connection. Another common solution is to include hard curtailment; thus, on-off control of DG units. However, hard curtailment potentially leads to on-off oscillations of DG and a high loss of the available renewable energy as storage is often not economically viable. To cope with these issues, applying a grid-forming control in grid-connected DG units is studied in this paper. The voltage-based droop control that was originally developed for power sharing in islanded microgrids, enables an effective way for soft curtailment without communication. The power changes of the renewable energy sources are delayed to more extreme voltages compared to those of the dispatchable units. This restricts the renewable energy loss and avoids on-off oscillations.
Tine L. Vandoorn; Jeroen De Kooning; Bart Meersman; Lieven Vandevelde. Voltage-Based Droop Control of Renewables to Avoid On–Off Oscillations Caused by Overvoltages. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2013, 28, 845 -854.
AMA StyleTine L. Vandoorn, Jeroen De Kooning, Bart Meersman, Lieven Vandevelde. Voltage-Based Droop Control of Renewables to Avoid On–Off Oscillations Caused by Overvoltages. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2013; 28 (2):845-854.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTine L. Vandoorn; Jeroen De Kooning; Bart Meersman; Lieven Vandevelde. 2013. "Voltage-Based Droop Control of Renewables to Avoid On–Off Oscillations Caused by Overvoltages." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 28, no. 2: 845-854.
Microgrids are receiving an increasing interest to integrate the growing share of distributed-generation (DG) units in the electrical network. For the islanded operation of the microgrid, several control strategies for the primary control have been developed to ensure stable microgrid operation. In low-voltage (LV) microgrids, active power/voltage ( P / V ) droop controllers are gaining attention as they take the resistive nature of the network lines and the lack of directly coupled rotating inertia into account. However, a problem often cited with these droop controllers is that the grid voltage is not a global parameter. This can influence the power sharing between different units. In this paper, it is investigated whether this is actually a disadvantage of the control strategy. It is shown that with P / V droop control, the DG units that are located electrically far from the load centers automatically deliver a lower share of the power. This automatic power-sharing modification can lead to decreased line losses; therefore, there is overall better efficiency compared to the methods that focus on perfect power sharing. In this paper, the P / V and P / f droop control strategies are compared with respect to this power-sharing modification and the line losses.
Tine L. Vandoorn; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Bart Meersman; Josep Guerrero; Lieven Vandevelde. Automatic Power-Sharing Modification of $P$/$V$ Droop Controllers in Low-Voltage Resistive Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2012, 27, 2318 -2325.
AMA StyleTine L. Vandoorn, Jeroen D. M. De Kooning, Bart Meersman, Josep Guerrero, Lieven Vandevelde. Automatic Power-Sharing Modification of $P$/$V$ Droop Controllers in Low-Voltage Resistive Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2012; 27 (4):2318-2325.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTine L. Vandoorn; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Bart Meersman; Josep Guerrero; Lieven Vandevelde. 2012. "Automatic Power-Sharing Modification of $P$/$V$ Droop Controllers in Low-Voltage Resistive Microgrids." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 27, no. 4: 2318-2325.
The increasing number of distributed generation units has led to the development of microgrids, to which the distributed generators are commonly interfaced by means of a voltage-source inverter (VSI). When the microgrid is operating independently of the power system, i.e., in islanded mode, two levels of control can be distinguished for these VSIs: power control and voltage control (frequency and amplitude). The set-point values for the voltage controller are obtained from the power controller. This paper investigates theoretically and experimentally the benefits of using several PID control structures for the voltage control. Theoretical insights into the dynamics of such a system emphasize the benefits of measuring current signals for control purposes and adding voltage measurements to the output of the controllers. Direct voltage control and cascade voltage control are compared both with and without forward compensation of the grid voltage. Simulation and experimental results are given showing that such PID-type controllers on a digital signal processor are simple yet effective strategies for an accurate voltage control in islanded microgrids.
Tine L. Vandoorn; Clara M. Ionescu; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Robin De Keyser; Lieven Vandevelde. Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Validation of Single-Phase Direct Versus Cascade Voltage Control in Islanded Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2012, 60, 789 -798.
AMA StyleTine L. Vandoorn, Clara M. Ionescu, Jeroen D. M. De Kooning, Robin De Keyser, Lieven Vandevelde. Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Validation of Single-Phase Direct Versus Cascade Voltage Control in Islanded Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2012; 60 (2):789-798.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTine L. Vandoorn; Clara M. Ionescu; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Robin De Keyser; Lieven Vandevelde. 2012. "Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Validation of Single-Phase Direct Versus Cascade Voltage Control in Islanded Microgrids." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, no. 2: 789-798.
For islanded microgrids, droop-based control methods are often used to achieve a reliable energy supply. However, in case of resistive microgrids, these control strategies can be rather different to what conventional grid control is accustomed to. Therefore, in this paper, the theoretical analogy between conventional grid control by means of synchronous generators (SGs) and the control of converter-interfaced distributed generation (CIDG) units in microgrids is studied. The conventional grid control is based on the frequency as a global parameter showing differences between mechanical power and ac power. The SGs act on changes of frequency through their P/f droop controller, without interunit communication. For CIDG units, a difference between dc-side power and ac-side power is visible in the dc-link voltage of each unit. Opposed to grid frequency, this is not a global parameter. Thus, in order to make a theoretical analogy, a global measure of the dc-link voltages is required. A control strategy based on this global voltage is presented and the analogy with the conventional grid control is studied, with the emphasis on the need for interunit communication to achieve this analogy. A known control strategy in resistive microgrids, called the voltage-based droop control for CIDG units, approximates this analogy closely, but avoids interunit communication. Therefore, this control strategy is straightforward for implementation since it is close to what control engineers are used to. Also, it has some specific advantages for the integration of renewables in the network.
Tine L. Vandoorn; Bart Meersman; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Lieven Vandevelde. Analogy Between Conventional Grid Control and Islanded Microgrid Control Based on a Global DC-Link Voltage Droop. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2012, 27, 1405 -1414.
AMA StyleTine L. Vandoorn, Bart Meersman, Jeroen D. M. De Kooning, Lieven Vandevelde. Analogy Between Conventional Grid Control and Islanded Microgrid Control Based on a Global DC-Link Voltage Droop. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2012; 27 (3):1405-1414.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTine L. Vandoorn; Bart Meersman; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Lieven Vandevelde. 2012. "Analogy Between Conventional Grid Control and Islanded Microgrid Control Based on a Global DC-Link Voltage Droop." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 27, no. 3: 1405-1414.
Because of the increasing share of distributed generation (DG) units, a coordinated approach for their integration in the electrical network is required. Therefore, the microgrid concept has been introduced. Most DG units use power-electronic interfaces, i.e., converters, for which control strategies have been developed such that these units can participate in the microgrid control. Because of the specific characteristics of low-voltage islanded microgrids, such as their resistive nature and lack of inertia, P/V and Q/f droops are often applied for the converter control. However, still some directly-coupled synchronous generators can be present in the microgrid. These generators have different characteristics compared to the converter-based DG units, such as the presence of rotating inertia. Also, their control is mostly based on P/f and Q/V droops. To integrate both synchronous generators and converter-based DG units in an islanded microgrid, their control strategies should be adjusted to each other. As the DG units form the major part of the generators in the islanded microgrid, in this paper, the control of the synchronous generators is changed to introduce converter behavior. The synchronous generators are equipped with P/V and Q/f droop controllers that are adjusted to take the rotating inertia into account. The converter controllers use a variant of P/V droop control to optimize the integration of renewable units in the microgrid.
Tine L. Vandoorn; Bart Meersman; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Lieven Vandevelde. Directly-Coupled Synchronous Generators With Converter Behavior in Islanded Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2012, 27, 1395 -1406.
AMA StyleTine L. Vandoorn, Bart Meersman, Jeroen D. M. De Kooning, Lieven Vandevelde. Directly-Coupled Synchronous Generators With Converter Behavior in Islanded Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2012; 27 (3):1395-1406.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTine L. Vandoorn; Bart Meersman; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Lieven Vandevelde. 2012. "Directly-Coupled Synchronous Generators With Converter Behavior in Islanded Microgrids." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 27, no. 3: 1395-1406.
For the islanded operation of a microgrid, several control strategies have been developed. For example, voltage-based droop control can be implemented for the active power control of the generators and the control of the active loads. One of the main advantages of a microgrid is that it can be implemented as a controllable entity within the electrical network. This requires the ability of the utility grid to control or influence the power exchange with the microgrid by communicating with only one unit. However, little research has been conducted on controlling the power transfer through the point of common coupling (PCC). This paper addresses this issue by introducing the concept of a smart transformer (ST) at the PCC. This unit controls the active power exchange between a microgrid and the utility grid dependent on the state of both networks and other information communicated to the ST. To control the active power, the ST uses its taps that change the microgrid-side voltage at the PCC. This voltage-based control of the ST is compatible with the voltage-based droop control of the units in the microgrid that is used in this paper. Hence, the microgrid units can automatically respond to changes of ST set points and vice versa. Several simulation cases are included in this paper to demonstrate the feasibility of the ST concept.
Tine L. Vandoorn; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Bart Meersman; Josep Guerrero; Lieven Vandevelde. Voltage-Based Control of a Smart Transformer in a Microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2011, 60, 1291 -1305.
AMA StyleTine L. Vandoorn, Jeroen D. M. De Kooning, Bart Meersman, Josep Guerrero, Lieven Vandevelde. Voltage-Based Control of a Smart Transformer in a Microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2011; 60 (4):1291-1305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTine L. Vandoorn; Jeroen D. M. De Kooning; Bart Meersman; Josep Guerrero; Lieven Vandevelde. 2011. "Voltage-Based Control of a Smart Transformer in a Microgrid." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, no. 4: 1291-1305.
New opportunities for optimally integrating the increasing number of distributed-generation (DG) units in the power system rise with the introduction of the microgrid. Most DG units are connected to the microgrid via a power-electronic inverter with dc link. Therefore, new control methods for these inverters need to be developed in order to exploit the DG units as effectively as possible in case of an islanded microgrid. In the literature, most control strategies are based on the conventional transmission grid control or depend on a communication infrastructure. In this paper, on the other hand, an alternative control strategy is proposed based on the specific characteristics of islanded low-voltage microgrids. The microgrid power is balanced by using a control strategy that modifies the set value of the rms microgrid voltage at the inverter ac side as a function of the dc-link voltage. In case a certain voltage, which is determined by a constant-power band, is surpassed, this control strategy is combined with P/V -droop control. This droop controller changes the output power of the DG unit and its possible storage devices as a function of the grid voltage. In this way, voltage-limit violation is avoided. The constant-power band depends on the characteristics of the generator to avoid frequent changes of the power of certain DG units. In this paper, it is concluded that the new control method shows good results in power sharing, transient issues, and stability. This is achieved without interunit communication, which is beneficial concerning reliability issues, and an optimized integration of the renewable energy sources in the microgrid is obtained.
Tine L. Vandoorn; Bart Meersman; Lieven Degroote; Bert Renders; Lieven Vandevelde. A Control Strategy for Islanded Microgrids With DC-Link Voltage Control. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2011, 26, 703 -713.
AMA StyleTine L. Vandoorn, Bart Meersman, Lieven Degroote, Bert Renders, Lieven Vandevelde. A Control Strategy for Islanded Microgrids With DC-Link Voltage Control. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2011; 26 (2):703-713.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTine L. Vandoorn; Bart Meersman; Lieven Degroote; Bert Renders; Lieven Vandevelde. 2011. "A Control Strategy for Islanded Microgrids With DC-Link Voltage Control." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 26, no. 2: 703-713.
In the islanded operating condition, the microgrid has to maintain the power balance independently of a main grid. Because of the specific characteristics of the microgrid, such as the resistive lines and the high degree of power-electronically interfaced generators, new power control methods for the generators have been introduced. For the active power control in this paper, a variant of the conventional droop P/f control strategy is used, namely the voltage-droop controller. However, because of the small size of the microgrid and the high share of renewables with an intermittent character, new means of flexibility in power balancing are required to ensure stable operation. Therefore, a novel active load control strategy is presented in this paper. The aim is to render a proof of concept for this control strategy in an islanded microgrid. The active load control is triggered by the microgrid voltage level. The latter is enabled by using the voltage-droop control strategy and its specific properties. It is concluded that the combination of the voltage-droop control strategy with the presented demand dispatch allows reliable power supply without interunit communication for the primary control, leads to a more efficient usage of the renewable energy and can even lead to an increased share of renewables in the islanded microgrid.
Tine L. Vandoorn; Bert Renders; Lieven Degroote; Bart Meersman; Lieven Vandevelde. Active Load Control in Islanded Microgrids Based on the Grid Voltage. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2010, 2, 139 -151.
AMA StyleTine L. Vandoorn, Bert Renders, Lieven Degroote, Bart Meersman, Lieven Vandevelde. Active Load Control in Islanded Microgrids Based on the Grid Voltage. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. 2010; 2 (1):139-151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTine L. Vandoorn; Bert Renders; Lieven Degroote; Bart Meersman; Lieven Vandevelde. 2010. "Active Load Control in Islanded Microgrids Based on the Grid Voltage." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2, no. 1: 139-151.