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Theodora Angelopoulou
Centre of Research and Technology—Hellas (CERTH), Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (iBO), Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece

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Journal article
Published: 13 January 2021 in Land
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Soil properties estimation with the use of reflectance spectroscopy has met major advances over the last decades. Their non-destructive nature and their high accuracy capacity enabled a breakthrough in the efficiency of performing soil analysis against conventional laboratory techniques. As the need for rapid, low cost, and accurate soil properties’ estimations increases, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) have been introduced and are becoming applicable for informed decision making in various domains. This work presents the assessment of a MEMS sensor (1750–2150 nm) in estimating clay and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. The sensor was first tested under various experimental setups (different working distances and light intensities) through its similarity assessment (Spectral Angle Mapper) to the measurements of a spectroradiometer of the full 350–2500 nm range that was used as reference. MEMS performance was evaluated over spectra measured from 102 samples in laboratory conditions. Models’ calibrations were performed using random forest (RF) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results provide insights that MEMS could be employed for soil properties estimation, since the RF model demonstrated solid performance over both clay (R2 = 0.85) and SOC (R2 = 0.80). These findings pave the way for supporting daily agriculture applications and land related policies through the exploration of a wider set of soil properties.

ACS Style

Konstantinos Karyotis; Theodora Angelopoulou; Nikolaos Tziolas; Evgenia Palaiologou; Nikiforos Samarinas; George Zalidis. Evaluation of a Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems Spectral Sensor for Soil Properties Estimation. Land 2021, 10, 63 .

AMA Style

Konstantinos Karyotis, Theodora Angelopoulou, Nikolaos Tziolas, Evgenia Palaiologou, Nikiforos Samarinas, George Zalidis. Evaluation of a Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems Spectral Sensor for Soil Properties Estimation. Land. 2021; 10 (1):63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Konstantinos Karyotis; Theodora Angelopoulou; Nikolaos Tziolas; Evgenia Palaiologou; Nikiforos Samarinas; George Zalidis. 2021. "Evaluation of a Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems Spectral Sensor for Soil Properties Estimation." Land 10, no. 1: 63.

Review
Published: 07 January 2020 in Sustainability
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Rapid and cost-effective soil properties estimations are considered imperative for the monitoring and recording of agricultural soil condition for the implementation of site-specific management practices. Conventional laboratory measurements are costly and time-consuming, and, therefore, cannot be considered appropriate for large datasets. This article reviews laboratory and proximal sensing spectroscopy in the visible and near infrared (VNIR)–short wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength region for soil organic carbon and soil organic matter estimation as an alternative to analytical chemistry measurements. The aim of this work is to report the progress made in the last decade on data preprocessing, calibration approaches, and system configurations used for VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy of soil organic carbon and soil organic matter estimation. We present and compare the results of over fifty selective studies and discuss the factors that affect the accuracy of spectroscopic measurements for both laboratory and in situ applications.

ACS Style

Theodora Angelopoulou; Athanasios Balafoutis; George Zalidis; Dionysis Bochtis. From Laboratory to Proximal Sensing Spectroscopy for Soil Organic Carbon Estimation—A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 443 .

AMA Style

Theodora Angelopoulou, Athanasios Balafoutis, George Zalidis, Dionysis Bochtis. From Laboratory to Proximal Sensing Spectroscopy for Soil Organic Carbon Estimation—A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):443.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Theodora Angelopoulou; Athanasios Balafoutis; George Zalidis; Dionysis Bochtis. 2020. "From Laboratory to Proximal Sensing Spectroscopy for Soil Organic Carbon Estimation—A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 443.

Review
Published: 21 March 2019 in Remote Sensing
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Towards the need for sustainable development, remote sensing (RS) techniques in the Visible-Near Infrared–Shortwave Infrared (VNIR–SWIR, 400–2500 nm) region could assist in a more direct, cost-effective and rapid manner to estimate important indicators for soil monitoring purposes. Soil reflectance spectroscopy has been applied in various domains apart from laboratory conditions, e.g., sensors mounted on satellites, aircrafts and Unmanned Aerial Systems. The aim of this review is to illustrate the research made for soil organic carbon estimation, with the use of RS techniques, reporting the methodology and results of each study. It also aims to provide a comprehensive introduction in soil spectroscopy for those who are less conversant with the subject. In total, 28 journal articles were selected and further analysed. It was observed that prediction accuracy reduces from Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) to satellite platforms, though advances in machine learning techniques could further assist in the generation of better calibration models. There are some challenges concerning atmospheric, radiometric and geometric corrections, vegetation cover, soil moisture and roughness that still need to be addressed. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are highlighted and future considerations are also discussed at the end.

ACS Style

Theodora Angelopoulou; Nikolaos Tziolas; Athanasios Balafoutis; George Zalidis; Dionysis Bochtis. Remote Sensing Techniques for Soil Organic Carbon Estimation: A Review. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 676 .

AMA Style

Theodora Angelopoulou, Nikolaos Tziolas, Athanasios Balafoutis, George Zalidis, Dionysis Bochtis. Remote Sensing Techniques for Soil Organic Carbon Estimation: A Review. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (6):676.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Theodora Angelopoulou; Nikolaos Tziolas; Athanasios Balafoutis; George Zalidis; Dionysis Bochtis. 2019. "Remote Sensing Techniques for Soil Organic Carbon Estimation: A Review." Remote Sensing 11, no. 6: 676.

Article
Published: 04 November 2017 in Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
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This study aimed to investigate the potency of soil reflectance spectroscopy in the visible and near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectral regions in estimating soil heavy metal pollution in the western coastal front of Thessaloniki (N. Greece) and how the protocol used for chemical analyses can affect the models’ performance. For this purpose, 49 topsoil samples were collected and the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb were determined by two different analytical methods, i.e., ISO 11466 based on the technique of atomic absorbance spectrometry (AAS) and ISO 14869-1 using the technique of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The spectral signatures were applied for modeling the metal concentrations by using the partial least squares regression (PLSR) method. To eliminate the “noise” of data and enhance the models’ accuracy, four spectral pre-treatment methods were used. The overall results showed that there is heavy metal pollution in the soils of specific areas in the studied region and that the use of different chemical analytical methods can affect the performance of examined prediction models. Better prediction models were created for the cases of Pb, Cu, and Cr concentrations, which were estimated by the application of ISO 14869-1, while for the case of Cd better prediction models were obtained, by the application of ISO 11466. These results may indicate that soil reflectance spectroscopy can measure the total heavy metal content in soil samples.

ACS Style

Theodora Angelopoulou; Agathoklis Dimitrakos; Evangelia Terzopoulou; George Zalidis; John Theocharis; Trajce Stafilov; Anastasios Zouboulis. Reflectance Spectroscopy (Vis-NIR) for Assessing Soil Heavy Metals Concentrations Determined by two Different Analytical Protocols, Based on ISO 11466 and ISO 14869-1. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2017, 228, 436 .

AMA Style

Theodora Angelopoulou, Agathoklis Dimitrakos, Evangelia Terzopoulou, George Zalidis, John Theocharis, Trajce Stafilov, Anastasios Zouboulis. Reflectance Spectroscopy (Vis-NIR) for Assessing Soil Heavy Metals Concentrations Determined by two Different Analytical Protocols, Based on ISO 11466 and ISO 14869-1. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2017; 228 (11):436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Theodora Angelopoulou; Agathoklis Dimitrakos; Evangelia Terzopoulou; George Zalidis; John Theocharis; Trajce Stafilov; Anastasios Zouboulis. 2017. "Reflectance Spectroscopy (Vis-NIR) for Assessing Soil Heavy Metals Concentrations Determined by two Different Analytical Protocols, Based on ISO 11466 and ISO 14869-1." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 228, no. 11: 436.