Investigations were performed in relation to the thermal gasification of wood granulate using steam in an allothermal reactor with electric heaters. They studied the impact of the temperature inside the reactor and the steam flow rate on the percentage shares of H₂, CH₄, CO, and CO₂ in synthesis gas and on the calorific value of syngas. The tests were conducted at temperatures inside the reactor equal to 750, 800, and 850 °C and with a steam flow rate equal to 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 kg∙h⁻¹. The intensity of gasified biomass was 20 kg∙h⁻¹. A significant impact of the temperature on the percentages of all the components of synthesis gas and a significant impact of the steam flow rate on the content of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in syngas were found. The highest percentage of hydrogen obtained was 43.3%. The calorific value of the gas depended significantly on the temperature inside the reactor and the correlation between the temperature and the steam flow rate. Its maximum value was 13.3 MJ∙m⁻³ at 800 °C. This paper also includes an assessment of the mutual correlations of the percentage shares of the individual synthesis gas components.

Nowadays, thermochemical biomass conversion appears to be a very promising way to process heat and steam generation, for use in a cogeneration unit engine, or for example in gas turbines producing electrical energy. The biggest problem regarding using the syngas in internal combustion engines, are pollutants, which have quite an inauspicious influence on their proper working. This article deals with the establishment of the distribution size of solid particles captured by the fiber filters in the syngas with a suitable cleaning design. Gas was produced in the fixed-bed “Imbert” type generator. Filter cake, which contained pollutants, was captured on a filter and then analyzed. Based on single total solid particles (TSP) components, we conclude that this includes its partial elimination.

Granulated beet pulp and wheat straw, first separately and then mixed in a weight ratio of 50/50%, underwent a pyrolysis process in a laboratory batch generator with process temperatures of 400 and 500 °C. The feedstock’s chemical composition and the pyrolysis products’ chemical composition (biochar and pyrolysis gas) were analysed. A synergistic effect was observed in the co-pyrolysis of the combined feedstock, which occurred as an increase the content of the arising gas in relation to the total weight of the products. and as a reduction of bio-oil content. The maximum gas proportion was 21.8% at 500 °C and the minimum between 12.6% and 18.4% for the pyrolysis of individual substrates at 400 °C. The proportions of the gases, including CO, CO₂, CH₄, H₂, and O₂, present in the resulting synthesis gases were also analysed. The usage of a higher pyrolysis final temperature strongly affected the increase of the CH₄ and H₂ concentration and the decrease of CO₂ and CO concentration in the pyrolysis gas. The highest percentage of hydrogen in the synthesis gas, around 33%_vol, occurred at 500 °C during co-pyrolysis.

A comparative study was carried out of emissions from the catalytic combustion of pellets made from furniture board waste and pellets made from wood mixed with Fe₂O₃. The mass content of the Fe₂O₃ catalyst in the fuel was varied from 0% to 5%, 10%, and 15% in relation to the total dry mass weight of the pellets. The average flame temperature in the boiler was between 730 and 800 °C. The effect of the catalyst concentration in the fuel was analysed with respect to the contents of O₂, CO₂, CO, H_2, and NO_x in the flue gas and the combustion quality of the pellets in the heating boiler. Changes in the CO₂ content and the proportion of unburned combustible components in the combustion residue were assessed. It was established that an increase in the Fe₂O₃ content of the prepared fuels had a positive effect on reducing NO_x, CO, and H₂ emissions. However, the proportion of iron oxide in the tested fuel pellets did not significantly influence changes in their combustion quality. A strong effect of the addition of Fe₂O₃ on the reduction of the average NOx content in the flue gas occurred with the combustion of furniture board fuel, from 51.4 ppm at 0% Fe₂O₃ to 7.7 ppm for an additive content of 15%. Based on the analysis of the residue in the boiler ash pan, the amount of unburned combustibles relative to their input amounts was found to be 0.09–0.22% for wood pellets and 0.50–0.31% for furniture board waste pellets.

Dangerous gases arising from combustion processes must be removed from the air simply and cheaply, e.g., by adsorption. This work is focused on competitive adsorption experiments and force field-based molecular modeling of the interactions at the molecular level. Emission gas, containing CO, NO, SO₂, and CO₂, was adsorbed on activated carbon, clay mineral, silicon dioxide, cellulose, or polypropylene at two different temperatures. At 20 °C, activated carbon had the highest NO and SO₂ adsorption capacity (120.83 and 3549.61 μg/g, respectively). At 110 °C, the highest NO and SO₂ adsorption capacity (6.20 and 1182.46 μg/g, respectively) was observed for clay. CO was adsorbed very weakly, CO₂ not at all. SO₂ was adsorbed better than NO, which correlated with modeling results showing positive influence of carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups on the adsorption. In addition to the wide range of adsorbents, the main novelty of this study is the modeling strategy enabling the simulation of surfaces with pores of controllable sizes and shapes, and the agreement of the results achieved by this strategy with the results obtained by more computationally demanding methods. Moreover, the agreement with experimental data shows the modeling strategy to be a valuable tool for further adsorption studies.

In our old fix-bed autothermal gasifier we tested wood chips and wood pellets. We make experiments for Czech company producing agro pellets - pellets made from agricultural waste and fastrenewable natural resources. We tested pellets from wheat and rice straw and hay. These materials can be very perspective, because they dońt compete with food production, they were formed in sufficient quantity and in the place of their treatment. New installation is composed of allothermal biomass fixed bed gasifier with conditioning and using produced syngas for Fischer - Tropsch synthesis. As a gasifying agent will be used steam. Gas purification will have two parts - separation of dust particles using a hot filter and dolomite reactor for decomposition of tars. In next steps, gas will be cooled, compressed and removed of sulphur and chlorine compounds and carbon dioxide. This syngas will be used for liquid fuel synthesis.