The development of bioink-based 3D-printed scaffolds has revolutionized bone tissue engineering (BTE) by enabling patient-specific and biomimetic constructs for bone regeneration.

Nowadays, thermochemical biomass conversion appears to be a very promising way to process heat and steam generation, for use in a cogeneration unit engine, or for example in gas turbines producing electrical energy. The biggest problem regarding using the syngas in internal combustion engines, are pollutants, which have quite an inauspicious influence on their proper working. This article deals with the establishment of the distribution size of solid particles captured by the fiber filters in the syngas with a suitable cleaning design. Gas was produced in the fixed-bed “Imbert” type generator. Filter cake, which contained pollutants, was captured on a filter and then analyzed. Based on single total solid particles (TSP) components, we conclude that this includes its partial elimination.

Granulated beet pulp and wheat straw, first separately and then mixed in a weight ratio of 50/50%, underwent a pyrolysis process in a laboratory batch generator with process temperatures of 400 and 500 °C. The feedstock’s chemical composition and the pyrolysis products’ chemical composition (biochar and pyrolysis gas) were analysed. A synergistic effect was observed in the co-pyrolysis of the combined feedstock, which occurred as an increase the content of the arising gas in relation to the total weight of the products. and as a reduction of bio-oil content. The maximum gas proportion was 21.8% at 500 °C and the minimum between 12.6% and 18.4% for the pyrolysis of individual substrates at 400 °C. The proportions of the gases, including CO, CO₂, CH₄, H₂, and O₂, present in the resulting synthesis gases were also analysed. The usage of a higher pyrolysis final temperature strongly affected the increase of the CH₄ and H₂ concentration and the decrease of CO₂ and CO concentration in the pyrolysis gas. The highest percentage of hydrogen in the synthesis gas, around 33%_vol, occurred at 500 °C during co-pyrolysis.

A comparative study was carried out of emissions from the catalytic combustion of pellets made from furniture board waste and pellets made from wood mixed with Fe₂O₃. The mass content of the Fe₂O₃ catalyst in the fuel was varied from 0% to 5%, 10%, and 15% in relation to the total dry mass weight of the pellets. The average flame temperature in the boiler was between 730 and 800 °C. The effect of the catalyst concentration in the fuel was analysed with respect to the contents of O₂, CO₂, CO, H_2, and NO_x in the flue gas and the combustion quality of the pellets in the heating boiler. Changes in the CO₂ content and the proportion of unburned combustible components in the combustion residue were assessed. It was established that an increase in the Fe₂O₃ content of the prepared fuels had a positive effect on reducing NO_x, CO, and H₂ emissions. However, the proportion of iron oxide in the tested fuel pellets did not significantly influence changes in their combustion quality. A strong effect of the addition of Fe₂O₃ on the reduction of the average NOx content in the flue gas occurred with the combustion of furniture board fuel, from 51.4 ppm at 0% Fe₂O₃ to 7.7 ppm for an additive content of 15%. Based on the analysis of the residue in the boiler ash pan, the amount of unburned combustibles relative to their input amounts was found to be 0.09–0.22% for wood pellets and 0.50–0.31% for furniture board waste pellets.

A concept has been proposed for an installation designed to store excess electricity periodically occurring on the grid. Excess electricity will be used for straw pyrolysis. The main pyrolysis product, gas, will be used to generate electricity using a combustion generator to feed back power into the grid during periods of shortage. The resulting biochar from the pyrolysis can be introduced into the soil to improve soil quality and play a significant role in carbon sequestration. The system uses an electrically heated reactor with a screw conveyor.

On the way to reducing emissions released into the atmosphere, there is an obstacle in the form of the emissions of solid pollutants produced by households, namely the burning of solid fuels in small heat sources. In this article, the authors deal with the development of a low-cost electrostatic precipitator, which would be able to significantly reduce the production of particulate matter. This is a tubular precipitator concept, which is enhanced by dividing the precipitation space into four chambers, each of which has an ionization electrode. With the investigated structural arrangement, it is possible to increase the size of the collection area without affecting the external dimensions of the separator. The essence of this article was to focus on the design of an ionization electrode, which, in addition to the function of a negative electrode, would also fulfill the function of a structural element of the proposed geometry. The work contains a technical design for the shape of the ionization electrode, which was subsequently examined using ANSYS Fluent software. The conditions under which a corona discharge will occur on the electrodes and how particulate matter is captured in the separation device were investigated with the help of simulations of the electric field intensity. According to the achieved simulation results, calculations were made for the theoretical efficiency of particle collection, which reached a value of approximately 78%.