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A lack of long-term soil wind erosion data impedes sustainable land management in developing regions, especially in Central Asia (CA). Compared with large-scale field measurements, wind erosion modeling based on geospatial data is an efficient and effective method for quantitative soil wind erosion mapping. However, conventional local-based wind erosion modeling is time-consuming and labor-intensive, especially when processing large amounts of geospatial data. To address this issue, we developed a Google Earth Engine-based Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) model, named GEE-RWEQ, to delineate the Soil Wind Erosion Potential (SWEP). Based on the GEE-RWEQ model, terabytes of Remote Sensing (RS) data, climate assimilation data, and some other geospatial data were applied to produce monthly SWEP with a high spatial resolution (500 m) across CA between 2000 and 2019. The results show that the mean SWEP is in good agreement with the ground observation-based dust storm index (DSI), satellite-based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), and Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI), confirming that GEE-RWEQ is a robust wind erosion prediction model. Wind speed factors primarily determined the wind erosion in CA (r = 0.7, p < 0.001), and the SWEP has significantly increased since 2011 because of the reversal of global terrestrial stilling in recent years. The Aral Sea Dry Lakebed (ASDLB), formed by shrinkage of the Aral Sea, is the most severe wind erosion area in CA (47.29 kg/m2/y). Temporally, the wind erosion dominated by wind speed has the largest spatial extent of wind erosion in Spring (MAM). Meanwhile, affected by the spatial difference of the snowmelt period in CA, the wind erosion hazard center moved from the southwest (Karakum Desert) to the middle of CA (Kyzylkum Desert and Muyunkum Desert) during spring. According to the impacts of land cover change on the spatial dynamic of wind erosion, the SWEP of bareland was the highest, while that of forestland was the lowest.
Wei Wang; Alim Samat; Yongxiao Ge; Long Ma; Abula Tuheti; Shan Zou; Jilili Abuduwaili. Quantitative Soil Wind Erosion Potential Mapping for Central Asia Using the Google Earth Engine Platform. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3430 .
AMA StyleWei Wang, Alim Samat, Yongxiao Ge, Long Ma, Abula Tuheti, Shan Zou, Jilili Abuduwaili. Quantitative Soil Wind Erosion Potential Mapping for Central Asia Using the Google Earth Engine Platform. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (20):3430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Wang; Alim Samat; Yongxiao Ge; Long Ma; Abula Tuheti; Shan Zou; Jilili Abuduwaili. 2020. "Quantitative Soil Wind Erosion Potential Mapping for Central Asia Using the Google Earth Engine Platform." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20: 3430.
The water level in Balkhash Lake is an important indicator for basin-wide ecosystem conditions, which is affected by many factors. The Ili River is a typical trans-boundary river between China and Kazakhstan, and its flows occupy about 80% of the runoff of all rivers flowing into Balkhash Lake. Several studies argued that overexploitation of water resources on the China side caused the decrease of river discharge of the Ili River, eventually leading to the decline of the Balkhash Lake’s water level. This study uses trend and correlation analysis to characterize variations in lake level, precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, land cover and population in the Balkhash Lake Basin. Results show that a substantial increase in the amount of discharges that flows from China to Kazakhstan has been observed from 1931 to 2013, and the average annual discharge from 1998 to 2013 reflects a 26.5% increase (36.33 × 108 m3) over the average from 1931 to 1997. The Kapchagay reservoir significantly reduced annual river discharges by about 11.67 × 108 m3 during the period 1970–1997, which significantly caused the decline of the Balkhash Lake’s levels. Agricultural land increased by 0.74 × 103 km2/year from 1992 to 2015, mainly in the southeast of Kazakhstan during the period 1998–2001, leading to an increasing trend in water consumption due to evapotranspiration from increasing irrigation. Overall, water resources are in long-term decline in the Balkhash Lake Basin when glaciers melt and irrigation must therefore be managed with increasing efficiency. The results presented here provide essential information for a comprehensive understanding of lake and water resources allocation and management.
Weili Duan; Shan Zou; Yaning Chen; Daniel Nover; Gonghuan Fang; Yi Wang. Sustainable water management for cross-border resources: The Balkhash Lake Basin of Central Asia, 1931–2015. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 263, 121614 .
AMA StyleWeili Duan, Shan Zou, Yaning Chen, Daniel Nover, Gonghuan Fang, Yi Wang. Sustainable water management for cross-border resources: The Balkhash Lake Basin of Central Asia, 1931–2015. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 263 ():121614.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeili Duan; Shan Zou; Yaning Chen; Daniel Nover; Gonghuan Fang; Yi Wang. 2020. "Sustainable water management for cross-border resources: The Balkhash Lake Basin of Central Asia, 1931–2015." Journal of Cleaner Production 263, no. : 121614.
Water resources are increasingly under stress in Central Asia because downstream countries are highly dependent on upstream countries. Water is essential for irrigation and is becoming scarcer due to climate change and human activities. Based on 20 hydrological stations, this study firstly analyzed the annual and seasonal spatial–temporal changes of the river discharges, precipitation, and temperature in the Syr Darya River Basin and then the possible relationships between these factors were detected. Finally, the potential reasons for the river discharge variations have been discussed. The results show that the river discharges in the upper stream of the basin had significantly risen from 1930 to 2006, mainly due to the increase in temperature (approximately 0.3 °C per decade), which accelerated the melting of glaciers, while it decreased in the middle and lower regions due to the rising irrigation. In the middle of the basin, the expansion of the construction land (128.83 km2/year) and agricultural land (66.68 km2/year) from 1992 to 2015 has significantly augmented the water consumption. The operations of reservoirs and irrigation canals significantly intercepted the river discharge from the upper streams, causing a sharp decline in the river discharges in the middle and lower reaches of the Syr Darya River in 1973. The outcomes obtained from this study allowed us to understand the changes in the river discharges and provided essential information for effective water resource management in the Syr Darya River Basin.
Shan Zou; Abuduwaili Jilili; Weili Duan; Philippe Maeyer; Tim De Voorde. Human and Natural Impacts on the Water Resources in the Syr Darya River Basin, Central Asia. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3084 .
AMA StyleShan Zou, Abuduwaili Jilili, Weili Duan, Philippe Maeyer, Tim De Voorde. Human and Natural Impacts on the Water Resources in the Syr Darya River Basin, Central Asia. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3084.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShan Zou; Abuduwaili Jilili; Weili Duan; Philippe Maeyer; Tim De Voorde. 2019. "Human and Natural Impacts on the Water Resources in the Syr Darya River Basin, Central Asia." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3084.