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The fuel qualities of several biodiesels containing highly saturated, mono, and poly unsaturated fatty acids, as well as their combustion and exhaust emission characteristics, were studied. Six biodiesel samples were divided into two groups based on their fatty acid composition, including group 1 (coconut, castor, and jatropha) and group II (palm, karanja, and waste cooking oil biodiesel). All fuels (in both groups) were tested in a single-cylinder off-road diesel engine. Castor and karanja biodiesel, both rich in mono-unsaturation level, have a high viscosity of about 14.5 and 5.04 mm2/s, respectively. The coconut and palm biodiesels are rich in saturation level with cetane numbers of 62 and 60, respectively. In both groups, highly saturated and poly-unsaturated methyl esters presented better combustion efficiency and less formation of polluted emissions than mono-unsaturation. At full load, coconut and palm biodiesel displayed 38% and 10% advanced start of combustion, respectively, which reduced ignition delay by approximately 10% and 3%, respectively. Mono-unsaturated methyl esters exhibited a higher cylinder pressure and heat release rate, which results in higher NOx gas emissions. The group II biodiesels showed about 10–15% lower exhaust emissions owing to an optimum level of fatty acid composition. Our study concluded that highly saturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acid performed better than mono-unsaturated biodiesels for off-road engine application.
Vikas Sharma; Abul K. Hossain; Ganesh Duraisamy. Experimental Investigation of Neat Biodiesels’ Saturation Level on Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a CI Engine. Energies 2021, 14, 5203 .
AMA StyleVikas Sharma, Abul K. Hossain, Ganesh Duraisamy. Experimental Investigation of Neat Biodiesels’ Saturation Level on Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a CI Engine. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):5203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVikas Sharma; Abul K. Hossain; Ganesh Duraisamy. 2021. "Experimental Investigation of Neat Biodiesels’ Saturation Level on Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a CI Engine." Energies 14, no. 16: 5203.
Radial flow turbines are extensively used in turbocharging technology due to their unique capability of handling a wide range of exhaust gas flow. The pulsating flow nature of the internal combustion engine exhaust gases causes unsteady operation of the turbine stage. This paper presents the impact of the pulsating flow of various characteristics on the performance of a radial flow turbine. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic model was coupled with a one-dimensional engine model to study the realistic pulsating flow. Applying square wave pulsating flow showed the highest degree of unsteadiness corresponding to 92.6% maximum mass flow accumulation due to the consecutive sudden changes of the mass flowrates over the entire pulse. Although sawtooth showed a maximum mass flow accumulation value of 88.9%, the mass flowrates entailed gradual change and resulted in the least overall mass flow accumulation over the entire pulse. These two extremes constrained the anticipated performance of the radial flow turbine that operates under realistic pulsating flow. Such constraints could develop an operating envelope to predict the performance and optimize radial flow turbines’ power extraction under pulsating flow conditions.
Ahmed Rezk; Sidharath Sharma; Simon Barrans; Abul Kalam Hossain; Samuel P. Lee; Mohammad Imran. Computational Study of a Radial Flow Turbine Operates Under Various Pulsating Flow Shapes and Amplitudes. Journal of Energy Resources Technology 2021, 143, 1 -24.
AMA StyleAhmed Rezk, Sidharath Sharma, Simon Barrans, Abul Kalam Hossain, Samuel P. Lee, Mohammad Imran. Computational Study of a Radial Flow Turbine Operates Under Various Pulsating Flow Shapes and Amplitudes. Journal of Energy Resources Technology. 2021; 143 (12):1-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed Rezk; Sidharath Sharma; Simon Barrans; Abul Kalam Hossain; Samuel P. Lee; Mohammad Imran. 2021. "Computational Study of a Radial Flow Turbine Operates Under Various Pulsating Flow Shapes and Amplitudes." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 143, no. 12: 1-24.
Biodiesel fuels releases higher NOx emissions than fossil diesel. The Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technique used in the OEM industry is not suitable for application in small engines due to back pressure and clogging problems. Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) is used in relatively large combustion operations. This study introduces a new design by combining SCR and SNCR systems, for use in low power density diesel engines. The system composed of injection-expansion pipe and swirl chamber. The working principle is maximum mixing of the injected fluid and exhaust gas in the expansion chamber, then creating a maximum turbulence in the swirl chamber. This way NOx emission can be reduced at relatively lower exhaust temperatures without using any catalyst. The CFD models of three design candidates were examined in terms of velocity magnitudes, turbulence intensity and particle residence time. The selected design was manufactured and tested. Distilled water and urea-water solution were injected separately at the same flow rate of 375 ml/min. Exhaust emissions of fossil diesel, sheep fat biodiesel – waste cooking oil biodiesel blend and chicken fat – cottonseed biodiesel blend were tested. No significant changes in CO2 and HC gases were observed. Distilled water injection reduced CO and NO emissions by about 10% and 6% for fossil diesel; and by about 9% and 7% for biodiesels operation respectively. The urea-water injection led to reductions in CO and NO emissions by about 60% and 13% for fossil diesel; and by about 45% and 15% for biodiesels respectively.
Kemal Masera; Abul K. Hossain. Modified selective non-catalytic reduction system to reduce NOx gas emission in biodiesel powered engines. Fuel 2021, 298, 120826 .
AMA StyleKemal Masera, Abul K. Hossain. Modified selective non-catalytic reduction system to reduce NOx gas emission in biodiesel powered engines. Fuel. 2021; 298 ():120826.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKemal Masera; Abul K. Hossain. 2021. "Modified selective non-catalytic reduction system to reduce NOx gas emission in biodiesel powered engines." Fuel 298, no. : 120826.
Despite the fundamental role of the social aspect in the implementation of sustainability in the bio-based industries, most of the sustainability assessments research have addressed the environmental and economic dimensions. However, the social dimension has been neglected and it can cause an irreparable outcome in the biotechnology industries. Following this issue, this study propounds a modified systemic approach for a social sustainability impact assessment of the treatment technologies for converting waste into bioenergy, based on a review on the common social assessment methods. As it is known, the guideline presented by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (2009) due to considering social life cycle assessment has a comprehensive look at the stakeholders. Therefore, in this paper, UNEP method was selected. However, it needs to be modified based on the bio-energy supply chain derived from municipal solid waste. For this purpose, the bioenergy value chain derived from municipal solid waste was designed and combined with UNEP guideline, to complete the level of stakeholder subgroups and the levels of the indicators. The final method of the social assessment system was presented to the board of experts and finalized. In order to design the measurement part of the social assessment system, because of a multi criteria decision making nature of the social sustainability evaluation of the conversion technologies of municipal solid waste to bio-energies, a recent developed multi-criteria decision making method so-called Best Worst Method (BWM) was used in two stages. The criteria are ranked according to their average weight obtained through Best Worst method. One of the major novelties in this research is the way of application of the best worst technique in the second stage. The model was implemented in the case of Tehran as one of the pioneering Iranian municipalities with high potential to produce bioenergy. The results of this study help decision makers to decide where to concentrate their attention during the implementation stage, and to increase social sustainability in their bioenergy supply chains derived waste.
Zahra Alidoosti; Ahmad Sadegheih; Kannan Govindan; Mir Saman Pishvaee; Ali Mostafaeipour; Abul Kalam Hossain. Social sustainability of treatment technologies for bioenergy generation from the municipal solid waste using best worst method. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 288, 125592 .
AMA StyleZahra Alidoosti, Ahmad Sadegheih, Kannan Govindan, Mir Saman Pishvaee, Ali Mostafaeipour, Abul Kalam Hossain. Social sustainability of treatment technologies for bioenergy generation from the municipal solid waste using best worst method. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 288 ():125592.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZahra Alidoosti; Ahmad Sadegheih; Kannan Govindan; Mir Saman Pishvaee; Ali Mostafaeipour; Abul Kalam Hossain. 2020. "Social sustainability of treatment technologies for bioenergy generation from the municipal solid waste using best worst method." Journal of Cleaner Production 288, no. : 125592.
Sustainable green biofuels could replace a significant amount of fossil fuels responsible for environmental pollution. In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) was tested in a diesel engine either neat or blended separately with diesel, butanol and gasoline, with an additive concentration between 10% and 30% by volume. The heating values of the WCO were slightly decreased when blended with butanol, whereas they increased when blended with either gasoline or diesel. The flash point temperatures decreased. All fuel samples were non-corrosive and non-acidic. At full load, the brake specific fuel consumption of the WCO–additive fuels was approximately 1–3% higher than diesel. The thermal efficiency of the neat WCO, neat diesel and WCO–10% diesel were very close to each other, whereas, in the case of 20% butanol blend, the efficiency decreased by about 2% when compared to the neat diesel value. The WCO–butanol fuel gave the lowest NOx emission and a 0.6% lower CO2 emission than diesel. Combustion characteristics results showed stable engine operation for all blends. The combustion duration was maximal with WCO–butanol blends. The study concluded that the WCO with 10–20% butanol or fossil diesel exhibited similar performance and emission characteristics observed for neat fossil diesel.
Abul K. Hossain. Combustion Characteristics of Waste Cooking Oil–Butanol/Diesel/Gasoline Blends for Cleaner Emission. Clean Technologies 2020, 2, 447 -461.
AMA StyleAbul K. Hossain. Combustion Characteristics of Waste Cooking Oil–Butanol/Diesel/Gasoline Blends for Cleaner Emission. Clean Technologies. 2020; 2 (4):447-461.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbul K. Hossain. 2020. "Combustion Characteristics of Waste Cooking Oil–Butanol/Diesel/Gasoline Blends for Cleaner Emission." Clean Technologies 2, no. 4: 447-461.
Neat biodiesels are not preferred for use in the compression ignition (CI) engines due to their high viscosities and related operational difficulties. This study investigated the fuel properties and combustion characteristics when 2-butoxyethanol additive was mixed separately with waste cooking oil biodiesel (W100) and rapeseed oil biodiesel (R100). Compared to neat biodiesels, the viscosities (at 40 °C) of the W100 and R100 were reduced by 12.5% and 9.8% respectively, when they were blended separately with 15% 2-butoxyethanol. Four different samples such as W100, mixture of 85% W100 and 15% 2-Butoxyethanol (W85), R100, mixture of 85% R100 and 15% 2-Butoxyethanol (R85) were tested in a multi-cylinder CI engine. The thermal efficiency of the W85 fuel was higher than fossil diesel by approximately 3.7%. Total combustion duration of the biodiesel-additive blends were shorter than neat biodiesels and fossil diesel. Biodiesel-additive blends provided approximately 6% higher in-cylinder peak pressures. At full load, W85 fuel gave up to 5.4% reduced NOx emissions than neat biodiesel. The CO, HC and smoke emissions were decreased by up to 36%, 100% and 79% respectively. The study concluded that 2-butoxyethanol could effectively be used as biodiesel additive to improve fuel property; and to achieve better combustion and reduced pollution.
Kemal Masera; Abul K. Hossain; Philip A. Davies; Khalid Doudin. Investigation of 2-butoxyethanol as biodiesel additive on fuel property and combustion characteristics of two neat biodiesels. Renewable Energy 2020, 164, 285 -297.
AMA StyleKemal Masera, Abul K. Hossain, Philip A. Davies, Khalid Doudin. Investigation of 2-butoxyethanol as biodiesel additive on fuel property and combustion characteristics of two neat biodiesels. Renewable Energy. 2020; 164 ():285-297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKemal Masera; Abul K. Hossain; Philip A. Davies; Khalid Doudin. 2020. "Investigation of 2-butoxyethanol as biodiesel additive on fuel property and combustion characteristics of two neat biodiesels." Renewable Energy 164, no. : 285-297.
Use of nano-additives in biofuels is an important research and development topic for achieving optimum engine performance with reduced emissions. In this study, rice bran oil was converted into biodiesel and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were infused into biodiesel-diesel blends. Two blends containing (i) 5% biodiesel, 95% diesel and 30 ppm GO (B5D95GO30) and (ii) 15% biodiesel, 85% diesel and 30 ppm GO (B15D85GO30) were prepared. The fuel properties like heating value, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, etc. of the nanoadditives–biodiesel-diesel blends (NBDB) were measured. Effects of injection timing (IT) on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics were studied. It was observed that both B15D85GO30 and B5D95GO30 blends at IT23° gave up to 13.5% reduction in specific fuel consumption. Compared to diesel, the brake thermal efficiency was increased by 7.62% for B15D85GO30 at IT23° and IT25°. An increase in IT from 23° to 25° deteriorated the indicated thermal efficiency by 6.68% for B15D85GO30. At maximum load condition, the peak heat release rates of NBDB were found to be lower than the pure diesel at both IT. The CO, CO2 & NOx emissions were reduced by 2–8%. The study concluded that B15D85GO30 at IT23° gave optimum results in terms of performance, combustion and emission characteristics.
S. Nagaraja; D. Dsilva Winfred Rufuss; A.K. Hossain. Microscopic characteristics of biodiesel – Graphene oxide nanoparticle blends and their Utilisation in a compression ignition engine. Renewable Energy 2020, 160, 830 -841.
AMA StyleS. Nagaraja, D. Dsilva Winfred Rufuss, A.K. Hossain. Microscopic characteristics of biodiesel – Graphene oxide nanoparticle blends and their Utilisation in a compression ignition engine. Renewable Energy. 2020; 160 ():830-841.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Nagaraja; D. Dsilva Winfred Rufuss; A.K. Hossain. 2020. "Microscopic characteristics of biodiesel – Graphene oxide nanoparticle blends and their Utilisation in a compression ignition engine." Renewable Energy 160, no. : 830-841.
Stable neat oil emulsions were prepared and tested in a multi-cylinder engine to assess the exhaust emission and performance characteristics. The heating value of the biofuel-diesel blend emulsion was 16.8% higher than neat rapeseed oil and 6.7% lower than neat diesel fuels. The density of the biofuel emulsions were increased by up to 11% as compared to neat fossil diesel. The engine produced similar power output when emulsified fuels were used instead of fossil diesel. At full load, the thermal efficiency of neat biofuel emulsion was 12% higher than that of fossil diesel. At higher loads, the bsfc of the biofuel blend emulsion was very close to that of fossil diesel. Compared to fossil diesel, emulsified fuels gave slightly higher CO2 emissions. Biofuel and biofuel-diesel blend emulsions produced up to 15% lower NOx emissions. At 100% load, the smoke intensity of biofuel blend emulsion was about 29% lower than neat fossil diesel operation. Emulsified fuels combusted well, and at higher loads produced similar exhaust gas temperatures to those in neat fossil diesel operation. The study concluded that neat oil - diesel - water emulsion fuel could be used in an unmodified diesel engine for increased thermal efficiency and decreased emissions.
A.K. Hossain; P. Refahtalab; A. Omran; D.I. Smith; P.A. Davies. An experimental study on performance and emission characteristics of an IDI diesel engine operating with neat oil-diesel blend emulsion. Renewable Energy 2019, 146, 1041 -1050.
AMA StyleA.K. Hossain, P. Refahtalab, A. Omran, D.I. Smith, P.A. Davies. An experimental study on performance and emission characteristics of an IDI diesel engine operating with neat oil-diesel blend emulsion. Renewable Energy. 2019; 146 ():1041-1050.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.K. Hossain; P. Refahtalab; A. Omran; D.I. Smith; P.A. Davies. 2019. "An experimental study on performance and emission characteristics of an IDI diesel engine operating with neat oil-diesel blend emulsion." Renewable Energy 146, no. : 1041-1050.
Kemal Masera; Abul Hossain. Biofuels and thermal barrier: A review on compression ignition engine performance, combustion and exhaust gas emission. Journal of the Energy Institute 2019, 92, 783 -801.
AMA StyleKemal Masera, Abul Hossain. Biofuels and thermal barrier: A review on compression ignition engine performance, combustion and exhaust gas emission. Journal of the Energy Institute. 2019; 92 (3):783-801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKemal Masera; Abul Hossain. 2019. "Biofuels and thermal barrier: A review on compression ignition engine performance, combustion and exhaust gas emission." Journal of the Energy Institute 92, no. 3: 783-801.
Jatropha biodiesel was produced from neat jatropha oil using both esterification and transesterification processes. The free fatty acid value content of neat jatropha oil was reduced to approximately 2% from 12% through esterification. Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were added separately to jatropha biodiesel in doses of 100 ppm and 50 ppm. The heating value, acid number, density, flash point temperature and kinematic viscosity of the nanoadditive fuel samples were measured and compared with the corresponding properties of neat fossil diesel and neat jatropha biodiesel. Jatropha biodiesel with 100 ppm Al2O3 nanoparticle (J100A100) was selected for engine testing due to its higher heating value and successful amalgamation of the Al2O3 nanoparticles used. The brake thermal efficiency of J100A100 fuel was about 3% higher than for neat fossil diesel, and was quite similar to that of neat jatropha biodiesel. At full load, the brake specific energy consumption of J100A100 fuel was found to be 4% higher and 6% lower than the corresponding values obtained for neat jatropha biodiesel and neat fossil diesel fuels respectively. The NOx emission was found to be 4% lower with J100A100 fuel when compared to jatropha biodiesel. The unburnt hydrocarbon and smoke emissions were decreased significantly when J100A100 fuel was used instead of neat jatropha biodiesel or neat fossil diesel fuels. Combustion characteristics showed that in almost all loads, J100A100 fuel had a higher total heat release than the reference fuels. At full load, the J100A100 fuel produced similar peak in-cylinder pressures when compared to neat fossil diesel and neat jatropha biodiesel fuels. The study concluded that J100A100 fuel produced better combustion and emission characteristics than neat jatropha biodiesel.
Abul Kalam Hossain; Abdul Hussain. Impact of Nanoadditives on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Neat Jatropha Biodiesel. Energies 2019, 12, 921 .
AMA StyleAbul Kalam Hossain, Abdul Hussain. Impact of Nanoadditives on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Neat Jatropha Biodiesel. Energies. 2019; 12 (5):921.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbul Kalam Hossain; Abdul Hussain. 2019. "Impact of Nanoadditives on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Neat Jatropha Biodiesel." Energies 12, no. 5: 921.
Although waste animal fats such as chicken fat are promising alternative energy sources, biodiesels produced from these type of feedstocks hardly satisfies the EN14214 biodiesel standards. In this study, biomixtures were prepared by blending cottonseed biodiesel and chicken rendering fat biodiesel which were produced via transesterification method. Biodiesels were blended with each other at 60/40, 50/50 and 30/70 volume ratios to produce CO60CH40, CO50CH50 and CO30CH70 fuels. First, fuel properties of the neat biodiesels and novel biomixtures were measured and compared to European biodiesel standards and diesel. Then, the engine performance, combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of these novel biomixture fuels were measured in a three-cylinder indirect injection diesel engine under various engine loads and at constant speed of 1500 rpm. The fuel characterisation showed that CO60CH40 and CO50CH50 biomixtures met the European standards. The Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC) and Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of all biomixtures were comparable with CO100, CH100 and diesel at the full engine load. The combustion results revealed that the maximum in-cylinder pressure and energy release values of the CO50CH50 were 4.2% and 4.4% higher than the diesel at full engine load because of optimised fuel properties of biomixture such as molecular structure, viscosity, cetane number and iodine value. CO50CH50 had 2.9% reduced CO2 and comparable CO emission compared to diesel, which were also 5.6% and 13% lower than cottonseed biodiesel respectively. However, NO emission of CO50CH50 was found 3.8% and 5.8% higher than diesel and cottonseed biodiesel. A 6.5% reduction on NO emission was observed when CO60CH40 biomixture fuel was used instead of diesel. To conclude, this research showed that blending of cottonseed and chicken fat biodiesels is a promising approach to meet the EN14214 standards, improve in-cylinder pressure, optimise energy release and reduce exhaust emissions. Blending of different biodiesels will be tested as a future work.
Kemal Masera; A. K. Hossain. Combustion Characteristics of Cottonseed Biodiesel and Chicken Fat Biodiesel Mixture in a Multi-Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine. SAE Technical Paper Series 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleKemal Masera, A. K. Hossain. Combustion Characteristics of Cottonseed Biodiesel and Chicken Fat Biodiesel Mixture in a Multi-Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKemal Masera; A. K. Hossain. 2019. "Combustion Characteristics of Cottonseed Biodiesel and Chicken Fat Biodiesel Mixture in a Multi-Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine." SAE Technical Paper Series , no. : 1.
Hala Abu Ali; Margaret Baronian; Liam Burlace; Philip A. Davies; Suleiman Halasah; Monther Hind; Abul Hossain; Clive Lipchin; Areen Majali; Maya Mark; Tim Naughton. Off-grid desalination for irrigation in the Jordan Valley. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2019, 168, 143 -154.
AMA StyleHala Abu Ali, Margaret Baronian, Liam Burlace, Philip A. Davies, Suleiman Halasah, Monther Hind, Abul Hossain, Clive Lipchin, Areen Majali, Maya Mark, Tim Naughton. Off-grid desalination for irrigation in the Jordan Valley. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2019; 168 ():143-154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHala Abu Ali; Margaret Baronian; Liam Burlace; Philip A. Davies; Suleiman Halasah; Monther Hind; Abul Hossain; Clive Lipchin; Areen Majali; Maya Mark; Tim Naughton. 2019. "Off-grid desalination for irrigation in the Jordan Valley." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 168, no. : 143-154.
Renewable biofuels can offset greenhouse gases by replacing fossil fuels destined for internal combustion engines. However, biofuels have their own setbacks and may lead to poor combustion inside the engine cylinder. In this study, nanoparticles and butanol were blended either separately or together with waste cooking oil biodiesel and neat rape seed oil to investigate the impact of these additives on the properties and spray characteristics. The investigation comprised of three stages, with each having an effect on how the next stage of the investigation was conducted. Initially, the physicochemical characteristics of 25ppm, 50ppm, 75ppm and 100ppm concentrations of aluminium oxide and copper oxide nanoparticle blends with fossil diesel, waste cooking oil biodiesel and rapeseed oil were investigated. The results from first stage investigation showed that, in general, blends containing aluminium oxide nanoparticles gave better results for almost all the concentrations when compared with copper oxide nanoparticle blends with the same nanoparticle concentrations. Overall, waste cooking oil biodiesel blended with 100ppm aluminium oxide nanoparticle showed most promising results like the flash point of 159.3°C, kinematic viscosity @40°C of 4.66 cSt, and gross calorific value of 44.43 MJ/kg. These values were 61.6% higher, 51.3% higher and 3.2% lower than that of corresponding fossil diesel values. Subsequently, in the second stage of the study, the addition of butanol was investigated to assess its ability to enhance the emulsion of biofuel-nanoparticles blends. Four blends containing 90% biodiesel & 10% butanol, and 90% rapeseed oil & 10% butanol, with and without 100ppm Al2O3 were prepared. Results showed that the kinematic viscosity of the fuel blends containing 100ppm aluminium oxide nanoparticles were decreased by 0.4% and 3.3%, for 90% biodiesel & 10% butanol and 90% rapeseed oil & 10% butanol blends respectively, when compared to without the nanoparticles. The results obtained from the second stage of investigation proved that butanol acted as a surfactant and thus addition of butanol helped to improve the properties of the biofuel-nanoparticle blends. In the third stage of the study, the spray characteristics of fossil diesel, biodiesel, biodiesel + 100ppm aluminium oxide nanoparticles, rapeseed oil, rapeseed oil + 100ppm aluminium oxide nanoparticles, 90% biodiesel & 10% butanol, 90% biodiesel & 10% butanol + 100ppm aluminium oxide nanoparticles, 90% rapeseed oil & 10% butanol and 90% rapeseed oil & 10% butanol + 100ppm aluminium oxide nanoparticles were investigated. It was found that amongst all fuels, blend containing 90% biodiesel + 10% butanol + 100ppm aluminium oxide nanoparticles gave better spray characteristics; for example, the liquid sheet angle was 7.14% lower and the spray cone angle was 7.87% higher than the corresponding fossil diesel values. The study concluded that the spray characteristics and properties of biofuels could be improved by blending with both aluminium oxide nanoparticles and butanol.
K. H. Ahmad; A. K. Hossain. Impact of nanoparticles and butanol on properties and spray characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel and pure rapeseed oil. E3S Web of Conferences 2017, 23, 10001 .
AMA StyleK. H. Ahmad, A. K. Hossain. Impact of nanoparticles and butanol on properties and spray characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel and pure rapeseed oil. E3S Web of Conferences. 2017; 23 ():10001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. H. Ahmad; A. K. Hossain. 2017. "Impact of nanoparticles and butanol on properties and spray characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel and pure rapeseed oil." E3S Web of Conferences 23, no. : 10001.
Abul Hossain; David Smith; Philip Davies. Effects of Engine Cooling Water Temperature on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Operated with Biofuel Blend. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems 2017, 5, 46 -57.
AMA StyleAbul Hossain, David Smith, Philip Davies. Effects of Engine Cooling Water Temperature on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Operated with Biofuel Blend. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems. 2017; 5 (1):46-57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbul Hossain; David Smith; Philip Davies. 2017. "Effects of Engine Cooling Water Temperature on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Operated with Biofuel Blend." Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems 5, no. 1: 46-57.
Digestate from the anaerobic digestion conversion process is widely used as a farm land fertiliser. This study proposes an alternative use as a source of energy. Dried digestate was pyrolysed and the resulting oil was blended with waste cooking oil and butanol (10, 20 and 30 vol.%). The physical and chemical properties of the pyrolysis oil blends were measured and compared with pure fossil diesel and waste cooking oil. The blends were tested in a multi-cylinder indirect injection compression ignition engine. Engine combustion, exhaust gas emissions and performance parameters were measured and compared with pure fossil diesel operation. The ASTM copper corrosion values for 20% and 30% pyrolysis blends were 2c, compared to 1b for fossil diesel. The kinematic viscosities of the blends at 40 °C were 5–7 times higher than that of fossil diesel. Digested pyrolysis oil blends produced lower in-cylinder peak pressures than fossil diesel and waste cooking oil operation. The maximum heat release rates of the blends were approximately 8% higher than with fossil diesel. The ignition delay periods of the blends were higher; pyrolysis oil blends started to combust late and once combustion started burnt quicker than fossil diesel. The total burning duration of the 20% and 30% blends were decreased by 12% and 3% compared to fossil diesel. At full engine load, the brake thermal efficiencies of the blends were decreased by about 3–7% when compared to fossil diesel. The pyrolysis blends gave lower smoke levels; at full engine load, smoke level of the 20% blend was 44% lower than fossil diesel. In comparison to fossil diesel and at full load, the brake specific fuel consumption (wt.) of the 30% and 20% blends were approximately 32% and 15% higher. At full engine load, the CO emission of the 20% and 30% blends were decreased by 39% and 66% with respect to the fossil diesel. Blends CO2 emissions were similar to that of fossil diesel; at full engine load, 30% blend produced approximately 5% higher CO2 emission than fossil diesel. The study concludes that on the basis of short term engine experiment up to 30% blend of pyrolysis oil from digestate of arable crops can be used in a compression ignition engine.
A.K. Hossain; Clara Serrano; J.B. Brammer; A. Omran; F. Ahmed; D.I. Smith; P.A. Davies. Combustion of fuel blends containing digestate pyrolysis oil in a multi-cylinder compression ignition engine. Fuel 2015, 171, 18 -28.
AMA StyleA.K. Hossain, Clara Serrano, J.B. Brammer, A. Omran, F. Ahmed, D.I. Smith, P.A. Davies. Combustion of fuel blends containing digestate pyrolysis oil in a multi-cylinder compression ignition engine. Fuel. 2015; 171 ():18-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.K. Hossain; Clara Serrano; J.B. Brammer; A. Omran; F. Ahmed; D.I. Smith; P.A. Davies. 2015. "Combustion of fuel blends containing digestate pyrolysis oil in a multi-cylinder compression ignition engine." Fuel 171, no. : 18-28.
Y. Yang; J.G. Brammer; J. Samanya; A.K. Hossain; A. Hornung. Investigation into the performance and emissions of a stationary diesel engine fuelled by sewage sludge intermediate pyrolysis oil and biodiesel blends. Energy 2013, 62, 269 -276.
AMA StyleY. Yang, J.G. Brammer, J. Samanya, A.K. Hossain, A. Hornung. Investigation into the performance and emissions of a stationary diesel engine fuelled by sewage sludge intermediate pyrolysis oil and biodiesel blends. Energy. 2013; 62 ():269-276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleY. Yang; J.G. Brammer; J. Samanya; A.K. Hossain; A. Hornung. 2013. "Investigation into the performance and emissions of a stationary diesel engine fuelled by sewage sludge intermediate pyrolysis oil and biodiesel blends." Energy 62, no. : 269-276.
Liquids and gases produced through biomass pyrolysis have potential as renewable fuels to replace fossil fuels in conventional internal combustion engines. This review compares the properties of pyrolysis fuels, produced from a variety of feedstocks and using different pyrolysis techniques, against those of fossil fuels. High acidity, the presence of solid particles, high water content, high viscosity, storage and thermal instability, and low energy content are typical characteristics of pyrolysis liquids. A survey of combustion, performance and exhaust emission results from the use of pyrolysis liquids (both crude and up-graded) in compression ignition engines is presented. With only a few exceptions, most authors have reported difficulties associated with the adverse properties of pyrolysis liquids, including: corrosion and clogging of the injectors, long ignition delay and short combustion duration, difficulty in engine start-up, unstable operation, coking of the piston and cylinders and subsequent engine seizure. Pyrolysis gas can be used more readily, either in spark ignition or compression ignition engines; however, NOx reduction techniques are desirable. Various approaches to improve the properties of pyrolysis liquids are discussed and a comparison of the properties of up-graded vs. crude pyrolysis liquid is included. Further developments in up-gradation techniques, such as hydrocracking and bio-refinery approaches, could lead to the production of green diesel and green gasoline. Modifications required to engines for use with pyrolysis liquids, for example in the fuel supply and injection systems, are discussed. Storage stability and economic issues are also reviewed. Our study presents recent progress and important R&D areas for successful future use of pyrolysis fuels in internal combustion engines.
Abul Hossain; P.A. Davies. Pyrolysis liquids and gases as alternative fuels in internal combustion engines – A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2013, 21, 165 -189.
AMA StyleAbul Hossain, P.A. Davies. Pyrolysis liquids and gases as alternative fuels in internal combustion engines – A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2013; 21 ():165-189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbul Hossain; P.A. Davies. 2013. "Pyrolysis liquids and gases as alternative fuels in internal combustion engines – A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 21, no. : 165-189.
Abul Hossain; Philip Davies. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of an indirect injection (IDI) multi-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine operating on neat jatropha and karanj oils preheated by jacket water. Biomass and Bioenergy 2012, 46, 332 -342.
AMA StyleAbul Hossain, Philip Davies. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of an indirect injection (IDI) multi-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine operating on neat jatropha and karanj oils preheated by jacket water. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2012; 46 ():332-342.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbul Hossain; Philip Davies. 2012. "Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of an indirect injection (IDI) multi-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine operating on neat jatropha and karanj oils preheated by jacket water." Biomass and Bioenergy 46, no. : 332-342.
Abul Kalam Hossain; Philip Andrew Davies. Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Typical Biodiesel Engine Operated on Waste Cooking Oil Derived Biodiesel. SAE Technical Paper Series 2012, 1 .
AMA StyleAbul Kalam Hossain, Philip Andrew Davies. Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Typical Biodiesel Engine Operated on Waste Cooking Oil Derived Biodiesel. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2012; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbul Kalam Hossain; Philip Andrew Davies. 2012. "Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Typical Biodiesel Engine Operated on Waste Cooking Oil Derived Biodiesel." SAE Technical Paper Series , no. : 1.
De-inking sludge can be converted into useful forms of energy to provide economic and environmental benefits. In this study, pyrolysis oil produced from de-inking sludge through an intermediate pyrolysis technique was blended with biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil, and tested in a multi-cylinder indirect injection type CI engine. The physical and chemical properties of pyrolysis oil and its blends (20 and 30 vol.%) were measured and compared with those of fossil diesel and pure biodiesel (B100). Full engine power was achieved with both blends, and very little difference in engine performance and emission results were observed between 20% and 30% blends. At full engine load, the brake specific fuel consumption on a volume basis was around 6% higher for the blends when compared to fossil diesel. The brake thermal efficiencies were about 3–6% lower than biodiesel and were similar to fossil diesel. Exhaust gas emissions of the blends contained 4% higher CO2 and 6–12% lower NOx, as compared to fossil diesel. At full load, CO emissions of the blends were decreased by 5–10 times. The cylinder gas pressure diagram showed stable engine operation with the 20% blend, but indicated minor knocking with 30% blend. Peak cylinder pressure of the 30% blend was about 5–6% higher compared to fossil diesel. At full load, the peak burn rate of combustion from the 30% blend was about 26% and 12% higher than fossil diesel and biodiesel respectively. In comparison to fossil diesel the combustion duration was decreased for both blends; for 30% blend at full load, the duration was almost 12% lower. The study concludes that up to 20% blend of de-inking sludge pyrolysis oil with biodiesel can be used in an indirect injection CI engine without adding any ignition additives or surfactants.
A.K. Hossain; M. Ouadi; S.U. Siddiqui; Y. Yang; J. Brammer; Dr. Andreas Hornung; M. Kay; P.A. Davies. Experimental investigation of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of an indirect injection multi-cylinder CI engine fuelled by blends of de-inking sludge pyrolysis oil with biodiesel. Fuel 2012, 105, 135 -142.
AMA StyleA.K. Hossain, M. Ouadi, S.U. Siddiqui, Y. Yang, J. Brammer, Dr. Andreas Hornung, M. Kay, P.A. Davies. Experimental investigation of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of an indirect injection multi-cylinder CI engine fuelled by blends of de-inking sludge pyrolysis oil with biodiesel. Fuel. 2012; 105 ():135-142.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.K. Hossain; M. Ouadi; S.U. Siddiqui; Y. Yang; J. Brammer; Dr. Andreas Hornung; M. Kay; P.A. Davies. 2012. "Experimental investigation of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of an indirect injection multi-cylinder CI engine fuelled by blends of de-inking sludge pyrolysis oil with biodiesel." Fuel 105, no. : 135-142.