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Jiechen Wang
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

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Article
Published: 26 August 2021 in Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy
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Nighttime light (NTL) data records the nocturnal emission signals of human activities and provides an accurate and continuous basis for the study of social and economic development. A new geostatistical model using NTL data is proposed to estimate the effects of human disturbance on wildlife habitats. This paper presents an extended application of NTL data using integrated nested Laplace approximation with stochastic partial differential equation (INLA-SPDE) for modeling the spatial correlation. Several covariates, such as incision depth, road network, population, and land cover, were used to delineate the distribution of human disturbance. Our method includes an improved SPDE construction approach that allows the detection of non-stationary data in NTL datasets. Among four types of SPDE modes, the urban mode achieved the best fitting performance, revealing the aggregation effect of cities in NTL data. Comparison with previous research shows that, the estimation results of human disturbance coincided with Wilderness Quality Index, and demonstrated its potential capacity for application in ecological protection and biological conservation through an analysis of natural reserves in Yunnan Province.

ACS Style

Changbai Xi; Zhaoning Wu; Tianlu Qian; Lu Liu; Jiechen Wang. A Bayesian Model for Estimating the Effects of Human Disturbance on Wildlife Habitats Based on Nighttime Light Data and INLA-SPDE. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy 2021, 1 -22.

AMA Style

Changbai Xi, Zhaoning Wu, Tianlu Qian, Lu Liu, Jiechen Wang. A Bayesian Model for Estimating the Effects of Human Disturbance on Wildlife Habitats Based on Nighttime Light Data and INLA-SPDE. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy. 2021; ():1-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Changbai Xi; Zhaoning Wu; Tianlu Qian; Lu Liu; Jiechen Wang. 2021. "A Bayesian Model for Estimating the Effects of Human Disturbance on Wildlife Habitats Based on Nighttime Light Data and INLA-SPDE." Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy , no. : 1-22.

Correspondence
Published: 26 June 2021 in Biological Conservation
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Yuhang Li; Scott R. Loss; Zhongqiu Li. Cat predation attracts great attention in China and what to do next? A reply to. Biological Conservation 2021, 260, 109221 .

AMA Style

Yuhang Li, Scott R. Loss, Zhongqiu Li. Cat predation attracts great attention in China and what to do next? A reply to. Biological Conservation. 2021; 260 ():109221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuhang Li; Scott R. Loss; Zhongqiu Li. 2021. "Cat predation attracts great attention in China and what to do next? A reply to." Biological Conservation 260, no. : 109221.

Review
Published: 22 June 2021 in Behavioral Ecology
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Group-size effects, whereby antipredator vigilance decreases as group size increases, are widely reported in mammals and birds but a meta-analysis has only been conducted in birds. We systematically reviewed the literature on mammalian group-size effects, estimated the effect sizes in each study, and conducted a phylogenetic meta-analysis. We obtained 296 effect sizes from 97 species belonging to 10 Orders and 26 Families. Overall, effect sizes indicated a moderate negative effect of group size (r = −0.44), but 43% of the effect sizes were compatible with a null effect of group size. There was significant heterogeneity in effect sizes. Weaker effect sizes occurred when vigilance was measured as a frequency or a duration rather than as a percentage of time spent vigilant, when measured in closed habitats, during the reproductive season, and in mixed-sex groups or during times when juveniles were absent. We infer a “file drawer problem” because there were relatively few studies with smaller sample sizes reporting small group-size effects. The results confirm the importance of group size in explaining variation in mammalian vigilance but also suggest which a substantial amount of variation remains unexplained. We suggest that future studies should aim to study mammalian group-size effects by quantifying the percentage of time allocated to vigilance rather than lower-power methods such as frequency or duration of vigilance.

ACS Style

Guy Beauchamp; Zhongqiu Li; Cong Yu; Peter A Bednekoff; Daniel T Blumstein. A meta-analysis of the group-size effect on vigilance in mammals. Behavioral Ecology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Guy Beauchamp, Zhongqiu Li, Cong Yu, Peter A Bednekoff, Daniel T Blumstein. A meta-analysis of the group-size effect on vigilance in mammals. Behavioral Ecology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guy Beauchamp; Zhongqiu Li; Cong Yu; Peter A Bednekoff; Daniel T Blumstein. 2021. "A meta-analysis of the group-size effect on vigilance in mammals." Behavioral Ecology , no. : 1.

Original article
Published: 20 January 2021 in Journal of Ornithology
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Lin Wang; Yunchao Luo; Abudusaimaiti Maierdiyali; Hao Chang; Sana Ullah; Zhongqiu Li. Azure-winged Magpies Cyanopica cyanus passed the tasks on the Uzgiris-Hunt scale of object permanence. Journal of Ornithology 2021, 162, 605 -613.

AMA Style

Lin Wang, Yunchao Luo, Abudusaimaiti Maierdiyali, Hao Chang, Sana Ullah, Zhongqiu Li. Azure-winged Magpies Cyanopica cyanus passed the tasks on the Uzgiris-Hunt scale of object permanence. Journal of Ornithology. 2021; 162 (2):605-613.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Wang; Yunchao Luo; Abudusaimaiti Maierdiyali; Hao Chang; Sana Ullah; Zhongqiu Li. 2021. "Azure-winged Magpies Cyanopica cyanus passed the tasks on the Uzgiris-Hunt scale of object permanence." Journal of Ornithology 162, no. 2: 605-613.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Scientific Reports
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In this study, the improved Aesop’s fable paradigm—a series of experiments originally used to test whether some animals understand the causality associated with water replacement—was used to explore the cognitive ability of Azure-winged magpies (Cyanopica cyanus). Experimental results on causal cue tasks showed that the Azure-winged magpies prefer water-filled tubes over sand-filled tubes, heavy objects over light objects, and solid objects over hollow objects. However, they failed to notice the diameter and water level of the tubes. They also failed to pass the counterintuitive U-shaped tube task in arbitrary cue tasks. Our results demonstrated that Azure-winged magpies have a certain cognitive ability but not an understanding of causality, a characteristic comparable to that of other corvids. Moreover, Azure-winged magpies exhibited the ability of training transfer and analogical problem solving from the perspective of cognitive psychology. We believe that object-bias has little effect on Azure-winged magpies in this study. We can conclude that the Azure-winged magpies partially completed the tasks by trial-and-error learning.

ACS Style

Yigui Zhang; Cong Yu; Lixin Chen; Zhongqiu Li. Performance of Azure-winged magpies in Aesop’s fable paradigm. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Yigui Zhang, Cong Yu, Lixin Chen, Zhongqiu Li. Performance of Azure-winged magpies in Aesop’s fable paradigm. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yigui Zhang; Cong Yu; Lixin Chen; Zhongqiu Li. 2021. "Performance of Azure-winged magpies in Aesop’s fable paradigm." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Air pollution is a global environmental problem, and its effects on human behavior, psychology, and health have been well studied. However, very few studies were done on if and how air pollution affects animal behavior, for example, social conflict. Many physiological and psychological evidences suggest a possible positive relationship between air pollution and animal social conflict, thus we established a multiple linear regression model using a captive monkey group to explore if monkeys behave more aggressively in polluted air. Our results confirmed that daily social fighting behaviors occurred more when air is polluted. Temperature has a nonlinear effect on monkey social conflict, with a fighting peak at 25–29 °C. To our knowledge, this is the first report that animal social conflict, like humans, is also affected by air pollution and temperature.

ACS Style

Aichun Xu; Chunhong Liu; Yue Wan; Yali Bai; Zhongqiu Li. Monkeys fight more in polluted air. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Aichun Xu, Chunhong Liu, Yue Wan, Yali Bai, Zhongqiu Li. Monkeys fight more in polluted air. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aichun Xu; Chunhong Liu; Yue Wan; Yali Bai; Zhongqiu Li. 2021. "Monkeys fight more in polluted air." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2021 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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The survival and distribution of animals cannot be separated from a certain environment. How patterns in mammalian species depend on the environment remain unclear. This study incorporating spatial data on climate, precipitation, topography, and vegetation quantitatively analyzed the influence of specific geographical factors on the spatial distribution of terrestrial mammalian richness using the Geodetector model. We used the spatial analysis method of geographical information systems (GIS), separating the mammalian distribution of 621 species into 10 by 10 km grids to measure spatial richness. Our results showed that there were significant spatial differences in terrestrial mammalian richness in China. There was a low richness in the east and west, but high richness in the south. Individual factor detection results showed that annual precipitation (AP) and the minimum temperature of the coldest month (MTCM) were the dominant factors affecting the spatial pattern of mammal richness in China. Patterns in the distribution of species richness had distinct characteristics for different mammalian orders and were influenced by different environmental factors. The richness distribution of most orders was mainly affected by MTCM and AP. Interactive detection results showed that interacting factors in pairs play much bigger roles in the spatial distribution of species richness than individual factors. The synergistic effect of elevation with AP and MTCM best explained the distribution differences of species richness. We found that the Geodetector model is a valuable tool, hoping to be more widely used in biogeography.

ACS Style

Yao Chi; Tianlu Qian; Caiying Sheng; Changbai Xi; Jiechen Wang. Analysis of Differences in the Spatial Distribution among Terrestrial Mammals Using Geodetector—A Case Study of China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2021, 10, 21 .

AMA Style

Yao Chi, Tianlu Qian, Caiying Sheng, Changbai Xi, Jiechen Wang. Analysis of Differences in the Spatial Distribution among Terrestrial Mammals Using Geodetector—A Case Study of China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10 (1):21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yao Chi; Tianlu Qian; Caiying Sheng; Changbai Xi; Jiechen Wang. 2021. "Analysis of Differences in the Spatial Distribution among Terrestrial Mammals Using Geodetector—A Case Study of China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 1: 21.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Biological Conservation
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Throughout much of the world, growing populations of free-ranging domestic cats pose an increasingly serious threat to biodiversity. However, no study has estimated the magnitude of wildlife mortality caused by cats in China, one of the largest and most biodiverse nations on earth. We used a novel, survey questionnaire-based approach to estimate annual predation on wildlife by cats in China; we separately considered predation rates in urban and rural areas and by both owned free-ranging cats and unowned cats (e.g., feral and semi-feral cats including those associated with feeding and trap-neuter-return (TNR) activities). Using statistical simulations based on 2187 questionnaire responses that included direct observations of prey returns to owners and predation events by unowned cats, we estimate that the minimum annual amount of predation by all free-ranging cats in China is: 1.61-4.95 billion invertebrates, 1.61 -3.58 billion fishes, 1.13-3.82 billion amphibians, 1.48-4.31 billion reptiles, 2.69-5.52 billion birds, and 3.61-9.80 billion mammals. Thus, we show that free-ranging cats cause a tremendous death toll that may be profoundly impacting China’s wildlife populations and biodiversity. Our results indicate that there is an urgent need for increased research into the impacts of cats on wildlife in China, and for management and policy that reduces numbers of free-ranging cats and thus mitigates their harmful effects on China’s wildlife.

ACS Style

Yuhang Li; Yue Wan; Hua Shen; Scott R. Loss; Peter P. Marra; Zhongqiu Li. Estimates of wildlife killed by free-ranging cats in China. Biological Conservation 2020, 253, 108929 .

AMA Style

Yuhang Li, Yue Wan, Hua Shen, Scott R. Loss, Peter P. Marra, Zhongqiu Li. Estimates of wildlife killed by free-ranging cats in China. Biological Conservation. 2020; 253 ():108929.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuhang Li; Yue Wan; Hua Shen; Scott R. Loss; Peter P. Marra; Zhongqiu Li. 2020. "Estimates of wildlife killed by free-ranging cats in China." Biological Conservation 253, no. : 108929.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2020 in Animals
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Environmental conditions strongly affect experimental animals. As a model organism, zebrafish has become important in life science studies. However, the potential effect of living environment on their behavior and physiology is often overlooked. This work aimed to determine whether tank size affects zebrafish behavior and physiology. Tests on shelter leaving, shelter seeking, shoaling, stamina, and pepsin and cortisol levels were conducted. Results showed that zebrafish behavior is easily affected by changes on the tank size. Fish that lived in small tanks behaved less boldly, had poor stamina, and spent much time on movement. Sex differences in behavior were only evident in the shelter seeking tests. Tank size had no effect on pepsin and cortisol, but cortisol concentrations in males were lower than those in females. This study suggests that zebrafish behavior is easily influenced by their living environment, and future related studies should consider their living space.

ACS Style

Abudusaimaiti · Maierdiyali; Lin Wang; Yunchao Luo; Zhongqiu Li. Effect of Tank Size on Zebrafish Behavior and Physiology. Animals 2020, 10, 2353 .

AMA Style

Abudusaimaiti · Maierdiyali, Lin Wang, Yunchao Luo, Zhongqiu Li. Effect of Tank Size on Zebrafish Behavior and Physiology. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abudusaimaiti · Maierdiyali; Lin Wang; Yunchao Luo; Zhongqiu Li. 2020. "Effect of Tank Size on Zebrafish Behavior and Physiology." Animals 10, no. 12: 2353.

Article
Published: 14 July 2020 in Chinese Geographical Science
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This study attempts to evaluate the rationality of the spatial layout of shopping malls and identify the urban area with poor shopping mall accessibility, as well as to provide a reference and assist decision-making for planning. Using the case of Nanjing, China, this study developed a method to evaluate the accessibility of shopping malls by three transport modes (car traffic, public transit, and bicycle). Specially, we divide the urban space into a regular hexagonal grid and harvest the total travel time from each of 7204 hexagon centroids to each of 129 shopping malls using the Baidu Internet map. The door-to-door travel time approach is used to evaluate all travel stages (walking, waiting, transfer, and transportation) based on travel time calculations. We further divide the shopping malls into two levels (super-regional and regional) based on the Dianping App’s information and develop the indicator of accessibility to shopping malls: the number of shopping malls within tolerance time thresholds and apply the closest facility and cumulative opportunities methods to measure accessibility scores. The results show that the accessibility estimations vary greatly with transport modes. The accessibility of shopping malls presents a concentric ring trend centered on the city center under the car traffic and bicycle modes. And public transit accessibility tends to axially extend due to the topology of bus routes and metro lines. In particular, we observe that the accessibility of shopping malls in Nanjing has an uneven spatial distribution pattern, with high accessibility values in the central urban areas and lots of underserved areas in urban fringe regions. Based on the accessibility measurements, we finally map the poor accessibility area and propose corresponding implications for urban planning.

ACS Style

Ang Li; Jie Chen; Tianlu Qian; Wenhan Zhang; Jiechen Wang. Spatial Accessibility to Shopping Malls in Nanjing, China: Comparative Analysis with Multiple Transportation Modes. Chinese Geographical Science 2020, 30, 710 -724.

AMA Style

Ang Li, Jie Chen, Tianlu Qian, Wenhan Zhang, Jiechen Wang. Spatial Accessibility to Shopping Malls in Nanjing, China: Comparative Analysis with Multiple Transportation Modes. Chinese Geographical Science. 2020; 30 (4):710-724.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ang Li; Jie Chen; Tianlu Qian; Wenhan Zhang; Jiechen Wang. 2020. "Spatial Accessibility to Shopping Malls in Nanjing, China: Comparative Analysis with Multiple Transportation Modes." Chinese Geographical Science 30, no. 4: 710-724.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2020 in Biological Conservation
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The growing population of outdoor free-ranging cats poses increasing threats to biodiversity. While those threats are now well recognized, how human-cat interactions contribute to shape population dynamics have been overlooked. In this study, we explore major variables associated with the distribution of free-ranging cat density in 30 universities in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. We specifically focus on possible even greater care devoted by women to the free-ranging cats. We found that, as expected, the density of feeding stations is positively associated to the density of free-ranging cats. More interestingly, the density of male students versus female students seemed to be non-randomly associated with the distribution of cats among universities. An online questionnaire confirmed that women were more concerned about the living conditions of free-ranging cats than men in China. Finally, a socialization test focusing on 27 free-ranging cats conducted by female and male observers suggests that cats may have the ability to adopt a friendlier behavior with female students. Our result suggests that human-cat relationships can be understood using multiple angles, including population dynamics, behavioral ecology and conservation psychology. Such a better understanding of human-cat interactions is necessary to develop relevant population management in urban context.

ACS Style

Yuhang Li; Yue Wan; Yigui Zhang; Zhaomei Gong; Zhongqiu Li. Understanding how free-ranging cats interact with humans: A case study in China with management implications. Biological Conservation 2020, 249, 108690 .

AMA Style

Yuhang Li, Yue Wan, Yigui Zhang, Zhaomei Gong, Zhongqiu Li. Understanding how free-ranging cats interact with humans: A case study in China with management implications. Biological Conservation. 2020; 249 ():108690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuhang Li; Yue Wan; Yigui Zhang; Zhaomei Gong; Zhongqiu Li. 2020. "Understanding how free-ranging cats interact with humans: A case study in China with management implications." Biological Conservation 249, no. : 108690.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2020 in Sustainability
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The rapid pace of development in western China has brought about inevitable concerns for environmental conditions and their management. The Sanjiangyuan National Park strives to address concerns for sustainable water resources management and biodiversity management, especially for the protection of endangered flora and fauna. In this study, a machine learning model (MaxEnt) was used to predict the human activity intensity and its effects on species in Sanjiangyuan protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The model used human settlements as input and datasets such as terrain factors, climate, and artificial structures as environmental factors. The results showed that human activity intensity was significantly different between the East and the West. The area with the highest human activity intensity was Yushu County in the south area, and Xinghai-Zeku County in the east. By comparing the mammal richness with human activity intensity, we found human–wildlife coexistence in Sanjiangyuan. A detailed analysis on the CITES protected species showed that many important species, such as snow leopards, red pandas, and small Indian civets, occupied areas with high human activity intensity. The national park protects 3/4 CITES species with 1/3 in the area of the Sanjiangyuan region, owing to the relatively low human activity intensity.

ACS Style

Changbai Xi; Yao Chi; Tianlu Qian; Wenhan Zhang; Jiechen Wang. Simulation of Human Activity Intensity and Its Influence on Mammal Diversity in Sanjiangyuan National Park, China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4601 .

AMA Style

Changbai Xi, Yao Chi, Tianlu Qian, Wenhan Zhang, Jiechen Wang. Simulation of Human Activity Intensity and Its Influence on Mammal Diversity in Sanjiangyuan National Park, China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4601.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Changbai Xi; Yao Chi; Tianlu Qian; Wenhan Zhang; Jiechen Wang. 2020. "Simulation of Human Activity Intensity and Its Influence on Mammal Diversity in Sanjiangyuan National Park, China." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4601.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2020 in Behavioural Processes
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Mirror self-recognition (MSR) is considered a crucial step in the emergence of self-cognition. The MSR paradigm has become a standard method for evaluating self-cognition in several species. For example, Eurasian magpies and Indian house crows have passed the mark test for self-cognition, whereas efforts to find MSR in other corvid species have failed. However, no literature has conducted MSR tests on azure-winged magpies, a species of corvids. Therefore, the current research aimed to investigate the MSR behaviours of azure-winged magpies upon looking into a mirror for the first time. The study included four tests: (1) mirror preference and standardised mirror exploration, (2) single vertical mirror test, (3) mark test and (4) mirror-triggered search test. The azure-winged magpies displayed immense curiosity towards the mirror and their images in the mirror in Test 1&2. In the subsequent mark tests, they failed to recognise themselves in the mirror and regarded their images as conspecifics. Behaviour analysis showed no significant difference between marked and unmarked behaviours. Finally they seemed to infer the presence of bait from the image in the mirror, but were found to fail to understand that the location of the bait in the mirror was the same as that in the real world. For a better insight into the MSR behaviour of azure-winged magpies, research studies involving prolonged mirror exposure and training are recommended.

ACS Style

Lin Wang; Yunchao Luo; Han Wang; Yibiao Zou; Hanqi Yao; Sana Ullah; Zhongqiu Li. Azure-winged magpies fail to understand the principle of mirror imaging. Behavioural Processes 2020, 177, 104155 .

AMA Style

Lin Wang, Yunchao Luo, Han Wang, Yibiao Zou, Hanqi Yao, Sana Ullah, Zhongqiu Li. Azure-winged magpies fail to understand the principle of mirror imaging. Behavioural Processes. 2020; 177 ():104155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Wang; Yunchao Luo; Han Wang; Yibiao Zou; Hanqi Yao; Sana Ullah; Zhongqiu Li. 2020. "Azure-winged magpies fail to understand the principle of mirror imaging." Behavioural Processes 177, no. : 104155.

Research paper
Published: 14 May 2020 in Ethology
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Vigilance is important for anti‐predation, and different animals adopt different vigilance strategies. Instantaneous and sequential randomness in vigilance behavior are two main principles for the classic Pulliam model (1973). Given this context, we studied the vigilance behaviors in two wild cloven‐hoofed animals, the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) and the Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) on Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, to explore if the two randomness principles work across species. The results showed that the distribution of inter‐scan intervals of both Tibetan antelope and Tibetan gazelle followed the negative exponential distribution; inter‐scans of both Tibetan antelope and Tibetan gazelle were unrelated with their previous scan, and most sequences of inter‐scan intervals could be considered as random organized or unpredictable. In conclusion, the vigilance patterns of Tibetan antelope and Tibetan gazelle followed instantaneous randomness and sequential randomness of Pulliam model. A random vigilance strategy might be the best choice for Tibetan ungulates, and how to distinguish the social vigilance from anti‐predator vigilance is an important issue for future research.

ACS Style

Yunchao Luo; Lin Wang; Le Yang; Xinxin Wang; Xingjun Tian; Zhongqiu Li. Unpredictability of vigilance in two sympatric Tibetan ungulates. Ethology 2020, 126, 883 -889.

AMA Style

Yunchao Luo, Lin Wang, Le Yang, Xinxin Wang, Xingjun Tian, Zhongqiu Li. Unpredictability of vigilance in two sympatric Tibetan ungulates. Ethology. 2020; 126 (9):883-889.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yunchao Luo; Lin Wang; Le Yang; Xinxin Wang; Xingjun Tian; Zhongqiu Li. 2020. "Unpredictability of vigilance in two sympatric Tibetan ungulates." Ethology 126, no. 9: 883-889.

Article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Acta Oceanologica Sinica
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Sea-water-level (SWL) prediction significantly impacts human lives and maritime activities in coastal regions, particularly at offshore locations with shallow water levels. Long-term SWL forecasts, which are conventionally obtained via harmonic analysis, become ineffective when nonperiodic meteorological events predominate. Artificial intelligence combined with other data-processing methods can effectively forecast highly nonlinear and nonstationary inflow patterns by recognizing historical relationships between input and output. These techniques are considerably useful in time-series data predictions. This paper reports the development of a hybrid model to realize accurate multihour SWL forecasting by combining an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with wavelet decomposition while using sea-level anomaly (SLA) and wind-shear-velocity components as inputs. Numerous wavelet-ANFIS (WANFIS) models have been tested using different inputs to assess their applicability as alternatives to the artificial neural network (ANN), wavelet ANN (WANN), and ANFIS models. Different error definitions have been used to evaluate results, which indicate that integrated wavelet-decomposition and ANFIS models improve the accuracy of SWL prediction and that the inputs of SLA and wind-shear velocity exhibit superior prediction capability compared to conventional SWL-only models.

ACS Style

Bao Wang; Bin Wang; Wenzhou Wu; Changbai Xi; Jiechen Wang. Sea-water-level prediction via combined wavelet decomposition, neuro-fuzzy and neural networks using SLA and wind information. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020, 39, 157 -167.

AMA Style

Bao Wang, Bin Wang, Wenzhou Wu, Changbai Xi, Jiechen Wang. Sea-water-level prediction via combined wavelet decomposition, neuro-fuzzy and neural networks using SLA and wind information. Acta Oceanologica Sinica. 2020; 39 (5):157-167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bao Wang; Bin Wang; Wenzhou Wu; Changbai Xi; Jiechen Wang. 2020. "Sea-water-level prediction via combined wavelet decomposition, neuro-fuzzy and neural networks using SLA and wind information." Acta Oceanologica Sinica 39, no. 5: 157-167.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2020 in Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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Use of solid fuel for cooking is one of the major sources of household indoor air pollution, especially in developing countries. Around 3 billion people still cook and heat their homes using open fires and leaky stoves, burning biomass fuel, i.e., wood, crop residues, animal dung, wood charcoal and coal as their primary source of domestic energy. The present study was conducted to assess the perceived level of health risks in rural households associated with indoor air pollution caused by cooking (cleaner and solid) fuels. For this purpose, the data was collected from 700 rural households from 5 districts of Sindh Province, Pakistan. Using the Probit regression model, factors such as household attributes, cooking activities, behavioral health effects, physical health effects, and regional factors were controlled. The results indicate that solid fuels revealed a positive effect on the factors used in the models. In addition, the pseudo-R2 values indicate the goodness of fit of the models, which varied from 0.16 to 0.38. Which depicts a good fit of our models in explaining the perceived risk of physical and behavioral effects by polluting indoor air through solid fuels used by households. Furthermore, there is a need for strong policy-making and public awareness programs to mitigate the exposure and associated health risks of indoor air pollution. Therefore, public and private organizations and academia working on environmental health should develop an action plan for reducing indoor air pollution for the future.

ACS Style

Sohail Ahmed Rajper; Adnan Nazir; Sana Ullah; Zhongqiu Li. Perceived Health Risks of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution from Cooking Fuels in Sindh, Pakistan. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2020, 29, 2833 -2844.

AMA Style

Sohail Ahmed Rajper, Adnan Nazir, Sana Ullah, Zhongqiu Li. Perceived Health Risks of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution from Cooking Fuels in Sindh, Pakistan. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2020; 29 (4):2833-2844.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohail Ahmed Rajper; Adnan Nazir; Sana Ullah; Zhongqiu Li. 2020. "Perceived Health Risks of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution from Cooking Fuels in Sindh, Pakistan." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 29, no. 4: 2833-2844.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Spatial accessibility to general hospitals is an important indicator of the convenience and ability of residents to obtain medical services. Therefore, developing a model for measuring accessibility to general hospitals by multiple transportation modes is necessary. In this study, considering that the increase in travel time will reduce the attractiveness of general hospitals, we used the Two-Step Floating Catchment Area with the Gaussian attenuation function, in which the supply was presented by capacity of hospitals (i.e., number of beds), and the demand was presented by population in each grid derived with social media data mapping real-time locations of active users. The Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (Ga2SFCA) simulates the attenuation tendency of the general hospital service capabilities over transit time. To obtain a highly precise understanding of accessibility to hospitals, transit time on Baidu Maps’ navigation service was used as the impedance condition, and the study area was divided into 1 square kilometer grids as the basic unit of research. Taking Nanjing city as a case study, it is found that the accessibility distribution shape changes from a multi-centered circular pattern to a multi-peak distribution, as the time threshold increases. By comparing the accessibility among 11 districts varying from main urban area to suburbs, the accessibility to general hospitals in Nanjing is significantly regionally unbalanced in both travel modes. By calculating and mapping the Modal Accessibility Gap (MAG) of the two travel modes, different modes of transportation resulted in different general hospital accessibility distributions. Generally, private car is superior in access to general hospitals to public transit in most areas. In the central area, public traffic may not contribute to the access to medical services as much as we thought, rather it plays a role in areas far from hospitals along metro lines and bus routes.

ACS Style

Tianlu Qian; Jie Chen; Ang Li; Li Ang; Dingtao Shen. Evaluating Spatial Accessibility to General Hospitals with Navigation and Social Media Location Data: A Case Study in Nanjing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2752 .

AMA Style

Tianlu Qian, Jie Chen, Ang Li, Li Ang, Dingtao Shen. Evaluating Spatial Accessibility to General Hospitals with Navigation and Social Media Location Data: A Case Study in Nanjing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (8):2752.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tianlu Qian; Jie Chen; Ang Li; Li Ang; Dingtao Shen. 2020. "Evaluating Spatial Accessibility to General Hospitals with Navigation and Social Media Location Data: A Case Study in Nanjing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2752.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2020 in Sustainability
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Through history, the habitats of wild mammals have changed greatly in China. Habitat changes may reflect changes in the environment and human–wildlife conflicts. This study focused on how the habitat changed for six taxa of rare wild mammals (one family, one genus, and four species) in mainland China. Their historical and current habitats were estimated according to their historical and current presence occurrences and three sets of environmental data (climate data, topography data, and human activity data), using the Maximum Entropy Model. Then, spatial statistical methods were used to analyze the changes in their habitats, and how human activities have influenced changes in their habitat. The results suggest that the habitats of all six taxa of mammals have shrunk considerably, compared to their historical ranges. With regards to current or past habitats, on average, 68.3% of habitats have been lost. The Asian elephant, which is facing the most serious habitat losses, has lost 93.1% of its habitat. By investigating the relationship between the changes in habitats and the anthropogenic impacts for each taxa, human activities have an obvious negative influence on mammal habitats. The sensitivity of habitats to human activities varies among different mammals: the tiger, Asian elephant, Bactrian camel, and snub-nosed monkey are more sensitive to human activities than musk deer and Chinese water deer.

ACS Style

Tianlu Qian; Yao Chi; Changbai Xi; Zhongqiu Li; Jiechen Wang. Changes in the Historical and Current Habitat Ranges of Rare Wild Mammals in China: A Case Study of Six Taxa of Small- to Large-Sized Mammals. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2744 .

AMA Style

Tianlu Qian, Yao Chi, Changbai Xi, Zhongqiu Li, Jiechen Wang. Changes in the Historical and Current Habitat Ranges of Rare Wild Mammals in China: A Case Study of Six Taxa of Small- to Large-Sized Mammals. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tianlu Qian; Yao Chi; Changbai Xi; Zhongqiu Li; Jiechen Wang. 2020. "Changes in the Historical and Current Habitat Ranges of Rare Wild Mammals in China: A Case Study of Six Taxa of Small- to Large-Sized Mammals." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2744.

Journal article
Published: 28 March 2020 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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Assessments of urban flood hazards are crucial for planning and early warning flood system design. Moreover, hazard risk assessment is useful for emergency planning and insurance. There are two common methods for conducting flood hazard risk assessments (FHRA): those based on physical models and those based on parameters. Although physical models are able to simulate flood propagation processes accurately, they also have obvious shortcomings. Parameter-based FHRAs are more comprehensive because they emphasize the analysis of hazard factors. However, this approach also has various flaws, including its qualitative, macro-scale and high subjective nature. In this study, the strengths of both methods were combined to develop a new micro-scale FHRA. Taking the FHRA of the flood storage and detention area of Dongting Lake as an example, this study used high-precision digital elevation model (DEM) data generated from an airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud to construct a two-dimensional (2-D) flood propagation model. Micro-scale FHRAs were then performed using eight selected FHR indicators based on catastrophe theory. By automatically calculating the FHR value of each assessment unit based on hierarchical recursion, the catastrophe theory and catastrophe progression method effectively avoided uncertainty in weight assignment, which is an issue commonly faced by parameter-based methods. The FHRA results obtained under 144 different sequences of assessment indicators also show that the proposed method has a low sensitivity to the ranking of FHR indicators, as well as a high fault tolerance for different assessment results arising from subjective rankings by humans.

ACS Style

Dingtao Shen; Tianlu Qian; Yu Xia; Yu Zhang; Jiechen Wang. Micro-scale Flood Hazard Assessment Based on Catastrophe Theory and an Integrated 2-D Hydraulic Model: A Case Study of Gongshuangcha Detention Basin in Dongting Lake Area, China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 206 .

AMA Style

Dingtao Shen, Tianlu Qian, Yu Xia, Yu Zhang, Jiechen Wang. Micro-scale Flood Hazard Assessment Based on Catastrophe Theory and an Integrated 2-D Hydraulic Model: A Case Study of Gongshuangcha Detention Basin in Dongting Lake Area, China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (4):206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dingtao Shen; Tianlu Qian; Yu Xia; Yu Zhang; Jiechen Wang. 2020. "Micro-scale Flood Hazard Assessment Based on Catastrophe Theory and an Integrated 2-D Hydraulic Model: A Case Study of Gongshuangcha Detention Basin in Dongting Lake Area, China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4: 206.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2020 in Diversity
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We describe large-scale patterns of terrestrial mammal distribution in China by using geographical information system (GIS) spatial analysis. Mammal taxa, examined by species, family, and order, were binned into 10 km × 10 km grids to explore the relationship between their spatial distribution and geographical factors potentially affecting the same. The spatial pattern of species richness revealed four agglomerations: high richness in the south, low in north, and two low richness areas in eastern and western China. Species richness patterns in Carnivora was the most similar to overall terrestrial mammals’ richness; however, species richness in different orders exhibited distributions distinct from the overall pattern. We found a negative relationship between richness and latitude gradient. Species richness was most strongly correlated with forested ecosystems, and was found to be higher at an elevation of 2000~2200 m, with greater altitudinal variation indicative of higher species richness.

ACS Style

Yao Chi; Jiechen Wang; Changbai Xi; Tianlu Qian; Caiying Sheng. Spatial Pattern of Species Richness among Terrestrial Mammals in China. Diversity 2020, 12, 96 .

AMA Style

Yao Chi, Jiechen Wang, Changbai Xi, Tianlu Qian, Caiying Sheng. Spatial Pattern of Species Richness among Terrestrial Mammals in China. Diversity. 2020; 12 (3):96.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yao Chi; Jiechen Wang; Changbai Xi; Tianlu Qian; Caiying Sheng. 2020. "Spatial Pattern of Species Richness among Terrestrial Mammals in China." Diversity 12, no. 3: 96.