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Prof. Shah Fahad
Huazhong Agricultural University

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0 Plant Physiology
0 Agriculture Agronomy
0 Green house emissions gasses
0 climate change
0 Abiotic stress of plant

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Research article
Published: 28 August 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Worldwide, nitrogen (N) deficiency is the main yield limiting factor owing to its losses via leaching and volatilization. Urease inhibitors slow down urea hydrolysis in soil by inhibiting urease enzyme activities whereas gibberellic acid is growth regulator. That is why, we evaluated the role of urease inhibitor [N-(n-butyl)thiophosphorictriamide (NBPT)] and gibberellic acid (GA3) in improving nitrogen uptake and yield of maize under different N levels (120 and 150 kg ha−1) along with control. Both N levels alone and in combination with GA3 and NBPT significantly increased yield and yield components of maize over control. In addition, 150 kg N ha−1 + NBPT + GA3 produced highest biological, grain, and stover yields, 1000 grain weight, plant height, and N uptake exhibiting 33.15%, 56.46%, 27.56%, 19.56%, 23.24%, and 78% increase over 150 kg N ha−1, respectively. The sole use of gibberellic acid or NBPT with each level of N also improved the yield and yield components of maize compared to sole N application and control. Furthermore, application of 120 kg N ha−1 along with NBPT and GA3 performed at par to 150 kg N ha−1 + NBPT + GA3 but it was superior than sole applied 150 kg N ha−1 for all the studied traits. These results imply that application of GA3 and/or NBPT can reduce dependence on urea and improve the yield and N uptake in maize by slowing urea hydrolysis in calcareous soils and shall be practiced.

ACS Style

Ikram Ullah; Khadim Dawar; Muhammad Tariq; Muhammad Sharif; Shah Fahad; Muhammad Adnan; Haroon Ilahi; Taufiq Nawaz; Mukhtar Alam; Aman Ullah. Gibberellic acid and urease inhibitor optimize nitrogen uptake and yield of maize at varying nitrogen levels under changing climate. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Ikram Ullah, Khadim Dawar, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Sharif, Shah Fahad, Muhammad Adnan, Haroon Ilahi, Taufiq Nawaz, Mukhtar Alam, Aman Ullah. Gibberellic acid and urease inhibitor optimize nitrogen uptake and yield of maize at varying nitrogen levels under changing climate. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ikram Ullah; Khadim Dawar; Muhammad Tariq; Muhammad Sharif; Shah Fahad; Muhammad Adnan; Haroon Ilahi; Taufiq Nawaz; Mukhtar Alam; Aman Ullah. 2021. "Gibberellic acid and urease inhibitor optimize nitrogen uptake and yield of maize at varying nitrogen levels under changing climate." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is an important component of the human diet due to its high mineral and protein contents. Abiotic stresses, i.e., drought, decreases plant growth and yield. Drought causes the synthesis of reactive oxygen species, which decrease a plant’s starch contents and growth. However, ACC-deaminase (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase) producing rhizobacteria can alleviate drought stress by decreasing ethylene levels. On the other hand, caffeic acid (CA) can also positively affect cell expansion and turgor pressure maintenance under drought stress. Therefore, the current study was planned with an aim to assess the effect of CA (0, 20, 50 and 100 ppm) and ACC-deaminase rhizobacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiform, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) on lentils under drought stress. The combined application of CA and ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacteria significantly improved plant height (55%), number of pods per plant (51%), 1000-grain weight (45%), nitrogen concentration (56%), phosphorus concentration (19%), potassium concentration (21%), chlorophyll (54%), relative water contents RWC (60%) and protein contents (55%). A significant decrease in electrolyte leakage (30%), proline contents (44%), and hydrogen peroxide contents (54%), along with an improvement in cell membrane stability (34% over control) validated the combined use of CA and rhizobacteria. In conclusion, co-application of CA (20 ppm) and ACC-deaminase producing rhizobacteria can significantly improve plant growth and yield for farmers under drought stress. More investigations are suggested at the field level to select the best rhizobacteria and CA level for lentils under drought.

ACS Style

Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye; Muhammad Naeem Akbar; Yasir Iftikhar; Mazhar Abbas; Atiqa Zahid; Shah Fahad; Rahul Datta; Muqarrab Ali; Abdallah M. Elgorban; Mohammad Javed Ansari; Subhan Danish. Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Caffeic Acid Alleviated Drought Stress in Lentil Plants. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9603 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye, Muhammad Naeem Akbar, Yasir Iftikhar, Mazhar Abbas, Atiqa Zahid, Shah Fahad, Rahul Datta, Muqarrab Ali, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Subhan Danish. Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Caffeic Acid Alleviated Drought Stress in Lentil Plants. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9603.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye; Muhammad Naeem Akbar; Yasir Iftikhar; Mazhar Abbas; Atiqa Zahid; Shah Fahad; Rahul Datta; Muqarrab Ali; Abdallah M. Elgorban; Mohammad Javed Ansari; Subhan Danish. 2021. "Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Caffeic Acid Alleviated Drought Stress in Lentil Plants." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9603.

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2021 in Sustainability
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An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different mineral fertilizers on mineral contents in turmeric rhizomes and soil enzyme activities and soil properties under field conditions in Uzbekistan. The present study is the first report on the impact of mineral fertilizers in turmeric rhizomes and soil enzymes and soil properties in Uzbekistan. The experiment was carried out with four treatments: T1—Control, T2—N75P50K50 kg/ha, T3—N125P100K100 kg/ha, and T4—N100P75K75 + B3Zn6Fe6 kg/ha. Turmeric rhizomes and soil samples were collected from field experiments at the Surkhandarya scientific experimental station of the vegetable, melon crops and potato research institute, Surkhandarya, Uzbekistan. The data showed that T3—the NPK (125:100:100 kg/ha) and T4—the NPK + BZnFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha) treatments significantly enhanced K content by 27–21%, Ca content by 43–38%, and P content by 54–17% in turmeric rhizomes as compared to control without fertilizer. A maximum of turmeric rhizome microelements content was recorded with T4, which also resulted in improved Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Mo contents in turmeric rhizomes and mineral contents of soil compared to other treatments. This treatment significantly enhanced active P content by 34%, active K content by 25%, total P content by 62%, total K content by 14%, and the activities of soil urease, invertase, catalase, and phosphatase over those in the control. The present study results suggest that the application of NPK + BZnFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha) improves macro and micronutrient contents in turmeric rhizomes and activities of soil enzymes and physicochemical properties of soil.

ACS Style

Dilfuza Jabborova; Khurshid Sulaymanov; R. Z. Sayyed; Saad H. Alotaibi; Yuriy Enakiev; Abdulahat Azimov; Zafarjon Jabbarov; Mohammad Javed Ansari; Shah Fahad; Subhan Danish; Rahul Datta. Mineral Fertilizers Improves the Quality of Turmeric and Soil. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9437 .

AMA Style

Dilfuza Jabborova, Khurshid Sulaymanov, R. Z. Sayyed, Saad H. Alotaibi, Yuriy Enakiev, Abdulahat Azimov, Zafarjon Jabbarov, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Shah Fahad, Subhan Danish, Rahul Datta. Mineral Fertilizers Improves the Quality of Turmeric and Soil. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9437.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dilfuza Jabborova; Khurshid Sulaymanov; R. Z. Sayyed; Saad H. Alotaibi; Yuriy Enakiev; Abdulahat Azimov; Zafarjon Jabbarov; Mohammad Javed Ansari; Shah Fahad; Subhan Danish; Rahul Datta. 2021. "Mineral Fertilizers Improves the Quality of Turmeric and Soil." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9437.

Research article
Published: 31 July 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Arsenic (As) is known for its carcinogenic and hepatorenal toxic effects causing serious health problems in human beings. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extracted curcumin (Cur) is a polyphenolic antioxidant which has ability to combat hazardous environmental toxicants. This study (28 days) was carried out to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of different doses of Cur (Cur: 80, 160, 240 mg kg−1) against the oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of male rats caused by sodium arsenate (Na3AsO4) (10 mg L−1). As exposure significantly elevated the values of organ index, markers of hepatic injury (i.e., alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and renal functions (i.e., total bilirubin, urea and creatinine, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA)). Moreover, different antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the liver and kidney tissues were reduced after As-induced toxicity. However, Na3AsO4 induced histopathological changes in various organs were minimized after the treatment with Cur. The alleviation effect of Cur was dosage dependent with an order of 240>160>80 mg kg−1. The oral administration of Cur prominently alleviated the As-induced toxicity in liver and kidney tissues by reducing lipid peroxidation, ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). In addition, Cur being an antioxidant improved defense system by enhancing activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR. Overall, the findings explain the capability of Cur to counteract the oxidative alterations as well as hepatorenal injuries due to As intoxication.

ACS Style

Anam Ishaq; Huma Gulzar; Ali Hassan; Muhammad Kamran; Muhammad Riaz; Aasma Parveen; Muhammad Sohaib Chattha; Noman Walayat; Sana Fatima; Sobia Afzal; Shah Fahad. Ameliorative mechanisms of turmeric-extracted curcumin on arsenic (As)-induced biochemical alterations, oxidative damage, and impaired organ functions in rats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Anam Ishaq, Huma Gulzar, Ali Hassan, Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Riaz, Aasma Parveen, Muhammad Sohaib Chattha, Noman Walayat, Sana Fatima, Sobia Afzal, Shah Fahad. Ameliorative mechanisms of turmeric-extracted curcumin on arsenic (As)-induced biochemical alterations, oxidative damage, and impaired organ functions in rats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anam Ishaq; Huma Gulzar; Ali Hassan; Muhammad Kamran; Muhammad Riaz; Aasma Parveen; Muhammad Sohaib Chattha; Noman Walayat; Sana Fatima; Sobia Afzal; Shah Fahad. 2021. "Ameliorative mechanisms of turmeric-extracted curcumin on arsenic (As)-induced biochemical alterations, oxidative damage, and impaired organ functions in rats." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-14.

Article
Published: 26 July 2021 in Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
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A field trial was performed to study the effect of zinc (Zn) and sulfur (S) on yield and uptake by wheat crop at research farm, the University of Agriculture (34° 1′ 2″ N, 71° 28′ 5″ E,) Peshawar, Pakistan during 2019–2020. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement and was replicated three times. Four Zn levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg Zn ha−1) and four S levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg S ha−1) were used. Wheat plant biomass, grain yield and straw yield were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by different levels of Zn and S. Plant biomass (8514 kg ha−1), grain yield (3887 kg ha−1) and straw yield (4531 kg ha−1) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater with combine application of Zn at 15 kg ha−1 and S at 60 kg ha−1. The interaction (Zn x S) was found significant for all the above-mentioned parameters including S and Zn content in plant and post-harvest soil. It can be concluded that application of Zn at 15 kg ha−1 and S at 60 kg ha−1 has the potential to enhance wheat yield and yield components in the prevailing soil and environmental condition.

ACS Style

Khadim Dawar; Nadeem Khan; Shah Fahad; Syed Sartaj Alam; Shadman Khan; Ishaq Ahmad Mian; Waqas Ali Akbar. Effect of Sulfur and Zinc Nutrition on Yield and Uptake by Wheat. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2021, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Khadim Dawar, Nadeem Khan, Shah Fahad, Syed Sartaj Alam, Shadman Khan, Ishaq Ahmad Mian, Waqas Ali Akbar. Effect of Sulfur and Zinc Nutrition on Yield and Uptake by Wheat. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2021; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khadim Dawar; Nadeem Khan; Shah Fahad; Syed Sartaj Alam; Shadman Khan; Ishaq Ahmad Mian; Waqas Ali Akbar. 2021. "Effect of Sulfur and Zinc Nutrition on Yield and Uptake by Wheat." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation , no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2021 in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
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Drought is one of the most emerging threat that causes a severe reduction in cotton plant growth and development. Being cotton is a major cash crop has great threat to prevailing drought events in Pakistan. . A field experiment was conducted in Kharif season 2018 at Research Area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan to assess the role of foliar applied kaolin and jasmonic acid on vegetative growth, gas exchange and reproductive traits of cotton under normal irrigated and artificial water deficit conditions. The experiment was laid -out in a factorial randomized complete block design with split - split plot arrangement. Main plots were allocated for irrigation levels, sub-plots for two -cotton genotypes viz. NIAB - 878 and SLH - 19 while sub -sub plots for treatments of kaolin and Jasmonic acid. Water deficit stress was created by skipping irrigation at flowering for 21 days. Foliar sprays of Kaoline (5%, w/v) and Jasmonic acid (100 μM) were applied alone or in combination at 60 days after planntinon both to normal irrigated and water-stresse skip irrigation while irrigation water alone was sprayed in control plots. Both cotton genotypes responded variably to normal irrigated and skip conditions. Skipping irrigation for up to 21 days at flowering caused a significant decrease in leaf relative water content, SPAD values, net photosynthetic rate and seed cotton yield in both the genotypes. Seed cotton yield showed an overall decline of 24.7% in skip over Normal irrigated crop. The genotype NIAB - 878 produced maximum seed cotton yield of 3.304 Mg ha - 1 in normal that dropped to 2.579Mg ha - 1 in skip, thus showing an average decline of 21.9 %. Similarly, SLH - 19 produced 2.537 Mg ha - 1 seed cotton under normal that dropped to 1.822 Mg ha - 1 in skip, showing an average decline of 28.2%. The Application of Kaolin and JA Jasmonic acid, either applied individually or in combination, improved vegetative and reproductive development of both cotton varieties in normal and skip regimes. However, combined kaolin and Jasmonic Acid application proved to be more beneficial in terms of seed cotton production and other parameters studied.

ACS Style

Muhammad Nazim; Muqarrab Ali; Khurram Shahzad; Fiaz Ahmad; Fahim Nawaz; Muhammad Amin; Shazia Anjum; Omaima Nasif; Sulaiman Ali Alharbi; Shah Fahad; Subhan Danish; Rahul Datta. Kaolin and Jasmonic acid improved cotton productivity under water stress conditions. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Nazim, Muqarrab Ali, Khurram Shahzad, Fiaz Ahmad, Fahim Nawaz, Muhammad Amin, Shazia Anjum, Omaima Nasif, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Shah Fahad, Subhan Danish, Rahul Datta. Kaolin and Jasmonic acid improved cotton productivity under water stress conditions. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Nazim; Muqarrab Ali; Khurram Shahzad; Fiaz Ahmad; Fahim Nawaz; Muhammad Amin; Shazia Anjum; Omaima Nasif; Sulaiman Ali Alharbi; Shah Fahad; Subhan Danish; Rahul Datta. 2021. "Kaolin and Jasmonic acid improved cotton productivity under water stress conditions." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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Electric vehicles (EVs) can substantially decrease atmospheric pollutant emissions, thereby improving air quality, decreasing global warming, and improving human health. In this study, we performed a comprehensive bibliometric analysis using Web of Science to understand the research developments and future perspectives in EVs between 1974 and 2021. The analysis of indicators such as research trends, publication growth, and keywords revealed that most research in the selected timeframe was focused on applying and optimizing the existing technologies of different types of EVs to decrease air pollution and mortality. The changes in air quality owing to such electrification received special attention, with approximately 441 publications preferably in the English language. Among all the retrieved documents, research articles were most common (n = 295; 66.89% of the global output), dominated by the research domains of environmental sciences, followed by energy fuels and transportation science technology. Journal analysis revealed that Sustainability (n = 19, 4.30%) was the leading journal, followed by Journal of Cleaner Production and Science of the Total Environment. The most frequently used keywords were “electric vehicles,” “air quality,” and “air pollution.” The most highly impactful article was published by Jacobson et al. (2005) in Science, with 620 total citations and 38.82 average annual citations. Furthermore, the United States (n = 118; 26.75% of the global output) had the highest publication rate, followed by China and the United Kingdom. The leading institutions were Tsinghua University (n = 16; 3.62% of the global research output) in China, followed by the University of Michigan and Cornell University in the United States. The current analysis warrants more focus on comprehensive analysis employing transport and chemistry modeling and using the latest technology for long life and sustainable batteries. This study provides a basis for future studies on improving air quality through innovative work in the electrification of vehicles.

ACS Style

Yansong Bao; Khalid Mehmood; Saifullah; Muhammad Yaseen; Saad Dahlawi; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Muhammad Ajmal Khan; Shah Saud; Khadim Dawar; Shah Fahad; Turki Kh. Faraj. Global research on the air quality status in response to the electrification of vehicles. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 795, 148861 .

AMA Style

Yansong Bao, Khalid Mehmood, Saifullah, Muhammad Yaseen, Saad Dahlawi, Muhammad Mohsin Abrar, Muhammad Ajmal Khan, Shah Saud, Khadim Dawar, Shah Fahad, Turki Kh. Faraj. Global research on the air quality status in response to the electrification of vehicles. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 795 ():148861.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yansong Bao; Khalid Mehmood; Saifullah; Muhammad Yaseen; Saad Dahlawi; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Muhammad Ajmal Khan; Shah Saud; Khadim Dawar; Shah Fahad; Turki Kh. Faraj. 2021. "Global research on the air quality status in response to the electrification of vehicles." Science of The Total Environment 795, no. : 148861.

Research article
Published: 02 July 2021 in Journal of Plant Nutrition
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Copper (Cu) contamination in soils is becoming a serious problem. Therefore, an experiment in plastic pots was carried out to investigate interactive influence of rice straw BC (BC0:0, BC1:5, and BC2:10% w/w) and nitrogen fertilizer (N0:0, N1:140, N2:280, and N3:420 kg ha−1) on plant growth, Cu mobility and phytoavailability to Boehmeria nivea in Cu polluted soil. Results revealed that BC × N fertilizer had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the growth of B. nivea in terms of biomass, height of plant, diameter of stem and number of leaves. Furthermore, BC × N fertilizer resulted in significant changes in pH, electrical conductivity and cation exchange capacity of soil after harvesting in comparison with control. However, the influence of BC × N fertilizer on soil extractable Cu and Cu uptake by plant varied with levels of N fertilizer. The BC2N1 treatment significantly increased the shoot biomass of B. nivea by 635% (fresh biomass) and 452% (dry biomass), but reduced Cu contents in roots, stems and leaves i.e., 52, 23 and 34 mg kg−1, respectively. Thereby, high dose of BC along with low N fertilizer could be considered as an efficient soil amendment combination for Cu stabilization and higher biomass production of B. nivea in highly Cu contaminated soil.

ACS Style

Muzammal Rehman; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Shah Fahad; Saqib Bashir; Dingxiang Peng; Gang Deng; Saud Alamri; Manzer H. Siddiqui; Shah Masaud Khan; Ruidar Ali Shah; Lijun Liu. Effects of rice straw biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) morpho-physiological traits, copper uptake and post-harvest soil characteristics, grown in an aged-copper contaminated soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Muzammal Rehman, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Shah Fahad, Saqib Bashir, Dingxiang Peng, Gang Deng, Saud Alamri, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Shah Masaud Khan, Ruidar Ali Shah, Lijun Liu. Effects of rice straw biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) morpho-physiological traits, copper uptake and post-harvest soil characteristics, grown in an aged-copper contaminated soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2021; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muzammal Rehman; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Shah Fahad; Saqib Bashir; Dingxiang Peng; Gang Deng; Saud Alamri; Manzer H. Siddiqui; Shah Masaud Khan; Ruidar Ali Shah; Lijun Liu. 2021. "Effects of rice straw biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) morpho-physiological traits, copper uptake and post-harvest soil characteristics, grown in an aged-copper contaminated soil." Journal of Plant Nutrition , no. : 1-14.

Cell biology
Published: 30 June 2021 in PLoS ONE
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy detects functional groups such as vibrational bands like N-H, O-H, C-H, C = O (ester, amine, ketone, aldehyde), C = C, C = N (vibrational modes of a tetrapyrrole ring) and simply C = N. The FTIR of these bands is fundamental to the investigation of the effect of biochar (BC) treatment on structural changes in the chlorophyll molecules of both plants that were tested. For this, dried leaf of Spinacia oleracia (spinach) and Trigonella corniculata (fenugreek) were selected for FTIR spectral study of chlorophyll associated functional groups. The study’s primary goal was to investigate the silent features of infrared (IR) spectra of dried leave samples. The data obtained from the current study also shows that leaf chlorophyll can mask or suppress other molecules’ FITR bands, including proteins. In addition, the C = O bands with Mg and the C9 ketonic group of chlorophyll are observed as peaks at1600 (0%BC), 1650 (3%BC) and 1640, or near to1700 (5%BC) in spinach samples. In fenugreek, additional effects are observed in the FTIR spectra of chlorophyll at the major groups of C = C, C = O and C9 of the ketonic groups, and the vibrational bands are more evident at C-H and N-H of the tetrapyrrole ring. It is concluded that C-N bands are more visible in 5% BC treated spinach and fenugreek than in all other treatments. These types of spectra are useful in detecting changes or visibility of functional groups, which are very helpful in supporting biochemical data such as an increase in protein can be detected by more visibility of C-N bands in FTIR spectra.

ACS Style

Uzma Younis; Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi; Subhan Danish; Muhammad Arif Ali; Niaz Ahmed; Rahul Datta; Shah Fahad; Jiri Holatko; Tereza Hammerschmiedt; Martin Brtnicky; Tayebeh Zarei; Alaa Baazeem; Ayman EL Sabagh; Bernard R. Glick. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy vibrational bands study of Spinacia oleracea and Trigonella corniculata under biochar amendment in naturally contaminated soil. PLoS ONE 2021, 16, e0253390 .

AMA Style

Uzma Younis, Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi, Subhan Danish, Muhammad Arif Ali, Niaz Ahmed, Rahul Datta, Shah Fahad, Jiri Holatko, Tereza Hammerschmiedt, Martin Brtnicky, Tayebeh Zarei, Alaa Baazeem, Ayman EL Sabagh, Bernard R. Glick. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy vibrational bands study of Spinacia oleracea and Trigonella corniculata under biochar amendment in naturally contaminated soil. PLoS ONE. 2021; 16 (6):e0253390.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Uzma Younis; Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi; Subhan Danish; Muhammad Arif Ali; Niaz Ahmed; Rahul Datta; Shah Fahad; Jiri Holatko; Tereza Hammerschmiedt; Martin Brtnicky; Tayebeh Zarei; Alaa Baazeem; Ayman EL Sabagh; Bernard R. Glick. 2021. "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy vibrational bands study of Spinacia oleracea and Trigonella corniculata under biochar amendment in naturally contaminated soil." PLoS ONE 16, no. 6: e0253390.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in BMC Plant Biology
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Background Organic mulches are widely used in crop production systems. Due to their benefits in improving soil fertility, retention of soil moisture and weed control. Field experiments were conducted during wheat growing seasons of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 to evaluate the effects of Jatropha leaves mulch on the growth of wheat varieties ‘Wadan-17’ (rainfed) and ‘Pirsabaq-2013’ (irrigated) under well irrigated and water stress conditions (non-irrigated maintaining 40% soil field capacity). Jatropha mulch was applied to the soil surface at 0, 1, 3 and 5 Mg ha−1 before sowing grains in the field. Under conditions of water stress, Jatropha mulch significantly maintained the soil moisture content necessary for normal plant growth. Results We noted a decrease in plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area, leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll, and carotenoid content due to water stress. However, water stress caused an increase in leaf and root phenolics content, leaf soluble sugars and electrolytes leakage. We observed that Jatropha mulch maintained LRWC, plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area and chlorophyll content under water stress. Moreover, water stress adverse effects on leaf soluble sugar content and electrolyte leakage were reversed to normal by Jatropha mulch. Conclusion Therefore, it may be concluded that Jatropha leaves mulch will minimize water stress adverse effects on wheat by maintaining soil moisture and plant water status.

ACS Style

Muhammad Irshad; Faizan Ullah; Shah Fahad; Sultan Mehmood; Asif Ullah Khan; Martin Brtnicky; Antonin Kintl; Jiri Holatko; Inam Irshad; Mohamed El-Sharnouby; Ayman EL Sabagh; Rahul Datta; Subhan Danish. Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. leaves mulching on wheat growth and biochemical attributes under water stress. BMC Plant Biology 2021, 21, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Muhammad Irshad, Faizan Ullah, Shah Fahad, Sultan Mehmood, Asif Ullah Khan, Martin Brtnicky, Antonin Kintl, Jiri Holatko, Inam Irshad, Mohamed El-Sharnouby, Ayman EL Sabagh, Rahul Datta, Subhan Danish. Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. leaves mulching on wheat growth and biochemical attributes under water stress. BMC Plant Biology. 2021; 21 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Irshad; Faizan Ullah; Shah Fahad; Sultan Mehmood; Asif Ullah Khan; Martin Brtnicky; Antonin Kintl; Jiri Holatko; Inam Irshad; Mohamed El-Sharnouby; Ayman EL Sabagh; Rahul Datta; Subhan Danish. 2021. "Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. leaves mulching on wheat growth and biochemical attributes under water stress." BMC Plant Biology 21, no. 1: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Mineralization of carbon (C) is a burning issue that is regulated by soil attributes. It has direct impacts on crop productivity and quantification of organic residue addition in soil. For better understanding and achievement of potential tillage benefits, a comprehensive scientific understanding of C mineralization is very important. Therefore, a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the C mineralization rates and kinetics of crop residues (rice and maize) when applied on the surface (as zero-tillage, ZT) and incorporation (as conventional tillage, CT) in four different soil types (S1 and S2 of Entisol; S3 and S4 of Inceptisols) of West Bengal state, India. Results showed that after 7 days of incubation, there was a rapid phase of decrease in CO2-C fluxes. It continued up to day 14 followed by a sluggish nature of CO2 emission up to day-42, and after that almost levelling off in all subsequent periods up to the end of 126 days of incubation. There was a progressive release of cumulative total C from the soils with an increase in time till the last day of incubation. For every 10% increase in C loss, there was about 0.376 mg/g C mineralization from the applied residue C. It was evident from the kinetic models that C mineralization from the residues followed the exponential model: C = Co(1 − e−kt). Similar rate constant (k) values were recorded in both placement methods, but the rate of maximum potential mineralizable (C0k) residue C was higher under residue incorporation treatments for both rice and maize residue. However, the rice and maize residues showed almost similar amounts of C mineralized over time when applied on the surface. The future prediction analysis using the equation C = Co(1 − e−kt) suggested that the residues incorporated into the soil releases a maximum C irrespective of residue type. We conclude that the residues when incorporated into the soil significantly increases the C footprints through maximum C mineralization; leaving the crop residue on the soil surface reduces the C footprints which helps in achieving sustainability from an environmental perspective.

ACS Style

Rakesh S; Deepranjan Sarkar; Abhas Sinha; Shikha; Prabir Mukhopadhyay; Subhan Danish; Shah Fahad; Rahul Datta. Carbon Mineralization Rates and Kinetics of Surface-Applied and Incorporated Rice and Maize Residues in Entisol and Inceptisol Soil Types. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7212 .

AMA Style

Rakesh S, Deepranjan Sarkar, Abhas Sinha, Shikha, Prabir Mukhopadhyay, Subhan Danish, Shah Fahad, Rahul Datta. Carbon Mineralization Rates and Kinetics of Surface-Applied and Incorporated Rice and Maize Residues in Entisol and Inceptisol Soil Types. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rakesh S; Deepranjan Sarkar; Abhas Sinha; Shikha; Prabir Mukhopadhyay; Subhan Danish; Shah Fahad; Rahul Datta. 2021. "Carbon Mineralization Rates and Kinetics of Surface-Applied and Incorporated Rice and Maize Residues in Entisol and Inceptisol Soil Types." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7212.

Article
Published: 23 June 2021 in Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
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Excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers has deteriorated the sustainable development of the earth's environment. Many researches focused on reducing the nitrogen (N) rate, but few studies concentrated on the stability of yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of different rice cultivars. We screened different rice genotypes (Super hybrid rice, Ordinary hybrid rice, and Commercial indica) under various N application rate (60, 120 kg N ha−1in 2012 and 0, 120 and 210 kg N ha−1 in 2013). Grain yield among different rice cultivars ranged from 7.6 to 9.2 t ha−1 under N120 across both years. Relative to the N60 and N0, rice yield was increased by 1.50 ~ 27.56% at 120 kg N ha−1. In 2013, the yield response of all rice cultivars was non-significant for 120 and 210 kg N ha−1. However, HHZ performed well compared to the rest of cultivar under higher N (210 kg ha−1) but the absolute values were not consistent in both years. Grain yield was significantly correlated with the dry matter at pre-heading and harvest index under different nitrogen applications and years. Based on principal component analysis, the yield and NUE of hybrid rice cultivars were more stable than the conventional rice cultivars. Therefore, hybrid rice cultivars are an efficient candidate for the green super rice and would contribute to rice breeding for saving N resources without sacrificing yield.

ACS Style

Weilu Wang; Liying Huang; Guanglong Zhu; Hao Zhang; Zhiqin Wang; Muhammad Adnan; Shah Saud; Zafar Hayat; Shah Fahad. Screening of Rice Cultivars for Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield Stability under Varying Nitrogen Levels. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2021, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Weilu Wang, Liying Huang, Guanglong Zhu, Hao Zhang, Zhiqin Wang, Muhammad Adnan, Shah Saud, Zafar Hayat, Shah Fahad. Screening of Rice Cultivars for Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield Stability under Varying Nitrogen Levels. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2021; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weilu Wang; Liying Huang; Guanglong Zhu; Hao Zhang; Zhiqin Wang; Muhammad Adnan; Shah Saud; Zafar Hayat; Shah Fahad. 2021. "Screening of Rice Cultivars for Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield Stability under Varying Nitrogen Levels." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation , no. : 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 22 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) connected with ultraviolet (UV) detection were used for the determination of phytohormones. The parameters influencing the performance of the HPLC-UV method, including composition of the mobile phase for gradient elution, column temperature, flow rate, and detection wavelength, were optimized. This method can simultaneously determine 11 phytohormones, including nine cytokinins, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid. The limit of detection of this method is 0.22 to 1.1 µg L−1, and the coefficient factors of linear regression are >0.998. The recoveries of the target phytohormones ranged between 62.1~109.4%, and the relative standard deviations were <10%. This method is suitable for determining phytohormones, especially cytokinins, in young panicles, roots, and xylem sap of rice plants.

ACS Style

Beibei Qi; Chao Wu; Huiling Liang; Kehui Cui; Shah Fahad; Manlian Wang; Baoyu Liu; Lixiao Nie; Jianliang Huang; Hui Tang. Optimized High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Determining Nine Cytokinins, Indole-3-acetic Acid and Abscisic Acid. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6998 .

AMA Style

Beibei Qi, Chao Wu, Huiling Liang, Kehui Cui, Shah Fahad, Manlian Wang, Baoyu Liu, Lixiao Nie, Jianliang Huang, Hui Tang. Optimized High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Determining Nine Cytokinins, Indole-3-acetic Acid and Abscisic Acid. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):6998.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beibei Qi; Chao Wu; Huiling Liang; Kehui Cui; Shah Fahad; Manlian Wang; Baoyu Liu; Lixiao Nie; Jianliang Huang; Hui Tang. 2021. "Optimized High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Determining Nine Cytokinins, Indole-3-acetic Acid and Abscisic Acid." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 6998.

Research article
Published: 10 June 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Toxic metals and particle pollutants in urbanized cities have significantly increased over the past few decades mainly due to rapid urbanization and unplanned infrastructure. This research aimed at estimating the concentration of toxic metals and particle pollutants and the associated risks to public health across different land-use settings including commercial area (CA), urban area (UA), residential area (RA), and industrial area (IA). A total of 47 samples for both soil and air were collected from different land-use settings of Faisalabad city in Pakistan. Mean concentrations of toxic metals such as Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, and Cd in all land-use settings were 92.68, 4.06, 1.34, 0.16, 0.07, 0.03, and 0.02 mg kg−1, respectively. Mean values of PM10, PM2.5, and Mn in all land-use settings were found 5.14, 1.34, and 1.9 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Mn was found as the most hazardous metal in terms of pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF) in the studied area. Health risk analysis for particle pollutants using air quality index (AQI) and geoinformation was found in the range between good to very critical for all the land-use settings. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were higher for children in comparison to adults, suggesting that children may be susceptible to potentially higher health risks. However, the cancer risk (CR) value for Pb ingestion (1.21 × 10−6) in children was lower than the permissible limit (1 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−6). Nonetheless, for Cr inhalation, CR value (1.09 × 10−8) was close to tolerable limits. Our findings can be of valuable assistance toward advancing our understanding of soil and air pollutions concerning public health in different land-use settings of the urbanized cities of Pakistan.

ACS Style

Khalid Mehmood; Yansong Bao; Roman Abbas; Saifullah; George P. Petropoulos; Hamaad Raza Ahmad; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Adnan Mustafa; Alwaseela Abdalla; Katia Lasaridi; Shah Fahad. Pollution characteristics and human health risk assessments of toxic metals and particle pollutants via soil and air using geoinformation in urbanized city of Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Khalid Mehmood, Yansong Bao, Roman Abbas, Saifullah, George P. Petropoulos, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Mohsin Abrar, Adnan Mustafa, Alwaseela Abdalla, Katia Lasaridi, Shah Fahad. Pollution characteristics and human health risk assessments of toxic metals and particle pollutants via soil and air using geoinformation in urbanized city of Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khalid Mehmood; Yansong Bao; Roman Abbas; Saifullah; George P. Petropoulos; Hamaad Raza Ahmad; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Adnan Mustafa; Alwaseela Abdalla; Katia Lasaridi; Shah Fahad. 2021. "Pollution characteristics and human health risk assessments of toxic metals and particle pollutants via soil and air using geoinformation in urbanized city of Pakistan." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2021 in Molecules
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Accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) by ornamental plants (OPs) from contaminated agriculture soils is a unique technique that can efficiently reduce the metal load in the food chain. Amaranthus tricolor L. has attractive characteristics acquiring a higher growth rate and large biomass when grown at heavy metal contaminated soils. Site-specific detailed information is not available on the use of A. tricolor plant in metal phytoremediation from the polluted sites. The study aimed to enhance the uptake of HMs (Pb, Zn, and Cu) via amending poultry litter extract (PLE), vinasse sugarcane (VSC), and humic acid (HA) as natural mobilized organic materials compared to ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), as a common mobilized chemical agent by A. tricolor plant. The studied soils collected from Helwan, El-Gabal El-Asfar (Cairo Governorate), Arab El-Madabeg (Assiut Governorate), Egypt, and study have been conducted under pot condition. Our results revealed all organic materials in all studied soils, except EDTA in EL-Gabal El-Asfar soil, significantly increased the dry weight of the A. tricolor plant compared to the control treatment. The uptake of Pb and Zn significantly (p > 0.05) increased due to applying all organic materials to the studied soils. HA application caused the highest uptake as shown in Pb concentration by more than 5 times in Helwan soil and EDTA by 65% in El-Gabal El-Asfar soil while VSC increased it by 110% in El-Madabeg soil. Also, an increase in Zn concentration due to EDTA application was 58, 42, and 56% for Helwan, El-Gabal El-Asfar, and El-Madabeg soil, respectively. In all studied soils, the application of organic materials increased the remediation factor (RF) than the control. El-Madabeg soil treated with vinasse sugarcane gave the highest RF values; 6.40, 3.26, and 4.02% for Pb, Zn, and Cu, respectively, than the control. Thus, we identified A. tricolor as a successful ornamental candidate that, along with organic mobilization amendments, most efficiently develop soil health, reduce metal toxicity, and recommend remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. Additionally, long-term application of organic mobilization amendments and continued growth of A. tricolor under field conditions could be recommended for future directions to confirm the results.

ACS Style

Mahrous Awad; M. El-Desoky; A. Ghallab; Jan Kubes; S. Abdel-Mawly; Subhan Danish; Disna Ratnasekera; Mohammad Sohidul Islam; Milan Skalicky; Marian Brestic; Alaa Baazeem; Saqer Alotaibi; Talha Javed; Rubab Shabbir; Shah Fahad; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Ayman EL Sabagh. Ornamental Plant Efficiency for Heavy Metals Phytoextraction from Contaminated Soils Amended with Organic Materials. Molecules 2021, 26, 3360 .

AMA Style

Mahrous Awad, M. El-Desoky, A. Ghallab, Jan Kubes, S. Abdel-Mawly, Subhan Danish, Disna Ratnasekera, Mohammad Sohidul Islam, Milan Skalicky, Marian Brestic, Alaa Baazeem, Saqer Alotaibi, Talha Javed, Rubab Shabbir, Shah Fahad, Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman, Ayman EL Sabagh. Ornamental Plant Efficiency for Heavy Metals Phytoextraction from Contaminated Soils Amended with Organic Materials. Molecules. 2021; 26 (11):3360.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahrous Awad; M. El-Desoky; A. Ghallab; Jan Kubes; S. Abdel-Mawly; Subhan Danish; Disna Ratnasekera; Mohammad Sohidul Islam; Milan Skalicky; Marian Brestic; Alaa Baazeem; Saqer Alotaibi; Talha Javed; Rubab Shabbir; Shah Fahad; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Ayman EL Sabagh. 2021. "Ornamental Plant Efficiency for Heavy Metals Phytoextraction from Contaminated Soils Amended with Organic Materials." Molecules 26, no. 11: 3360.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Nitrogen (N) losses are prevalent under South East Asia’s due to high N fertilizer inputs, but low N fertilizer use efficiency. This leaves a large quantity of reactive N at risk of loss to the environment. Biochar has been found to reduce N losses across a variety of soil types, however, there is limited data available for semi-arid climates, particularly at a field-scale. Herein we present an exploration of the biological and chemical enhancement effects observed of a cotton stalk-based biochar on wheat growth and yield under arid field conditions. The biochar was treated with urea-N and biofertilizer (bio-power) in different treatment setups. The six experimental treatments included; (i) a full N dose “recommended for wheat crops in the region” (104 kg N ha−1) as a positive control; (ii) a half N dose (52 kg N ha−1); (iii) a half N dose + biofertilizer (4.94 kg ha−1) as a soil mixture; (iv) a half N dose + biofertilizer as a seed inoculation; (v) a full N dose as broadcast + biochar (5 t ha−1) inoculated with biofertilizer; and (vi) a full N dose loaded on biochar + biofertilizer applied as a soil mixture. The half dose N application or biofertilizer addition as soil mix/seed inoculated/biochar inoculation with biofertilizer caused reduced wheat growth and yield compared to the control (conventional N fertilization). However, co-application of chemically enhanced biochar (loaded with a full N dose) and biofertilizer as soil mixture significantly increased the crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI). A significantly higher crop growth and canopy development led to a higher light interception and radiation use efficiency (RUE) for total dry matter (TDM) and grain yield (11% greater than control) production compared to the control. A greater grain yield, observed for the full N dose loaded on biochar + biofertilizer applied as a soil mixture, is attributed to prolonged N availability as indicated by greater plant and soil N content at harvest and different crop growth stages, respectively. The present study has improved our understanding of how the application of nitrogen loaded biochar and biofertilizer as soil mixtures can synergize to positively affect wheat growth and soil-nitrogen retention under arid environmental conditions.

ACS Style

Zarmeena Khan; Muhammad Rahman; Ghulam Haider; Rabia Amir; Rao Ikram; Shakeel Ahmad; Hannah Schofield; Bilal Riaz; Rashid Iqbal; Shah Fahad; Rahul Datta; Alaa Baazeem; Ayman Sabagh; Subhan Danish. Chemical and Biological Enhancement Effects of Biochar on Wheat Growth and Yield under Arid Field Conditions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5890 .

AMA Style

Zarmeena Khan, Muhammad Rahman, Ghulam Haider, Rabia Amir, Rao Ikram, Shakeel Ahmad, Hannah Schofield, Bilal Riaz, Rashid Iqbal, Shah Fahad, Rahul Datta, Alaa Baazeem, Ayman Sabagh, Subhan Danish. Chemical and Biological Enhancement Effects of Biochar on Wheat Growth and Yield under Arid Field Conditions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5890.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zarmeena Khan; Muhammad Rahman; Ghulam Haider; Rabia Amir; Rao Ikram; Shakeel Ahmad; Hannah Schofield; Bilal Riaz; Rashid Iqbal; Shah Fahad; Rahul Datta; Alaa Baazeem; Ayman Sabagh; Subhan Danish. 2021. "Chemical and Biological Enhancement Effects of Biochar on Wheat Growth and Yield under Arid Field Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5890.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2021 in Scientia Horticulturae
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Ornamental plant trees possess multiple ecosystem roles, retain ambient quality and have pleasant landscape effects, whereas urbanization also induce many environmental changes compared with rural areas and these changes affect the plants leaf functional traits. In response to these stresses, functional traits of plants may change. Here, we studied leaf functional traits and plasticity for three ornamental species growing under various levels of urban environment stresses. The results showed that leaf and stomatal traits varied between trees growing under different environment stresses. For all three species, as environment stresses increased, LT (leaf thickness), SLI (single leaf area), FAA (fluctuating asymmetry based on leaf area) and FAW (fluctuating asymmetry based on leaf width) decreased. Spatial distribution maps for SLA (specific leaf area) showed a high spatial variation, corresponding with the level of urbanization. These results suggest that stomatal traits of ornamentals tree species may potentially be used as indicators for urban habitat quality.

ACS Style

Muhammad Ilyas; Yuan-Yuan Liu; Sakhawat Shah; Ashfaq Ali; Aamir Hamid Khan; Fawad Zaman; Zhang Yucui; Shah Saud; Muhammad Adnan; Nazeer Ahmed; Beenish Ali; Shah Fahad; Yong-Jian Wang. Adaptation of functional traits and their plasticity of three ornamental trees growing in urban environment. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 286, 110248 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Ilyas, Yuan-Yuan Liu, Sakhawat Shah, Ashfaq Ali, Aamir Hamid Khan, Fawad Zaman, Zhang Yucui, Shah Saud, Muhammad Adnan, Nazeer Ahmed, Beenish Ali, Shah Fahad, Yong-Jian Wang. Adaptation of functional traits and their plasticity of three ornamental trees growing in urban environment. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021; 286 ():110248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Ilyas; Yuan-Yuan Liu; Sakhawat Shah; Ashfaq Ali; Aamir Hamid Khan; Fawad Zaman; Zhang Yucui; Shah Saud; Muhammad Adnan; Nazeer Ahmed; Beenish Ali; Shah Fahad; Yong-Jian Wang. 2021. "Adaptation of functional traits and their plasticity of three ornamental trees growing in urban environment." Scientia Horticulturae 286, no. : 110248.

Review article
Published: 12 May 2021 in Journal of King Saud University - Science
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Utilization of industrial and household wastes as fertilizer while wastewater as irrigation are common practices in developing country's agriculture. These practices played an imperative role in the accumulation of heavy metals in soil. Among different heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) contamination in soils has been rising to an alarming level. The contribution of natural activities is relatively low over anthropogenic activities for Cd buildup in the soil. Its toxicity adversely affects human health, soil and plant productivity. Instead of chemicals remediation, a nature-friendly biochar is suggested as a promising remedy to reclaim Cd-contaminated soils. Owing to high stability, greater surface area, and exchange sites, biochar can adsorb heavy metals. Thus, significantly reducing metals mobility, bioavailability, and uptake of heavy metals by the plant. It has active functional groups like ketones, carboxylic, and diols that bind the Cd and other metals. Biochar can also mitigate the harmful effect of Cd by improving plant chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis activity, SOP, POD and CAT enzyme activity through better availability of essential. Furthermore, the application of acidified biochar into alkaline soil is also gaining attention. It plays a vital role in declining soil pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and improving the availability of immobilized nutrients. Scientists are also working on acidified carbon (AC) chemical production to investigate its potential benefits in high pH soils. This review will help to provide the basis for understanding the potential benefits of thermopyrolyzed biochar and chemically produced AC, especially in Cd-contaminated sites. However, more advanced and in-depth investigations are required to use chemically produced carbon as an amendment against Cd and other heavy metals toxicity.

ACS Style

Niaz Ahmed; Ali Raza Shah; Subhan Danish; Shah Fahad; Muhammad Arif Ali; Tayebeh Zarei; Valerie Vranová; Rahul Datta. Immobilization of Cd in soil by biochar and new emerging chemically produced carbon. Journal of King Saud University - Science 2021, 33, 101472 .

AMA Style

Niaz Ahmed, Ali Raza Shah, Subhan Danish, Shah Fahad, Muhammad Arif Ali, Tayebeh Zarei, Valerie Vranová, Rahul Datta. Immobilization of Cd in soil by biochar and new emerging chemically produced carbon. Journal of King Saud University - Science. 2021; 33 (5):101472.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Niaz Ahmed; Ali Raza Shah; Subhan Danish; Shah Fahad; Muhammad Arif Ali; Tayebeh Zarei; Valerie Vranová; Rahul Datta. 2021. "Immobilization of Cd in soil by biochar and new emerging chemically produced carbon." Journal of King Saud University - Science 33, no. 5: 101472.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Bacterial spot, caused by a group of Xanthomonads (Xanthomonas spp.), is a devastating disease. It can adversely affect the Capsicum annum productivity. Scientists are working on the role of antioxidants to meet this challenge. However, research is lacking on the role of antioxidant enzymes and their isoforms in the non-compatible pathogen and host plant interaction and resistance mechanisms in capsicum varieties. The present study was conducted to ascertain the defensive role of antioxidant enzymes and their isoforms in chilli varieties Hybrid, Desi, Serrano, Padron, and Shehzadi against bacterial spot disease-induced Xanthomonas sp. The seedlings were inoculated with bacterial pathogen @ 107 CFU/mL, and samples were harvested after regular intervals of 24 h for 4 days followed by inoculation. Total plant proteins were extracted in phosphate buffer and quantified through Bradford assay. The crude protein extracts were analyzed through quantitative enzymatic assays in order to document activity levels of various antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, the profiles appearance of these enzymes and their isoforms were determined using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis. These enzymes exhibited maximum activity in Hybrid (HiR) cultivar followed by Desi (R), Serrano (S), Padron, and Shehzadi (HS). Both the number of isoforms and expression levels were higher in highly resistant cultivars compared to susceptible and highly susceptible cultivars. The induction of POD, CAT, and SOD occurs at the early stages of growth in resistant Capsicum cultivars. At the same time, APX seems to make the second line of antioxidant defense mechanisms. We found that modulating antioxidant enzymes and isoforms activity at the seedling stage was an important mechanism for mitigating plant growth inhibition in the resistant ones.

ACS Style

Musarrat Ramzan; Sundas Sana; Nida Javaid; Anis Ali Shah; Samina Ejaz; Waqas Nazir Malik; Nasim Ahmad Yasin; Saud Alamri; Manzer H. Siddiqui; Rahul Datta; Shah Fahad; Nazia Tahir; Sidra Mubeen; Niaz Ahmed; Muhammad Arif Ali; Ayman El Sabagh; Subhan Danish. Mitigation of bacterial spot disease induced biotic stress in Capsicum annuum L. cultivars via antioxidant enzymes and isoforms. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Musarrat Ramzan, Sundas Sana, Nida Javaid, Anis Ali Shah, Samina Ejaz, Waqas Nazir Malik, Nasim Ahmad Yasin, Saud Alamri, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Rahul Datta, Shah Fahad, Nazia Tahir, Sidra Mubeen, Niaz Ahmed, Muhammad Arif Ali, Ayman El Sabagh, Subhan Danish. Mitigation of bacterial spot disease induced biotic stress in Capsicum annuum L. cultivars via antioxidant enzymes and isoforms. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Musarrat Ramzan; Sundas Sana; Nida Javaid; Anis Ali Shah; Samina Ejaz; Waqas Nazir Malik; Nasim Ahmad Yasin; Saud Alamri; Manzer H. Siddiqui; Rahul Datta; Shah Fahad; Nazia Tahir; Sidra Mubeen; Niaz Ahmed; Muhammad Arif Ali; Ayman El Sabagh; Subhan Danish. 2021. "Mitigation of bacterial spot disease induced biotic stress in Capsicum annuum L. cultivars via antioxidant enzymes and isoforms." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-10.

Research article
Published: 19 April 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Soil contamination with readily soluble salts and heavy metals is a major challenge concerning sustainable crop production. The use of organic wastes in agriculture not only helps in waste reduction but also acts as a soil conditioner and bio-stimulant for enhancing crop growth. In this regard, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of raw and processed animal manure (AM) on the growth, yield, and physicochemical parameters of Brassica napus L. developed under salinity and Ni stress. The experiment comprised two salinity levels (1.05 and 8 dS m−1), two Ni levels (0 and 50 mg kg−1), and two types of AMs (raw and processed at a rate of 2% w/w). A control treatment without AM incorporation was also included. In results, the application of AM markedly increased the growth and yield of B. napus under Ni and salinity stress; at the same time, it improved the physiological and chemical parameters of the said crop. Similarly, incorporation of processed AM significantly improved nutrient uptake and decreased Na/K ratios in the shoot and grain under the different stress conditions, as compared to the control. Likewise, Ni uptake in the grain, shoot, and root samples was also significantly reduced under the AM treatment. Also, the application of AM significantly reduced the daily intake of metal (DIM) index and the health risk index (HRI) values under the different stress conditions, as compared to the control. In conclusion, the application of processed AM constitutes an effective agricultural strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of Ni and salinity stress on growth, physiology, and yield of B. napus, thus resulting in enhanced productivity, as well as reduced risks associated with human health.

ACS Style

Muhammad Naveed; Allah Ditta; Maryum Ahmad; Adnan Mustafa; Zulfiqar Ahmad; Manuel Conde-Cid; Shermeen Tahir; Syed Atizaz Ali Shah; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Shah Fahad. Processed animal manure improves morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Brassica napus L. under nickel and salinity stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 45629 -45645.

AMA Style

Muhammad Naveed, Allah Ditta, Maryum Ahmad, Adnan Mustafa, Zulfiqar Ahmad, Manuel Conde-Cid, Shermeen Tahir, Syed Atizaz Ali Shah, Muhammad Mohsin Abrar, Shah Fahad. Processed animal manure improves morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Brassica napus L. under nickel and salinity stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (33):45629-45645.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Naveed; Allah Ditta; Maryum Ahmad; Adnan Mustafa; Zulfiqar Ahmad; Manuel Conde-Cid; Shermeen Tahir; Syed Atizaz Ali Shah; Muhammad Mohsin Abrar; Shah Fahad. 2021. "Processed animal manure improves morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Brassica napus L. under nickel and salinity stress." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 33: 45629-45645.