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I.M. Román Sánchez
Department of Economics and Business, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 30 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Given the problem of water scarcity and the importance of this resource for the sustainability of the planet, wastewater treatment and its costs have become a key issue for proper water management. Using bibliometric analysis of publications in the Web of Science database, this study presents an overview of the research on wastewater treatment costs in the period 1950–2020. The worldwide search returned 22,788 articles for wastewater treatment costs, which compares poorly to the results for research on wastewater treatment, accounting for only 12.34% of the total output on wastewater treatment. The findings of this study reveal the leading countries in this field of research (China, USA, India, Spain and the UK), with the articles being published in a wide range of high impact journals. Similarly, there are very few results on UV and chlorination costs, despite the importance of these two treatments for wastewater disinfection and reuse. This study is aimed at researchers in this field, helping them to identify recent trends, and at the main institutions in the scientific community working on this subject.

ACS Style

Leticia Gallego-Valero; Encarnación Moral-Parajes; Isabel Román-Sánchez. Wastewater Treatment Costs: A Research Overview through Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5066 .

AMA Style

Leticia Gallego-Valero, Encarnación Moral-Parajes, Isabel Román-Sánchez. Wastewater Treatment Costs: A Research Overview through Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5066.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leticia Gallego-Valero; Encarnación Moral-Parajes; Isabel Román-Sánchez. 2021. "Wastewater Treatment Costs: A Research Overview through Bibliometric Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5066.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Agua y Territorio / Water and Landscape
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En 1991 se aprueba la Directiva 91/271/CEE que exige que las aguas residuales urbanas de los países de la UE sean tratadas antes de ser vertidas, favoreciendo su reutilización. El análisis exploratorio realizado permite afirmar que veintiséis años después de la aprobación de esta norma continúan existiendo municipios en Europa que no tratan las aguas servidas o lo hacen de forma incorrecta. Una realidad que influye negativamente en el estado ecológico y químico de los recursos hídricos, los ecosistemas naturales y la biodiversidad. Jaén, una provincia del sur de España, con 64 centros urbanos obligados a depurar las aguas vertidas, presenta en 2017 un elevado déficit en capacidad de tratamiento, siendo prácticamente nulo el volumen de agua reutilizada. Una situación que influye sobre las condiciones del medio natural hídrico.

ACS Style

Encarnación Moral Pajares; Leticia Gallego Valero; Francisco Garcia Moral; Isabel M. Roman Sánchez. Depuración de Aguas Residuales y uso De Aguas Regeneradas: Un Análisis Descriptivo del Caso de la Provincia de Jaén. Agua y Territorio / Water and Landscape 2021, 77 -91.

AMA Style

Encarnación Moral Pajares, Leticia Gallego Valero, Francisco Garcia Moral, Isabel M. Roman Sánchez. Depuración de Aguas Residuales y uso De Aguas Regeneradas: Un Análisis Descriptivo del Caso de la Provincia de Jaén. Agua y Territorio / Water and Landscape. 2021; (17):77-91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Encarnación Moral Pajares; Leticia Gallego Valero; Francisco Garcia Moral; Isabel M. Roman Sánchez. 2021. "Depuración de Aguas Residuales y uso De Aguas Regeneradas: Un Análisis Descriptivo del Caso de la Provincia de Jaén." Agua y Territorio / Water and Landscape , no. 17: 77-91.

Review
Published: 28 October 2020 in Sustainability
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It is estimated that at least one quarter of the world’s population will be affected by water shortages in the coming years and by 2030 there will be a global water deficit of 40% if urgent action is not taken. Currently, the main consumer of water globally is agriculture. In addition, it has been estimated that to meet the demand for food by 2050, the water available for agricultural irrigation would have to increase by 70%. In this context, wastewater could become a relevant water resource to meet this growing demand. This article aims to show the state of the global research on sustainable use of wastewater in agriculture. To this end, a systematic qualitative analysis and a quantitative bibliometric analysis were conducted. The search was carried out for the period 2000–2019, and the analyzed sample comprised 1986 articles. The results show that this line of research is one of the most outstanding within agriculture and has gained special relevance during the last five years. Research has improved significantly at a technical level, but problems such as energy consumption, and the elimination of heavy metals and elements of chemical and pharmacological products, still need to be refined. There is a particular lack of contributions covering social aspects. This article can serve as a reference for both researchers and stakeholders interested in this topic.

ACS Style

María López-Serrano; Juan Velasco-Muñoz; José Aznar-Sánchez; Isabel Román-Sánchez. Sustainable Use of Wastewater in Agriculture: A Bibliometric Analysis of Worldwide Research. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8948 .

AMA Style

María López-Serrano, Juan Velasco-Muñoz, José Aznar-Sánchez, Isabel Román-Sánchez. Sustainable Use of Wastewater in Agriculture: A Bibliometric Analysis of Worldwide Research. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8948.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María López-Serrano; Juan Velasco-Muñoz; José Aznar-Sánchez; Isabel Román-Sánchez. 2020. "Sustainable Use of Wastewater in Agriculture: A Bibliometric Analysis of Worldwide Research." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8948.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Greenhouse farming is an agricultural management system that has demonstrated its efficiency in intensifying food production. These systems constitute a feasible alternative for ensuring food supply, which is one of the greatest challenges faced by humankind in the twenty-first century. Technology has been able to meet the challenges related to greenhouse farming in both contributing to overcoming its limitations, correcting adverse impacts and ensuring system sustainability. The objective of this article is to analyse the global research trends in greenhouse technology over the last two decades, in order to identify the main driving agents, the most outstanding research lines and possible gaps in the literature. Different methodologies have been used for the analysis; both quantitative and qualitative. The principal results show that there are different relevant lines of research related to different aspects of greenhouse farming: the use of water for irrigation, the design of the optimum structure of the greenhouse, conserving the soil in the best growing conditions, energy consumption of the system as a whole, climate control within the facility and pest control. The research is characterized by the being composed largely of ad hoc studies, which hinders the international collaboration between researchers and institutions. The research approach has shifted from being focused on increasing production and cost savings to aspects related to resource conservation and sustainability.

ACS Style

José A. Aznar-Sánchez; Juan F. Velasco-Muñoz; Belén López-Felices; Isabel M. Román-Sánchez. An Analysis of Global Research Trends on Greenhouse Technology: Towards a Sustainable Agriculture. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 664 .

AMA Style

José A. Aznar-Sánchez, Juan F. Velasco-Muñoz, Belén López-Felices, Isabel M. Román-Sánchez. An Analysis of Global Research Trends on Greenhouse Technology: Towards a Sustainable Agriculture. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (2):664.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José A. Aznar-Sánchez; Juan F. Velasco-Muñoz; Belén López-Felices; Isabel M. Román-Sánchez. 2020. "An Analysis of Global Research Trends on Greenhouse Technology: Towards a Sustainable Agriculture." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 664.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2019 in Sustainability
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Within globalization and the development of information and communication technologies (ICT), social and civic competence and sustainability take on a relevant role in the international scope. To this end, a theoretical section on citizenship models and the different fingerprints of sustainability is presented. The study is quantitative, with a sample of 161 massive open online courses (MOOCs) from three of the main platforms (Coursera, EdX and MiriadaX) with content on citizenship, citizen participation and/or sustainability. Both data collection and analysis are structured around a system of four categories: Technical dimension, didactic dimension, citizenship and sustainability. An exploratory analysis is carried out, followed by a factorial analysis focused on correlations and reduction of factors that allows us to define a main formative profile of the MOOC in relation to the reference themes. In this way, this research concludes that there is an international trend in MOOCs in citizenship and sustainability, whose predominant training proposals include contents related to the ecological citizenship model, as well as issues such as lack of resources, the need to reduce waste derived from consumption, climate change, or the impact of companies on the local economy and environment.

ACS Style

Emilio José Delgado-Algarra; Isabel María Román Sánchez; Eva Ordóñez Olmedo; Antonio Alejandro Lorca-Marín. International MOOC Trends in Citizenship, Participation and Sustainability: Analysis of Technical, Didactic and Content Dimensions. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5860 .

AMA Style

Emilio José Delgado-Algarra, Isabel María Román Sánchez, Eva Ordóñez Olmedo, Antonio Alejandro Lorca-Marín. International MOOC Trends in Citizenship, Participation and Sustainability: Analysis of Technical, Didactic and Content Dimensions. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5860.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emilio José Delgado-Algarra; Isabel María Román Sánchez; Eva Ordóñez Olmedo; Antonio Alejandro Lorca-Marín. 2019. "International MOOC Trends in Citizenship, Participation and Sustainability: Analysis of Technical, Didactic and Content Dimensions." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5860.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2019 in Water
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The principle of cost recovery established by the Water Framework Directive underlines the need for tax rates, which can raise enough revenue to finance the cost of treatments applied to wastewater. The objective of this research is to gain an understanding the different types of charges related to urban wastewater treatment that can be levied by the authorities responsible for this service. This paper also aims to determine whether these taxes contribute to guaranteeing the economic feasibility of the wastewater treatment plants. The proposed methodological approach is applied to 18 municipalities of a province in southern Europe in 2017. The results confirm that in most of these cases, the taxes levied do not guarantee adequate tax revenues to cover the running, maintenance and investment costs of municipal wastewater treatment plants. This situation leads to a lack of financial self-sufficiency in the wastewater management service, meaning that the imbalance between income and expenditure has to be covered by government subsidies. The results of this study will help guide authorities around the world that are in charge of managing urban wastewater treatment services.

ACS Style

Encarnación Moral Pajares; Leticia Gallego Valero; Isabel María Román Sánchez. Cost of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Ecotaxes: Evidence from Municipalities in Southern Europe. Water 2019, 11, 423 .

AMA Style

Encarnación Moral Pajares, Leticia Gallego Valero, Isabel María Román Sánchez. Cost of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Ecotaxes: Evidence from Municipalities in Southern Europe. Water. 2019; 11 (3):423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Encarnación Moral Pajares; Leticia Gallego Valero; Isabel María Román Sánchez. 2019. "Cost of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Ecotaxes: Evidence from Municipalities in Southern Europe." Water 11, no. 3: 423.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Desalination and Water Treatment
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ACS Style

Leticia Gallego-Valero; Encarnación Moral-Pajares; I.M. Román-Sánchez. Crop production and irrigation: deciding factors of wastewater reuse in Spain? Desalination and Water Treatment 2019, 150, 91 -98.

AMA Style

Leticia Gallego-Valero, Encarnación Moral-Pajares, I.M. Román-Sánchez. Crop production and irrigation: deciding factors of wastewater reuse in Spain? Desalination and Water Treatment. 2019; 150 ():91-98.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leticia Gallego-Valero; Encarnación Moral-Pajares; I.M. Román-Sánchez. 2019. "Crop production and irrigation: deciding factors of wastewater reuse in Spain?" Desalination and Water Treatment 150, no. : 91-98.

Review
Published: 05 April 2018 in Sustainability
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Sustainability of water use in agriculture is a line of research that has gained in importance worldwide. The present study reviewed 25 years of international research on sustainable water use in agriculture. A bibliometric analysis was developed to sample 2084 articles. Results indicate exponential growth in the number of articles published per year, with research in this field having acquired a global scale. Environmental Science and Agricultural and Biological Sciences are the main categories. Three journals—Agricultural Water Management, Water Resources Management and Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Agricultural Engineering—published the most of the articles. China, the U.S., Australia, India and Germany produced the most research. The three institutions that published the most articles were all Chinese (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Agricultural University and Northwest A&F University). The most cited authors were Ridoutt, Hoekstra and Zhang. The keywords most frequently used include: water-use, irrigation, water-management, water-supply, and sustainability. A network map shows three clusters that focus on the environmental, agronomic and management aspects. The findings of this study can assist researchers in this field by providing an overview of research on the sustainability of hydric resources.

ACS Style

Juan Velasco-Muñoz; José Aznar-Sánchez; Luis Belmonte-Ureña; Isabel Román-Sánchez. Sustainable Water Use in Agriculture: A Review of Worldwide Research. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1084 .

AMA Style

Juan Velasco-Muñoz, José Aznar-Sánchez, Luis Belmonte-Ureña, Isabel Román-Sánchez. Sustainable Water Use in Agriculture: A Review of Worldwide Research. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1084.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Velasco-Muñoz; José Aznar-Sánchez; Luis Belmonte-Ureña; Isabel Román-Sánchez. 2018. "Sustainable Water Use in Agriculture: A Review of Worldwide Research." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1084.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2018 in Water
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The treatment of wastewater, financed through environmental taxes, is key to the development of a sustainable economy. The objective of this study is to verify whether the tax loads on wastewater discharges applied in Spain are effective, allowing the costs of secondary and tertiary treatments to be financed. First, the revenues collected from taxes related to the discharge of wastewater in the different Spanish regions, which reach an average value of 0.72 €/m3, are analysed. Second, the costs of secondary wastewater treatment, prolonged aeration, activated sludge with nutrient removal, and activated sludge without nutrient removal are studied. Additionally, the costs of tertiary treatments, with environmental objectives and for reuse purposes, are considered. The analysis carried out reveals high heterogeneity in the amounts collected through taxes in the different Autonomous Communities. In some cases, these amounts do not cover the costs of the treatments. An urgent review is therefore required of the financing systems applied in order to secure a level of income that can cover all the exploitation and investment costs incurred.

ACS Style

Leticia Gallego Valero; Encarnación Moral Pajares; Isabel María Román Sánchez; José Antonio Sánchez Pérez. Analysis of Environmental Taxes to Finance Wastewater Treatment in Spain: An Opportunity for Regeneration? Water 2018, 10, 226 .

AMA Style

Leticia Gallego Valero, Encarnación Moral Pajares, Isabel María Román Sánchez, José Antonio Sánchez Pérez. Analysis of Environmental Taxes to Finance Wastewater Treatment in Spain: An Opportunity for Regeneration? Water. 2018; 10 (2):226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leticia Gallego Valero; Encarnación Moral Pajares; Isabel María Román Sánchez; José Antonio Sánchez Pérez. 2018. "Analysis of Environmental Taxes to Finance Wastewater Treatment in Spain: An Opportunity for Regeneration?" Water 10, no. 2: 226.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2018 in Sustainability
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80% of all wastewater is discharged into the environment without first eliminating contaminants, and the consequences are cause for concern. The ecotaxes levied on effluents in many developed countries are aimed at preventing and minimizing water pollution and also, in part, helping to finance proper water reclamation facilities. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the current tax burden in a set of European Union countries on wastewater discharges and to assess its relationship with the quality of fresh water and other economic and political variables. The paper draws on different theoretical arguments and estimates a panel data model to verify the effectiveness of taxes in protecting aquatic ecosystems. These taxes are directly dependent on the environmental health status of water and inversely linked to the volume of discharged wastewater. In addition, a direct relationship is found between the tax burden on wastewater discharges and the variables representing the Human Development Index, the per capita expenditure on protecting water resources, the relative weight of ecotaxes in a country’s total tax revenues, and public support for green political movements.

ACS Style

Leticia Gallego Valero; Encarnación Moral Pajares; Isabel María Román Sánchez. The Tax Burden on Wastewater and the Protection of Water Ecosystems in EU Countries. Sustainability 2018, 10, 212 .

AMA Style

Leticia Gallego Valero, Encarnación Moral Pajares, Isabel María Román Sánchez. The Tax Burden on Wastewater and the Protection of Water Ecosystems in EU Countries. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (1):212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leticia Gallego Valero; Encarnación Moral Pajares; Isabel María Román Sánchez. 2018. "The Tax Burden on Wastewater and the Protection of Water Ecosystems in EU Countries." Sustainability 10, no. 1: 212.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Water Resources and Industry
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ACS Style

G. Rivas Ibáñez; J.M. Molina Ruíz; M.I. Román Sánchez; J.L. Casas López. A corporate water footprint case study: The production of Gazpacho, a chilled vegetable soup. Water Resources and Industry 2017, 17, 34 -42.

AMA Style

G. Rivas Ibáñez, J.M. Molina Ruíz, M.I. Román Sánchez, J.L. Casas López. A corporate water footprint case study: The production of Gazpacho, a chilled vegetable soup. Water Resources and Industry. 2017; 17 ():34-42.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Rivas Ibáñez; J.M. Molina Ruíz; M.I. Román Sánchez; J.L. Casas López. 2017. "A corporate water footprint case study: The production of Gazpacho, a chilled vegetable soup." Water Resources and Industry 17, no. : 34-42.

Comparative study
Published: 21 July 2015 in Water Science and Technology
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The European legislation of the pollution of industrial wastewater shows a high degree of heterogeneity. This fact implies that there is a market failure with relevant consequences. Within the European Union, each Member State performs a specific transposition of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60. The member states introduce different sanitation fees to correct water pollution. In this paper, the case of the European wine industry is analyzed. It studies the sanitation fees of the five major wine producing countries: France, Italy, Spain, Germany and Portugal. Results show significant differences among the wastewater fees and the study reveals how such heterogeneity leads to relevant market distortions. The research concludes that more homogeneous environmental regulation would promote more sustainable wine production processes with more efficient water management and purification systems, as well as the introduction of cutting edge technologies.

ACS Style

I.M. Román-Sánchez; José Ángel Aznar Sánchez; Luis J. Belmonte-Ureña. Heterogeneity of the environmental regulation of industrial wastewater: European wineries. Water Science and Technology 2015, 72, 1667 -1673.

AMA Style

I.M. Román-Sánchez, José Ángel Aznar Sánchez, Luis J. Belmonte-Ureña. Heterogeneity of the environmental regulation of industrial wastewater: European wineries. Water Science and Technology. 2015; 72 (9):1667-1673.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I.M. Román-Sánchez; José Ángel Aznar Sánchez; Luis J. Belmonte-Ureña. 2015. "Heterogeneity of the environmental regulation of industrial wastewater: European wineries." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 9: 1667-1673.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2014 in Physics Letters A
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ACS Style

M. Fernández-Martínez; M.A. Sánchez-Granero; J.E. Trinidad Segovia; I.M. Román-Sánchez. An accurate algorithm to calculate the Hurst exponent of self-similar processes. Physics Letters A 2014, 378, 2355 -2362.

AMA Style

M. Fernández-Martínez, M.A. Sánchez-Granero, J.E. Trinidad Segovia, I.M. Román-Sánchez. An accurate algorithm to calculate the Hurst exponent of self-similar processes. Physics Letters A. 2014; 378 (32-33):2355-2362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Fernández-Martínez; M.A. Sánchez-Granero; J.E. Trinidad Segovia; I.M. Román-Sánchez. 2014. "An accurate algorithm to calculate the Hurst exponent of self-similar processes." Physics Letters A 378, no. 32-33: 2355-2362.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Environmental Engineering and Management Journal
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ACS Style

Jose Antonio Sanchez Perez; Isabel Maria Roman Sanchez; Irene Carra. PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY USING SANITARY TAX: THE CASE OF AGRO-FOOD INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER IN SPAIN. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 2014, 13, 961 -969.

AMA Style

Jose Antonio Sanchez Perez, Isabel Maria Roman Sanchez, Irene Carra. PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY USING SANITARY TAX: THE CASE OF AGRO-FOOD INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER IN SPAIN. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. 2014; 13 (4):961-969.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose Antonio Sanchez Perez; Isabel Maria Roman Sanchez; Irene Carra. 2014. "PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY USING SANITARY TAX: THE CASE OF AGRO-FOOD INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER IN SPAIN." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 13, no. 4: 961-969.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in Theoretical Economics Letters
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Market failure involving pollution from wastewater discharges industrials, is corrected with the establishment of environmental taxes. Heterogeneity in the design of these taxes, with a different tax base for each EU member country, affects both the pollution parameters considered and their weight in the calculation of the tax payable. This paper presents a study on the variety of this tax in Belgium, Italy and Spain. Finally, we discuss the possibility of the same as correcting market failure.

ACS Style

I. M. Román-Sánchez; Irene Carra. Effect of Environmental Taxes as Correcting Negative Externalities Caused by Water Pollution Applied to the Agro-Food Industry. Theoretical Economics Letters 2013, 03, 30 -34.

AMA Style

I. M. Román-Sánchez, Irene Carra. Effect of Environmental Taxes as Correcting Negative Externalities Caused by Water Pollution Applied to the Agro-Food Industry. Theoretical Economics Letters. 2013; 03 (03):30-34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. M. Román-Sánchez; Irene Carra. 2013. "Effect of Environmental Taxes as Correcting Negative Externalities Caused by Water Pollution Applied to the Agro-Food Industry." Theoretical Economics Letters 03, no. 03: 30-34.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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The aim of this paper is to carry out an economic assessment on a solar photo-Fenton/MBR combined process to treat industrial ecotoxic wastewater. This study focuses on the impact of the contamination present in wastewater, the photochemical oxidation, the use of an MBR as biological process and the plant size on operating and amortization costs. As example of ecotoxic pollutant, a mixture of five commercial pesticides commonly used in the Mediterranean area has been used, ranging from 500 mg/L to 50mg/L, expressed as dissolved organic carbon concentration. The economic evaluation shows that (i) the increase in pollution load does not always involve an increase in photo-Fenton costs because they also depend on organic matter mineralization; (ii) the use of an MBR process permits lower photochemical oxidation requirements than other biological treatments, resulting in approximately 20% photo-Fenton cost reduction for highly polluted wastewater; (iii) when pollution load decreases, the contribution of reactant consumption to the photo-Fenton process costs increase with regard to amortization costs; (iv) 30% total cost reduction can be gained treating higher daily volumes, obtaining competitive costs that vary from 1.1-1.9 €/m(3), depending on the pollution load.

ACS Style

José Antonio Sánchez Pérez; I.M. Román-Sánchez; Irene Carra; Alejandro Cabrera Reina; José Luis Casas López; Sixto Malato. Economic evaluation of a combined photo-Fenton/MBR process using pesticides as model pollutant. Factors affecting costs. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2013, 244-245, 195 -203.

AMA Style

José Antonio Sánchez Pérez, I.M. Román-Sánchez, Irene Carra, Alejandro Cabrera Reina, José Luis Casas López, Sixto Malato. Economic evaluation of a combined photo-Fenton/MBR process using pesticides as model pollutant. Factors affecting costs. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2013; 244-245 ():195-203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Antonio Sánchez Pérez; I.M. Román-Sánchez; Irene Carra; Alejandro Cabrera Reina; José Luis Casas López; Sixto Malato. 2013. "Economic evaluation of a combined photo-Fenton/MBR process using pesticides as model pollutant. Factors affecting costs." Journal of Hazardous Materials 244-245, no. : 195-203.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in Environmental Engineering and Management Journal
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ACS Style

Luis J. Belmonte-Urena; I.M. Román-Sánchez. APPRAISAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE WINE-PRODUCING SPANISH INDUSTRY. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 2013, 12, 1979 -1987.

AMA Style

Luis J. Belmonte-Urena, I.M. Román-Sánchez. APPRAISAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE WINE-PRODUCING SPANISH INDUSTRY. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. 2013; 12 (10):1979-1987.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis J. Belmonte-Urena; I.M. Román-Sánchez. 2013. "APPRAISAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN THE WINE-PRODUCING SPANISH INDUSTRY." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 12, no. 10: 1979-1987.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2011 in Desalination
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Proper management of water in the food industry will depend, to a large extent, on economic incentives regulated by legislation. The influence of water cost and wastewater discharge taxes is analyzed, as factors that encourage the implementation of water recycling systems and wastewater treatments within the food industry. Two Spanish taxation models are taken into account: at the national level, the Waste Control Tax; and at the local level, the autonomous Sanitary Tax. The cost reduction obtained in the Waste Control Tax by investing 68,305 € in minimizing water consumption from 193,200 m3/year to 142,417 m3/year is negligible since it is not a quantitatively elevated tax (from 2262 €/year to 1407 €/year). With regard to the Sanitary Tax, diversity affects the tax quantity and, consequently, the pressure exerted on the effluent quality in each case. In the Region of Murcia, the sanitary tax reduction was 8885 €/year; and in La Rioja, the saving is greater (38,642 €/year) given that this tax is considerably higher. Designing more stringent environmental regulation will markedly enhance the development of new technologies for improving wastewater treatment towards the goal of environmentally acceptable discharging and water reuse.

ACS Style

I.M. Román Sánchez; J.M. Molina Ruiz; J.L. Casas López; J.A. Sánchez Pérez. Effect of environmental regulation on the profitability of sustainable water use in the agro-food industry. Desalination 2011, 279, 252 -257.

AMA Style

I.M. Román Sánchez, J.M. Molina Ruiz, J.L. Casas López, J.A. Sánchez Pérez. Effect of environmental regulation on the profitability of sustainable water use in the agro-food industry. Desalination. 2011; 279 (1-3):252-257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I.M. Román Sánchez; J.M. Molina Ruiz; J.L. Casas López; J.A. Sánchez Pérez. 2011. "Effect of environmental regulation on the profitability of sustainable water use in the agro-food industry." Desalination 279, no. 1-3: 252-257.

Journal article
Published: 25 December 2010 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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The use of the solar photo-Fenton process is proposed to degrade Paracetamol in water in order to form biodegradable reaction intermediates which can be finally removed with a downstream biological treatment. Firstly, biodegradability enhancement with photo-Fenton treatment time has been evaluated; the minimum mineralization level should be at least 18.6% where Paracetamol has been degraded and biodegradability efficiency is higher than 40%. 20 mg L−1 of Fe2+ and 200 mg L−1 of H2O2 were selected in a lab-scale study looking at Paracetamol's degradation rate and organic carbon mineralization rate. As a result of scaling up the process at a pilot plant, 157.5 mg L−1 of Paracetamol (∼1 mM) was treated in 25 min of photo-Fenton treatment achieving the desired biodegradability. A further economic evaluation shows how the proposed treatment strategy markedly increases plant efficiency, resulting in an 83.33% reduction in reagent cost and a 79.11% reduction in costs associated with reaction time. Total cost is reduced from 3.4502 €/m3 to 0.7392 €/m3.

ACS Style

L. Santos-Juanes Jordá; M.M. Ballesteros Martín; E. Ortega Gómez; A. Cabrera Reina; I.M. Román Sánchez; J.L. Casas López; J.A. Sánchez Pérez. Economic evaluation of the photo-Fenton process. Mineralization level and reaction time: The keys for increasing plant efficiency. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2010, 186, 1924 -1929.

AMA Style

L. Santos-Juanes Jordá, M.M. Ballesteros Martín, E. Ortega Gómez, A. Cabrera Reina, I.M. Román Sánchez, J.L. Casas López, J.A. Sánchez Pérez. Economic evaluation of the photo-Fenton process. Mineralization level and reaction time: The keys for increasing plant efficiency. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010; 186 (2-3):1924-1929.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Santos-Juanes Jordá; M.M. Ballesteros Martín; E. Ortega Gómez; A. Cabrera Reina; I.M. Román Sánchez; J.L. Casas López; J.A. Sánchez Pérez. 2010. "Economic evaluation of the photo-Fenton process. Mineralization level and reaction time: The keys for increasing plant efficiency." Journal of Hazardous Materials 186, no. 2-3: 1924-1929.