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The aim of this research was to present the changes in biomass production, especially pellets in Poland, in the context of world’s and European Union’s (EU) climate and energy policy, compared to other renewable energy sources. We also analyzed the law concerning the biomass production in the EU. Finally, we have elaborated the prognosis of the pellet production on the world scale. We have used different methods to achieve the goals, among which the most important are the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH model) and prognosis. We also compared the results of pellet production in different countries in the European Union. The results were presented in tabular and graphic form. We have received the data from Eurostat and the Main Statistical Office (MSO) in Poland. Our research proves the increase of biomass and pellet production on the global scale. Moreover, global wood pellet production increased by 972% in the years 2005–2018. We can conclude that this increase was the result of increasing demand for renewable energy sources. The first research hypothesis assumed that the changes in the European Union Policy have impacted the increase of biomass production in the world. Our prognosis confirmed the second hypothesis that the development of pellets will increase as the result of increasing global demand. The use of more renewable energy sources is necessary to decrease the degradation of the environment.
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska; Piotr Bórawski; Michał Borychowski; Rafał Wyszomierski; Marek Bórawski; Tomasz Rokicki; Luiza Ochnio; Krzysztof Jankowski; Bartosz Mickiewicz; James Dunn. Development of Solid Biomass Production in Poland, Especially Pellet, in the Context of the World’s and the European Union’s Climate and Energy Policies. Energies 2021, 14, 3587 .
AMA StyleAneta Bełdycka-Bórawska, Piotr Bórawski, Michał Borychowski, Rafał Wyszomierski, Marek Bórawski, Tomasz Rokicki, Luiza Ochnio, Krzysztof Jankowski, Bartosz Mickiewicz, James Dunn. Development of Solid Biomass Production in Poland, Especially Pellet, in the Context of the World’s and the European Union’s Climate and Energy Policies. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3587.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneta Bełdycka-Bórawska; Piotr Bórawski; Michał Borychowski; Rafał Wyszomierski; Marek Bórawski; Tomasz Rokicki; Luiza Ochnio; Krzysztof Jankowski; Bartosz Mickiewicz; James Dunn. 2021. "Development of Solid Biomass Production in Poland, Especially Pellet, in the Context of the World’s and the European Union’s Climate and Energy Policies." Energies 14, no. 12: 3587.
Sebastian Stępień; Jan Polcyn; Michał Borychowski. Determinanty zrównoważonego rozwoju ekonomiczno-społecznego rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce. Ekonomista 2021, 1, 1 .
AMA StyleSebastian Stępień, Jan Polcyn, Michał Borychowski. Determinanty zrównoważonego rozwoju ekonomiczno-społecznego rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce. Ekonomista. 2021; 1 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Stępień; Jan Polcyn; Michał Borychowski. 2021. "Determinanty zrównoważonego rozwoju ekonomiczno-społecznego rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce." Ekonomista 1, no. : 1.
We investigated the resilience of small-scale family farms because of the contemporary importance of both the farms’ resilience and the role of these farms in five countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The authors addressed a research gap concerning cross-sectional research on the resilience of farms by combining determinants from various fields. Thus, the primary goal of this article was to identify microeconomic and political factors and links to markets that affect the resilience of small-scale family farms in Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania and Serbia. Using a database of over 3500 farms, the resilience of the farms was calculated, and then the impact of selected factors on that resilience was determined. The research showed that the production scale was the key determinant of the resilience of farms. To achieve higher benefits, increasing the production should be combined with strengthening the market integration of agricultural producers. The position of the producer in the food supply chain determined the income situation of the farm (economic stability). This shaped the quality of life of the family members (social stability). Identifying the effects of those dependencies may provide recommendations for the policy of supporting small-scale family farms in the analysed countries.
Michał Borychowski; Sebastian Stępień; Jan Polcyn; Aleksandra Tošović-Stevanović; Dragan Ćalović; Goran Lalić; Milena Žuža. Socio-Economic Determinants of Small Family Farms’ Resilience in Selected Central and Eastern European Countries. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10362 .
AMA StyleMichał Borychowski, Sebastian Stępień, Jan Polcyn, Aleksandra Tošović-Stevanović, Dragan Ćalović, Goran Lalić, Milena Žuža. Socio-Economic Determinants of Small Family Farms’ Resilience in Selected Central and Eastern European Countries. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Borychowski; Sebastian Stępień; Jan Polcyn; Aleksandra Tošović-Stevanović; Dragan Ćalović; Goran Lalić; Milena Žuža. 2020. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Small Family Farms’ Resilience in Selected Central and Eastern European Countries." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10362.
Summary The main aim of the article is to identify pro-environmental actions in farms in the Wielkopolska region. The article uses the results of surveys carried out in 2020 in a group of 120 agricultural holdings from Wielkopolska running agricultural accounting according to the FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) system. The time scope of the analyses referred to the period 2016-2019, and in the case of economic data to 2018. The issue of pro-environmental activity on farms is complex due to the integration of the economic and environmental dimensions, which requires further scientific knowledge. It was found that the investigated farms in Wielkopolska, which undertook pro-environmental actions, most often realized it in the area of land improvement. The farms which showed the highest activity in terms of undertaken pro-environmental measures were more strongly connected with the market. The managers of these farms are open to innovative ecological solutions despite their quite high age (e.g. half of them are planning to install photovoltaics). It was also found that it was easier for larger farms to carry out pro-environmental measures due to the wider possibilities of income creation. In the case of smaller farms, there is a greater need to implement measures from the area of pro-environmental investments. In turn, in larger units, measures reducing production intensity, and in all groups concerning land improvement.
Aleksander Grzelak; Michał Borychowski; Jakub Staniszewski. Pro-environmental actions of agricultural farms - example of holdings from the Wielkopolska region. Management 2020, 24, 236 -250.
AMA StyleAleksander Grzelak, Michał Borychowski, Jakub Staniszewski. Pro-environmental actions of agricultural farms - example of holdings from the Wielkopolska region. Management. 2020; 24 (2):236-250.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksander Grzelak; Michał Borychowski; Jakub Staniszewski. 2020. "Pro-environmental actions of agricultural farms - example of holdings from the Wielkopolska region." Management 24, no. 2: 236-250.
The concept of eco-efficiency, which can be defined as the simultaneous ability to achieve economic results with the least possible degradation of the environment, has recently become a subject of lively discussion among politicians and scientists. It has also been discussed in the context of small-scale arable farms. Central and Eastern European countries, including Poland, fit perfectly into the issue of small-scale farms eco-efficiency due to their relatively high share in the total number of farms. The implementation of the sustainable agriculture model, however, would not be possible without an efficient institutional environment. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to assess the eco-efficiency of small-scale farms in Poland and to identify the relationship between eco-efficiency and institutional variables according to the framework of New Institutional Economics. The novelty of our approach is that it uses the modified and extended concept of the eco-efficiency, which on the output side includes proxy variables of environmental public goods. As a part of the research procedure, a two-stage analysis was conducted. Firstly, radial eco-efficiency scores and slacks for individual effects were estimated using non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis. Secondly, the relationship between eco-efficiency and institutional explanatory variables was identified based on the double-bootstrapped truncated regression model according to Simar and Wilson procedure. The most eco-efficient farms were those with a relatively larger area, for which agriculture was the main source of income, which used some form of contracting when selling products, which primarily supplied themselves with inputs, and which specialized in permanent and horticultural crops.
Sebastian Stępień; Bazyli Czyżewski; Agnieszka Sapa; Michał Borychowski; Walenty Poczta; Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda. Eco-efficiency of small-scale farming in Poland and its institutional drivers. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 279, 123721 .
AMA StyleSebastian Stępień, Bazyli Czyżewski, Agnieszka Sapa, Michał Borychowski, Walenty Poczta, Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda. Eco-efficiency of small-scale farming in Poland and its institutional drivers. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 279 ():123721.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Stępień; Bazyli Czyżewski; Agnieszka Sapa; Michał Borychowski; Walenty Poczta; Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda. 2020. "Eco-efficiency of small-scale farming in Poland and its institutional drivers." Journal of Cleaner Production 279, no. : 123721.
The problem of food insecurity is generally associated with developing countries, but at the household level it also occurs in developed countries, especially in socially vulnerable groups, such as small-scale farms. However, the issue of food insecurity in developed countries, especially at the household level, is rather neglected in the scientific literature. This study was conducted to fill this gap and examine the level of food insecurity among small-scale farms in Poland. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 710 small-scale farms in Poland. The incidence and degree of food insecurity was measured with the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). The study found that about 43% of the respondents were exposed to food insecurity, including almost 9% to severe food insecurity, which is well above the average for the entire Polish population. By applying cross-tabulation and the zero-inflated Poisson regression model, the study found that the higher age and secondary or higher education of the farm manager, having children in the household and higher land productivity have a statistically significant negative influence on households’ food insecurity (i.e., decreased HFIAS score). On the contrary, family size of five or more and production type “permanent crops” and “dairy cows” have a statistically significant positive influence on households’ food insecurity (i.e., increased HFIAS score).
Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda; Agnieszka Sapa; Sebastian Stępień; Michał Borychowski. Food Insecurity among Small-Scale Farmers in Poland. Agriculture 2020, 10, 295 .
AMA StyleAgnieszka Poczta-Wajda, Agnieszka Sapa, Sebastian Stępień, Michał Borychowski. Food Insecurity among Small-Scale Farmers in Poland. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (7):295.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Poczta-Wajda; Agnieszka Sapa; Sebastian Stępień; Michał Borychowski. 2020. "Food Insecurity among Small-Scale Farmers in Poland." Agriculture 10, no. 7: 295.
The theory about the impact of farm size, income and assets on the environmental approach of farmers is ambiguous. We contribute to the existing discussion in two ways. Firstly, we look for the determinants of the environmental approach. Secondly, we treat farm size as a heterogeneous factor, affected not only by the value of assets but also flows of incomes. The main objective of the article is, therefore, to recognize the impact of assets and income on the environmental approach of agricultural producers. We analyze the results of surveys carried out in 2020 on a group of 120 farms from the Wielkopolska region (Poland), using structural equation modelling (generalized structural equation modelling (GSEM)-multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) model). Our results indicate that both the income and assets of the agricultural producers have a positive impact on their approach to the environment. However, to a greater extent, the farmer’s approach to the environment is influenced more by income than by assets. This may be influenced by the capitalization of subsidies in the price of agricultural land, which makes this element of farm assets detached from real processes. It is easier for farms with a higher income and assets to realize the orientation towards sustainability.
Aleksander Grzelak; Jakub Staniszewski; Michał Borychowski. Income or Assets—What Determines the Approach to the Environment among Farmers in A Region in Poland? Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleAleksander Grzelak, Jakub Staniszewski, Michał Borychowski. Income or Assets—What Determines the Approach to the Environment among Farmers in A Region in Poland? Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksander Grzelak; Jakub Staniszewski; Michał Borychowski. 2020. "Income or Assets—What Determines the Approach to the Environment among Farmers in A Region in Poland?" Sustainability 12, no. 12: 1.
The aim of the article is to present the situation of the sugar beet and sugar market in Poland in the context of changes to the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, and to present prospects for the development of these markets until 2030. The authors prove that, due to the significance of these markets for the whole agricultural sector, an intervention policy regarding the sugar beet and sugar markets is crucial, which is indicated by various positive economic and environmental effects connected with the functioning of this sector. The necessity for intervention stems also from the observed volatility of production, prices and incomes. The spatial scope of the research encompasses the whole area of Poland by applying a regional approach in some analyses (voivodeships) and a comparison with the Member States of the EU. The analyses cover a period of over 20 years – from 1997/1998 to 2018/2019 – as well as a projection for 2030.
Michał Borychowski; Anna Matuszczak; Sebastian Stępień. SUGAR MARKET IN POLAND IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY. CURRENT SITUATION, TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 2019, 18, 5 -13.
AMA StyleMichał Borychowski, Anna Matuszczak, Sebastian Stępień. SUGAR MARKET IN POLAND IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY. CURRENT SITUATION, TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia. 2019; 18 (4):5-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Borychowski; Anna Matuszczak; Sebastian Stępień. 2019. "SUGAR MARKET IN POLAND IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY. CURRENT SITUATION, TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 18, no. 4: 5-13.
Michał Staszków; Michał Borychowski; Filip Nowacki. Clusters in the Renewable Energy Sector in Poland. Managing Global Transitions 2017, 15, 1 .
AMA StyleMichał Staszków, Michał Borychowski, Filip Nowacki. Clusters in the Renewable Energy Sector in Poland. Managing Global Transitions. 2017; 15 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Staszków; Michał Borychowski; Filip Nowacki. 2017. "Clusters in the Renewable Energy Sector in Poland." Managing Global Transitions 15, no. 3: 1.
Summary The main objective of this article is to present the determinants of increase in agricultural commodity prices after 2006. The other specific aim is to show the factors affecting agricultural raw materials and food prices in the global context. This article is a review paper of the determinants of recent commodity and food prices spikes. However, it provides an outlook on these determinants that were the most important for the increases in the last decade. The last part of the article (conclusions) to some extent is a synthesis of considerations and includes the authors’ opinions concerning determinants and an attempt to identify which ones were the most important in the growth of agricultural commodity prices. These increases in agricultural commodity prices resulted from many factors and it is very difficult to separate the individual impact of each of them, because they occurred in parallel. However, it is possible to indicate several main reasons for these price increases, which are: adverse changes in supply-demand relations in agricultural markets, increases in oil prices (and increases of the volatility of those prices), development of biofuel production from agricultural commodities (the first generation biofuels), dollar depreciation, an increase in operations of a speculative nature on commodity markets and improper economic policy that created an environment for the growth of prices of agricultural products.
Michał Borychowski; Andrzej Czyżewski. Determinants of prices increase of agricultural commodities in a global context1. Management 2015, 19, 152 -167.
AMA StyleMichał Borychowski, Andrzej Czyżewski. Determinants of prices increase of agricultural commodities in a global context1. Management. 2015; 19 (2):152-167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichał Borychowski; Andrzej Czyżewski. 2015. "Determinants of prices increase of agricultural commodities in a global context1." Management 19, no. 2: 152-167.