The present work provides a critical review of the science and technological state-of-the-art of defect engineering applied to oxide perovskites in thermocatalytic, electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and energy-storage applications.

Template-directing strategies for synthesising metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have brought about new frontiers in materials chemistry due to the possibility of applying control over crystal growth, morphology and secondarily generated pores.

Organically modified hybrid silica mesostructures are becoming increasingly promising candidates as catalysts for various kinds of organic reactions and green chemistry.