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The recent diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and is regarded as the gold standard for confirmation of infection. It has already been widely recognized that deep learning techniques can potentially have a substantial role in streamlining and accelerating the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. Numerous open dataset enterprises have been set up over the past weeks to help the researchers develop and check methods that could contribute to countering the Corona pandemic. In order to report the above unique problems in the diagnosis of COVID-19, pioneering techniques should be developed. This special issue focuses on novel deep learning imaging analysis techniques related to COVID-19.
Victor Chang; Mohamed Abdel-Basset; Rahat Iqbal; Gary Wills. Guest Editorial:Advanced Deep Learning Techniques for COVID-19. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2021, 17, 6476 -6479.
AMA StyleVictor Chang, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Rahat Iqbal, Gary Wills. Guest Editorial:Advanced Deep Learning Techniques for COVID-19. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. 2021; 17 (9):6476-6479.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictor Chang; Mohamed Abdel-Basset; Rahat Iqbal; Gary Wills. 2021. "Guest Editorial:Advanced Deep Learning Techniques for COVID-19." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 17, no. 9: 6476-6479.
Victor Chang; Gary Wills. Special Issue: Latest Development, Recommendations and Selections from Internet of Things, Big Data and Security. Internet of Things 2020, 12, 100326 .
AMA StyleVictor Chang, Gary Wills. Special Issue: Latest Development, Recommendations and Selections from Internet of Things, Big Data and Security. Internet of Things. 2020; 12 ():100326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictor Chang; Gary Wills. 2020. "Special Issue: Latest Development, Recommendations and Selections from Internet of Things, Big Data and Security." Internet of Things 12, no. : 100326.
The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a new technology that enables both virtual and physical objects to be connected and communicate with each other, and produce new digitized services that improve our quality of life. The IoT system provides several advantages, however, the current centralized architecture introduces numerous issues involving a single point of failure, security, privacy, transparency, and data integrity. These challenges are an obstacle in the way of the future developments of IoT applications. Moving the IoT into one of the distributed ledger technologies may be the correct choice to resolve these issues. Among the common and popular types of distributed ledger technologies is the blockchain. Integrating the IoT with blockchain technology can bring countless benefits. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive discussion of integrating the IoT system with blockchain technology. After providing the basics of the IoT system and blockchain technology, a thorough review of integrating the blockchain with the IoT system is presented by highlighting benefits of the integration and how the blockchain can resolve the issues of the IoT system. Then, the blockchain as a service for the IoT is presented to show how various features of blockchain technology can be implemented as a service for various IoT applications. This is followed by discussing the impact of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) on both IoT and blockchain. In the end, future research directions of IoT with blockchain are presented.
Hany F. Atlam; Muhammad Ajmal Azad; Ahmed G. Alzahrani; Gary Wills. A Review of Blockchain in Internet of Things and AI. Big Data and Cognitive Computing 2020, 4, 28 .
AMA StyleHany F. Atlam, Muhammad Ajmal Azad, Ahmed G. Alzahrani, Gary Wills. A Review of Blockchain in Internet of Things and AI. Big Data and Cognitive Computing. 2020; 4 (4):28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHany F. Atlam; Muhammad Ajmal Azad; Ahmed G. Alzahrani; Gary Wills. 2020. "A Review of Blockchain in Internet of Things and AI." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 4, no. 4: 28.
This article describes the process of developing a framework and an instrument for measuring and ascertaining the openness of a system applicable to system architectures and their implementations. Our process includes an in-depth review of pertinent literature in the areas of Open Systems and Open Architecture, followed by a selection of the appropriate methodology to use. We chose the Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) methodology to allow us to select relevant goals, factors and metric that can be used to measure a system's level of openness. The article details these goals, factors and metrics. We carried out studies of these factors with fourteen experts in open systems engineering: an initial study with seven of these experts helping us refine the selected goals, factors and metrics, with a second confirmatory study performed in conjunction with the remaining seven experts. The goals, questions and metrics are detailed in the appendices.
Tope Omitola; Gary Wills. Developing a Framework and an Instrument for Measuring System Openness. International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence 2020, 10, 55 -96.
AMA StyleTope Omitola, Gary Wills. Developing a Framework and an Instrument for Measuring System Openness. International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence. 2020; 10 (3):55-96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTope Omitola; Gary Wills. 2020. "Developing a Framework and an Instrument for Measuring System Openness." International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence 10, no. 3: 55-96.
The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices brings countless benefits, but it also brings new security and forensics challenges. The IoT system with billions of devices generates a huge amount of evidence which causes big challenges to digital investigators and practitioners who are required to interact with IoT devices to investigate cybercrimes in a forensically sound and timely fashion. These challenges create more opportunities for cybercrimes to attack various IoT application and services resulting in a direct impact on IoT users. As the IoT has incorporated in most aspects of our life, cybercrimes will literally threaten human life, hence, IoT forensics is required to investigate and mitigate against such attacks. Therefore, this paper provides a detailed review of IoT forensics. It started by providing a comprehensive discussion of IoT security involving the need for security by design and security challenges of the IoT system. Then, a review of IoT forensics is presented by highlighting the need for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in IoT forensics, state-of-the-art research and recent studies, opportunities and key requirements for a successful IoT forensics. Challenges and suggested solutions of IoT forensics are also discussed. Finally, a discussion of open research directions of IoT forensics is presented.
Hany F. Atlam; Ezz El-Din Hemdan; Ahmed Alenezi; Madini O. Alassafi; Gary B. Wills. Internet of Things Forensics: A Review. Internet of Things 2020, 11, 100220 .
AMA StyleHany F. Atlam, Ezz El-Din Hemdan, Ahmed Alenezi, Madini O. Alassafi, Gary B. Wills. Internet of Things Forensics: A Review. Internet of Things. 2020; 11 ():100220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHany F. Atlam; Ezz El-Din Hemdan; Ahmed Alenezi; Madini O. Alassafi; Gary B. Wills. 2020. "Internet of Things Forensics: A Review." Internet of Things 11, no. : 100220.
This paper examines the challenging problem of new user cold starts in subset labelled and extremely sparsely labelled big data. We introduce a new Isle of Wight Supply Chain (IWSC) dataset demonstrating these characteristics. We also introduce a new technique addressing these challenges, the Transitive Semantic Relationships (TSR) model, which infers potential relationships from user and item text content and few labelled examples. We perform both implicit and explicit evaluation of TSR as a recommender system and from new user cold starts we achieve a [email protected] of 77% on a collection of 630 items with only 376 supply-chain consumer labels, and 67% with only 142 supply-chain supplier labels, demonstrating a high level of performance even with extremely few labels in challenging cold-start scenarios. TSR is suitable for any dataset featuring few labels and user and item content, where similarity of content indicates similar relationship forming capability. TSR can be used as a standalone recommender system or to complement existing high-performance recommender models that require more labels or do not support cold starts.
David Ralph; Yunjia Li; Gary Wills; Nicolas G. Green. Recommendations from cold starts in big data. Computing 2020, 102, 1323 -1344.
AMA StyleDavid Ralph, Yunjia Li, Gary Wills, Nicolas G. Green. Recommendations from cold starts in big data. Computing. 2020; 102 (6):1323-1344.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Ralph; Yunjia Li; Gary Wills; Nicolas G. Green. 2020. "Recommendations from cold starts in big data." Computing 102, no. 6: 1323-1344.
Wiwat Sriphum; Gary Wills; Nicolas Green. FLOPTICS: A Novel Automated Gating Technique for Flow Cytometry Data. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Complexity, Future Information Systems and Risk 2020, 96 -102.
AMA StyleWiwat Sriphum, Gary Wills, Nicolas Green. FLOPTICS: A Novel Automated Gating Technique for Flow Cytometry Data. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Complexity, Future Information Systems and Risk. 2020; ():96-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWiwat Sriphum; Gary Wills; Nicolas Green. 2020. "FLOPTICS: A Novel Automated Gating Technique for Flow Cytometry Data." Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Complexity, Future Information Systems and Risk , no. : 96-102.
Mehtabhorn Obthong; Nongnuch Tantisantiwong; Watthanasak Jeamwatthanachai; Gary Wills. A Survey on Machine Learning for Stock Price Prediction: Algorithms and Techniques. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Finance, Economics, Management and IT Business 2020, 63 -71.
AMA StyleMehtabhorn Obthong, Nongnuch Tantisantiwong, Watthanasak Jeamwatthanachai, Gary Wills. A Survey on Machine Learning for Stock Price Prediction: Algorithms and Techniques. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Finance, Economics, Management and IT Business. 2020; ():63-71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMehtabhorn Obthong; Nongnuch Tantisantiwong; Watthanasak Jeamwatthanachai; Gary Wills. 2020. "A Survey on Machine Learning for Stock Price Prediction: Algorithms and Techniques." Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Finance, Economics, Management and IT Business , no. : 63-71.
Ahmed Alzahrani; Ahmed Alenezi; Hany Atlam; Gary Wills. A Framework for Data Sharing between Healthcare Providers using Blockchain. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security 2020, 349 -358.
AMA StyleAhmed Alzahrani, Ahmed Alenezi, Hany Atlam, Gary Wills. A Framework for Data Sharing between Healthcare Providers using Blockchain. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security. 2020; ():349-358.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed Alzahrani; Ahmed Alenezi; Hany Atlam; Gary Wills. 2020. "A Framework for Data Sharing between Healthcare Providers using Blockchain." Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security , no. : 349-358.
The gamification of anthropomorphic interfaces is one of technology interventions in health. Applying them into transitional care may encourage a patient to learn about their condition, so that they are able to self-manage. This research is based on the researcher’s previous developed framework to develop a rigorous scale that assesses the applicability of anthropomorphic interfaces gamification for transitional care in an application. By measuring, it may inform the software developer or designer of the design requirement for the application. We adopt a Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) approach to develop a new measurement instrument. The GQM offered a stepwise approach to refine a theoretical perspective of anthropomorphic gamification for transition care into measurable values. Thus, this research presents how the measurement items can be created using GQM. Later, these items will be grouped together as an instrument called Transitional Anthropomorphs Gamification Scale (TAGS). This instrument needs for further validation, ensuring they measured the right construct.
Nooralisa Mohd Tuah; Gary B. Wills. Measuring the Application of Anthropomorphic Gamification for Transitional Care; A Goal-Question-Metric Approach. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2020, 553 -564.
AMA StyleNooralisa Mohd Tuah, Gary B. Wills. Measuring the Application of Anthropomorphic Gamification for Transitional Care; A Goal-Question-Metric Approach. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. 2020; ():553-564.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNooralisa Mohd Tuah; Gary B. Wills. 2020. "Measuring the Application of Anthropomorphic Gamification for Transitional Care; A Goal-Question-Metric Approach." Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering , no. : 553-564.
Rayan Ghamri; Nawfal Fadhel; Gary Wills. Investigating Trusted Records for Employment and Education. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security 2020, 412 -419.
AMA StyleRayan Ghamri, Nawfal Fadhel, Gary Wills. Investigating Trusted Records for Employment and Education. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security. 2020; ():412-419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRayan Ghamri; Nawfal Fadhel; Gary Wills. 2020. "Investigating Trusted Records for Employment and Education." Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security , no. : 412-419.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to validate a framework for spatial representation, aka the spatial representation framework (SRF), to define spaces and building information required by people with visual impairment as a foundation of indoor maps for indoor navigation systems.Design/methodology/approachThe SRF was first created with seven main components by a review of the relevant literature and state-of-the-art technologies shown in the preliminary study. This research comprised of two tasks: investigating problems and behaviors while accessing spaces and buildings by visually impaired people (VIP) and validating the SRF where 45 participants were recruited (30 VIP and 15 experts).FindingsThe findings revealed a list of problems and challenges were used to validate and redefine the spatial representation, which was validated by both VIP and experts. The framework subsequently consisted of 11 components categorized into five layers, each layer of which is responsible for a different function.Research limitations/implicationsThis framework provides essential components required for building standard indoor maps as a foundation for indoor navigations systems for people with visual impairment.Practical implicationsThis framework lays the foundation for a range of indoor-based applications by using this SRF to represent indoor spaces. Example applications include: indoor navigation by people with disabilities, robots and autonomous systems, security and surveillance, and context and spatial awareness.Originality/valueThis paper presents the validated spatial representation for indoor navigation by people with visual impairment with its details and description, methodology, results and findings of the validation of the SRF.
Watthanasak Jeamwatthanachai; Mike Wald; Gary Wills. Spatial representation framework for better indoor navigation by people with visual impairment. Journal of Enabling Technologies 2019, 13, 212 -227.
AMA StyleWatthanasak Jeamwatthanachai, Mike Wald, Gary Wills. Spatial representation framework for better indoor navigation by people with visual impairment. Journal of Enabling Technologies. 2019; 13 (4):212-227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWatthanasak Jeamwatthanachai; Mike Wald; Gary Wills. 2019. "Spatial representation framework for better indoor navigation by people with visual impairment." Journal of Enabling Technologies 13, no. 4: 212-227.
Claus Pahl; Muthu Ramachandran; Gary Wills. Special Issue: Intelligent Management of Cloud, IoT and Big Data Applications. Journal of Grid Computing 2019, 17, 623 -624.
AMA StyleClaus Pahl, Muthu Ramachandran, Gary Wills. Special Issue: Intelligent Management of Cloud, IoT and Big Data Applications. Journal of Grid Computing. 2019; 17 (4):623-624.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaus Pahl; Muthu Ramachandran; Gary Wills. 2019. "Special Issue: Intelligent Management of Cloud, IoT and Big Data Applications." Journal of Grid Computing 17, no. 4: 623-624.
Tope Omitola; Gary Wills. Emergency Response Ontology Informatics: Using Ontologies to Improve Emergency and Hazard Management. International Journal of Intelligent Computing Research 2019, 10, 1022 -1032.
AMA StyleTope Omitola, Gary Wills. Emergency Response Ontology Informatics: Using Ontologies to Improve Emergency and Hazard Management. International Journal of Intelligent Computing Research. 2019; 10 (3):1022-1032.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTope Omitola; Gary Wills. 2019. "Emergency Response Ontology Informatics: Using Ontologies to Improve Emergency and Hazard Management." International Journal of Intelligent Computing Research 10, no. 3: 1022-1032.
Ahmed Alenezi; Hany Atlam; Gary Wills. Experts reviews of a cloud forensic readiness framework for organizations. Journal of Cloud Computing 2019, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleAhmed Alenezi, Hany Atlam, Gary Wills. Experts reviews of a cloud forensic readiness framework for organizations. Journal of Cloud Computing. 2019; 8 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed Alenezi; Hany Atlam; Gary Wills. 2019. "Experts reviews of a cloud forensic readiness framework for organizations." Journal of Cloud Computing 8, no. 1: 1.
Vanissa Wanick; Rima Dunn; Ashok Ranchhod; Gary Wills. Analysing cross-cultural design in advergames: a comparison between the UK and Brazil. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Game-Based Learning 2019, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleVanissa Wanick, Rima Dunn, Ashok Ranchhod, Gary Wills. Analysing cross-cultural design in advergames: a comparison between the UK and Brazil. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Game-Based Learning. 2019; 5 (17):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVanissa Wanick; Rima Dunn; Ashok Ranchhod; Gary Wills. 2019. "Analysing cross-cultural design in advergames: a comparison between the UK and Brazil." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Game-Based Learning 5, no. 17: 1.
Michael Gu; Allan Van Der Meulen; Kurt Appolis; Christine Taphel; Marlon Parker; Gary Wills. Zlto: Increase and Track Positive Behavior using Secure Blockchain Technology. International Journal for Information Security Research 2019, 9, 862 -870.
AMA StyleMichael Gu, Allan Van Der Meulen, Kurt Appolis, Christine Taphel, Marlon Parker, Gary Wills. Zlto: Increase and Track Positive Behavior using Secure Blockchain Technology. International Journal for Information Security Research. 2019; 9 (2):862-870.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Gu; Allan Van Der Meulen; Kurt Appolis; Christine Taphel; Marlon Parker; Gary Wills. 2019. "Zlto: Increase and Track Positive Behavior using Secure Blockchain Technology." International Journal for Information Security Research 9, no. 2: 862-870.
In spite of the unprecedented popularity to use innovative gaming concepts within the educational context in order to promote active learning, engage people and solve motivational problems, there is an emerging body of research work arguing that gamification is not effective to increase neither the students engagement nor the learning outcomes. In this research paper, an empirical study is conducted to explore how gamification can firstly affect the student learning engagement and the interactivity level with e-learning technologies. Secondly, whether it can be considered as a driving thrust to support sustained learning. A question board is designed and implemented to enable students ask and answer questions related to their taught modules where academic staff can also contribute and validate the most correct answers. The acquisition of data is performed through a period of 10 months in order to investigate the gamification impact over time. The gamified platform was integrated with the online e-learning portal of a university where the adoption of e-learning is considered extremely poor. The obtained results have revealed that gamification can be considered as a valuable tool to entice users for the uptake of educational systems and increase their interactivity and engagement.
Imed Bouchrika; Nouzha Harrati; Vanissa Wanick; Gary Wills. Exploring the impact of gamification on student engagement and involvement with e-learning systems. Interactive Learning Environments 2019, 1 -14.
AMA StyleImed Bouchrika, Nouzha Harrati, Vanissa Wanick, Gary Wills. Exploring the impact of gamification on student engagement and involvement with e-learning systems. Interactive Learning Environments. 2019; ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleImed Bouchrika; Nouzha Harrati; Vanissa Wanick; Gary Wills. 2019. "Exploring the impact of gamification on student engagement and involvement with e-learning systems." Interactive Learning Environments , no. : 1-14.
A number of visually impaired people suffer from navigation-related activities due to mishaps that discourage them from going out for social activities and interactions. In contrast to outdoors, traveling inside public spaces is a different story, as many environmental cues cannot be used and have their own set of difficulties. Some technologies have come into play in helping these people to have freedom in navigation (e.g., accessible map, indoor navigation systems, and wearable computing devices). However, technologies like accessible maps or indoor navigation systems are insufficient to fulfill the independent navigation gap as additional information is required (obstacles, barriers, and accessibility). To promote indoor navigation and create better use of technologies for visually impaired people, it is essential to understand the facts and actual problems that they experience, and what behaviors and strategies they use to overcome any problems; these are the concerns that led to this study. In all, 30 visually impaired people and 15 experts were recruited to give an interview about the behavior and strategies used to navigate indoor spaces, especially public spaces, for example, universities, hospitals, malls, museums, and airports. The findings from this study reveal that navigating inside buildings and public spaces full of unfamiliar features is too difficult to attempt the first time for a number of reasons, reducing their confidence in independent navigation.
Watthanasak Jeamwatthanachai; Mike Wald; Gary Wills. Indoor navigation by blind people: Behaviors and challenges in unfamiliar spaces and buildings. British Journal of Visual Impairment 2019, 37, 140 -153.
AMA StyleWatthanasak Jeamwatthanachai, Mike Wald, Gary Wills. Indoor navigation by blind people: Behaviors and challenges in unfamiliar spaces and buildings. British Journal of Visual Impairment. 2019; 37 (2):140-153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWatthanasak Jeamwatthanachai; Mike Wald; Gary Wills. 2019. "Indoor navigation by blind people: Behaviors and challenges in unfamiliar spaces and buildings." British Journal of Visual Impairment 37, no. 2: 140-153.
The need to increase information sharing in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications made the risk-based access control model to be the best candidate for both academic and commercial organizations. Risk-based access control model carries out a security risk analysis on the access request by using IoT contextual information to provide access decisions dynamically. Unlike current static access control approaches that are based on predefined policies and give the same result in different situations, this model provides the required flexibility to access system resources and works well in unexpected conditions and situations of the IoT system. One of the main issues to implement this model is to determine the appropriate risk estimation technique that is able to generate accurate and realistic risk values for each access request to determine the access decision. Therefore, this paper proposes a risk estimation technique which integrates the fuzzy inference system with expert judgment to assess security risks of access control operations in the IoT system. Twenty IoT security experts from inside and outside the UK were interviewed to validate the proposed risk estimation technique and build the fuzzy inference rules accurately. The proposed risk estimation approach was implemented and simulated using access control scenarios of the network router. In comparison with the existing fuzzy techniques, the proposed technique has demonstrated it produces precise and realistic values in evaluating security risks of access control operations in the IoT context.
Hany F. Atlam; Gary B. Wills. An efficient security risk estimation technique for Risk-based access control model for IoT. Internet of Things 2019, 6, 100052 .
AMA StyleHany F. Atlam, Gary B. Wills. An efficient security risk estimation technique for Risk-based access control model for IoT. Internet of Things. 2019; 6 ():100052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHany F. Atlam; Gary B. Wills. 2019. "An efficient security risk estimation technique for Risk-based access control model for IoT." Internet of Things 6, no. : 100052.