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Tomislav Gae Dragicevic
Department of Energy Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 5205 Lyngby, Denmark, 2800

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Review
Published: 30 August 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
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The article classifies, describes and critically compares different modeling techniques and control methods for dual active bridge (DAB) dc-dc converters and provides explicit guidance about DAB controller design to practicing engineers and researchers. Firstly, available modeling methods for DAB including reduced order model, generalized average model and discrete-time model are classified and quantitatively compared using simulation results. Based on this comparison, recommendations for suitable DAB modeling method are given. Then we comprehensively review the available control methods including feedback-only control, linearization control, feedforward plus feedback, disturbance-observer-based control, feedforward current control, model predictive current control, sliding mode control and moving discretized control set model predictive control. Frequency responses of the closed-loop control-to-output and output impedance are selected as the metrics of the ability in voltage tracking and the load disturbance rejection performance. The frequency response plots of closed-loop control-to-output transfer function and output impedance of each control method are theoretically derived or swept using simulation software PLECS and MATLAB. Based on these plots, remarks on each control method are drawn. Some practical control issues for DAB including dead time effect, phase drift and dc magnetic flux bias are also reviewed.

ACS Style

Shuai Shao; Linglin Chen; Zhenyu Shan; Fei Gao; Hui Chen; Deshang Sha; Tomislav Gae Dragicevic. Modeling and Advanced Control of Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converters: A Review. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2021, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Shuai Shao, Linglin Chen, Zhenyu Shan, Fei Gao, Hui Chen, Deshang Sha, Tomislav Gae Dragicevic. Modeling and Advanced Control of Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converters: A Review. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2021; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuai Shao; Linglin Chen; Zhenyu Shan; Fei Gao; Hui Chen; Deshang Sha; Tomislav Gae Dragicevic. 2021. "Modeling and Advanced Control of Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converters: A Review." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Review article
Published: 12 August 2021 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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The smart-grid has requirements of flexible automation, efficiency, reliability, resiliency and scalability. These are necessitated by the increasing penetration of power-electronics converters that interface distributed renewable energy systems which energize the fast-evolving electric power network. Microgrids (MGs) have been identified as modular grids with the potential to effectively satisfy these characteristics when enhanced with advanced control capabilities. Model predictive control (MPC) facilitates the multivariable control of power electronic systems while accommodating physical constraints without the necessity for a cascaded structure. These features result in fast control dynamic response and good performance for systems involving non-linearities. This paper is a survey of the recent advances in MPC-based converters in MGs. Schemes for the primary control of MG parameters are presented. We also present opportunities for the MPC converter control of autonomous MGs (power quality and inertia enhancement), and transportation electrification. Finally, we demonstrate MPC’s capabilities through hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) results for a proposed adaptive MPC scheme for grid-forming converters.

ACS Style

Zhenbin Zhang; Oluleke Babayomi; Tomislav Dragicevic; Rasool Heydari; Cristian Garcia; Jose Rodriguez; Ralph Kennel. Advances and opportunities in the model predictive control of microgrids: Part I–Primary layer. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2021, 134, 107339 .

AMA Style

Zhenbin Zhang, Oluleke Babayomi, Tomislav Dragicevic, Rasool Heydari, Cristian Garcia, Jose Rodriguez, Ralph Kennel. Advances and opportunities in the model predictive control of microgrids: Part I–Primary layer. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2021; 134 ():107339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenbin Zhang; Oluleke Babayomi; Tomislav Dragicevic; Rasool Heydari; Cristian Garcia; Jose Rodriguez; Ralph Kennel. 2021. "Advances and opportunities in the model predictive control of microgrids: Part I–Primary layer." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 134, no. : 107339.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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AbstractVirtual synchronous generator (VSG) has been a grid-friendly integration control technique for the integration of grid-connected inverters. However, the emulated inertia and damping of VSG control technique can also be used in the field of DC systems. In this paper, a virtual synchronous control is proposed to dampen the wideband oscillation of DC voltage in a DC microgrid. The proposed control strategy contributes to maintaining synchronous operation of DC converter with the network. Besides, the relationships among damping, inertia, wideband oscillation, rate of change of voltage (RoCoV) as well as DC voltage nadir (DCVN) are studied. It is concluded that the RoCoV and DCVN are similarly as the oscillation frequency and fluctuation ranges of poorly-damped oscillation, respectively. A unified concept is proposed by connecting the oscillation-related stability with inertial transient response originated from the imbalanced powers/mismatched currents. Besides of this, the inertia plays the same role as damping because the inertia contributes to maintaining the original state and damping to impeding further change. A new feedback analytical method is proposed to clarify the important role of RoCoV and DCVN on the motion of DC voltage. Finally, the theoretical results are compared with simulations and experiments.

ACS Style

Chang Li; Yaqian Yang; Tomislav Dragicevic; Frede Blaabjerg. A New Perspective for Relating Virtual Inertia with Wideband Oscillation of Voltage in Low-Inertia DC Microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2021, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Chang Li, Yaqian Yang, Tomislav Dragicevic, Frede Blaabjerg. A New Perspective for Relating Virtual Inertia with Wideband Oscillation of Voltage in Low-Inertia DC Microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2021; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang Li; Yaqian Yang; Tomislav Dragicevic; Frede Blaabjerg. 2021. "A New Perspective for Relating Virtual Inertia with Wideband Oscillation of Voltage in Low-Inertia DC Microgrid." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Review article
Published: 02 August 2021 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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The smart-grid has requirements of flexible automation, efficiency, reliability, resiliency and scalability. These are necessitated by the increasing penetration of power-electronics converters that interface distributed renewable energy systems which energize the fast-evolving electric power network. Microgrids (MGs) have been identified as modular grids with the potential to effectively satisfy these characteristics when enhanced with advanced control capabilities. Model predictive control (MPC) facilitates the multivariable control of power electronic systems while accommodating physical constraints without the necessity for a cascaded structure. These features result in fast control dynamic response and good performance for systems involving non-linearities. This paper is a survey of the recent advances in MPC-based converters in MGs. Schemes for the primary control of MG parameters are presented. We also present opportunities for the MPC converter control of autonomous MGs (power quality and inertia enhancement), and transportation electrification. Finally, we demonstrate MPC’s capabilities through hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) results for a proposed adaptive MPC scheme for grid-forming converters.

ACS Style

Zhenbin Zhang; Oluleke Babayomi; Tomislav Dragicevic; Rasool Heydari; Cristian Garcia; Jose Rodriguez; Ralph Kennel. Advances and opportunities in the model predictive control of microgrids: Part I–primary layer. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2021, 134, 107411 .

AMA Style

Zhenbin Zhang, Oluleke Babayomi, Tomislav Dragicevic, Rasool Heydari, Cristian Garcia, Jose Rodriguez, Ralph Kennel. Advances and opportunities in the model predictive control of microgrids: Part I–primary layer. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2021; 134 ():107411.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenbin Zhang; Oluleke Babayomi; Tomislav Dragicevic; Rasool Heydari; Cristian Garcia; Jose Rodriguez; Ralph Kennel. 2021. "Advances and opportunities in the model predictive control of microgrids: Part I–primary layer." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 134, no. : 107411.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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AbstractVirtual synchronous generator (VSG), recognized as a grid-friendly control technique, contributes to providing inertia and damping support from the grid-tied power electronic systems. However, similar to conventional synchronous generator (SG), the VSG is vulnerable to wideband oscillations, and can even become unstable when the system is subjected to a variety of disturbances. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes a magnitude-phase motion equation (MPME) for grid-forming VSG attached to weak grid. Besides, a feedback analytical method is introduced to identify the frequency dynamic stability, judged by the sign of (d/dt)/. Besides, the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and frequency nadir (FN) are evaluated by the two indices, i.e., d/dt and . In addition, the relationship between low-inertia-RoCoF-FN-related stability and the weak-damping-oscillation-related stability is illustrated by the feedback analysis. Moreover, in the framework of MPME, a reactive-power feedforward (PPFF) decoupling control strategy is proposed for enhancement of stability and robustness performance of the VSG-system. Finally, the proposed modeling and the reactive-power feedforward decoupling control strategy are demonstrated with the experiments.

ACS Style

Chang Li; Yaqian Yang; Nenad Mijatovic; Tomislav Dragicevic. Frequency Stability Assessment of Grid-forming VSG in Framework of MPME with Feedforward Decoupling Control Strategy. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2021, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Chang Li, Yaqian Yang, Nenad Mijatovic, Tomislav Dragicevic. Frequency Stability Assessment of Grid-forming VSG in Framework of MPME with Feedforward Decoupling Control Strategy. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2021; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang Li; Yaqian Yang; Nenad Mijatovic; Tomislav Dragicevic. 2021. "Frequency Stability Assessment of Grid-forming VSG in Framework of MPME with Feedforward Decoupling Control Strategy." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2021 in Energies
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Batteries stacks are made of cells in certain series-parallel arrangements. Unfortunately, cell performance degrades over time in terms of capacity, internal resistance, or self-discharge rate. In addition, degradation rates are heterogeneous, leading to cell-to-cell variations. Balancing systems can be used to equalize those differences. Dissipative or non-dissipative systems, so-called passive or active balancing, can be used to equalize either voltage at end-of-charge, or state-of-charge (SOC) at all times. While passive balancing is broadly adopted by industry, active balancing has been mostly studied in academia. Beyond that, an emerging research field is multi-functional balancing, i.e., active balancing systems that pursue additional goals on top of SOC equalization, such as equalization of temperature, power capability, degradation rates, or losses minimization. Regardless of their functionality, balancing circuits are based either on centralized or decentralized control systems. Centralized control entails difficult expandability and single point of failure issues, while decentralized control has severe controllability limitations. As a shift in this paradigm, here we present for the first time a distributed multi-objective control algorithm, based on a multi-agent consensus algorithm. We implement and validate the control in simulations, considering an electro-thermal lithium-ion battery model and an electric vehicle model parameterized with experimental data. Our results show that our novel multi-functional balancing can enhance the performance of batteries with substantial cell-to-cell differences under the most demanding operating conditions, i.e., aggressive driving and DC fast charging (2C). Driving times are extended (>10%), charging times are reduced (>20%), maximum cell temperatures are decreased (>10 °C), temperature differences are lowered (~3 °C rms), and the occurrence of low voltage violations during driving is reduced (>5×), minimizing the need for power derating and enhancing the user experience. The algorithm is effective, scalable, flexible, and requires low implementation and tuning effort, resulting in an ideal candidate for industry adoption.

ACS Style

Jorge Barreras; Ricardo de Castro; Yihao Wan; Tomislav Dragicevic. A Consensus Algorithm for Multi-Objective Battery Balancing. Energies 2021, 14, 4279 .

AMA Style

Jorge Barreras, Ricardo de Castro, Yihao Wan, Tomislav Dragicevic. A Consensus Algorithm for Multi-Objective Battery Balancing. Energies. 2021; 14 (14):4279.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Barreras; Ricardo de Castro; Yihao Wan; Tomislav Dragicevic. 2021. "A Consensus Algorithm for Multi-Objective Battery Balancing." Energies 14, no. 14: 4279.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in IEEE Systems Journal
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Direct current (DC) microgrids can be considered as cyber-physical systems due to implementation of measurement devices, communication network, and control layers. Consequently, dc microgrids are also vulnerable to cyber-attacks. False-data injection attacks (FDIAs) are a common type of cyber-attacks, which try to inject false data into the system in order to cause the defective behavior. This article proposes a method based on model predictive control (MPC) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to detect and mitigate the FDIA in dc microgrids that are formed by parallel dc–dc converters. The proposed MPC/ANN-based strategy shows how MPC and ANNs can be coordinated to provide a secure control layer to detect and remove the FDIAs in the dc microgrid. In the proposed strategy, an ANN plays the role of the estimator to implement in the cyber-attack detection and mitigation strategy. The proposed method is examined under different conditions, physical events and cyber disturbances (i.e. load changing and communication delay, and time-varying attack), and the results of the MPC-based scheme is compared with conventional proportional-integral controllers. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy to detect and mitigate the attack in dc microgrids.

ACS Style

Mohammad Reza Habibi; Hamid Reza Baghaee; Frede Blaabjerg; Tomislav Dragicevic. Secure MPC/ANN-Based False Data Injection Cyber-Attack Detection and Mitigation in DC Microgrids. IEEE Systems Journal 2021, PP, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Mohammad Reza Habibi, Hamid Reza Baghaee, Frede Blaabjerg, Tomislav Dragicevic. Secure MPC/ANN-Based False Data Injection Cyber-Attack Detection and Mitigation in DC Microgrids. IEEE Systems Journal. 2021; PP (99):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Reza Habibi; Hamid Reza Baghaee; Frede Blaabjerg; Tomislav Dragicevic. 2021. "Secure MPC/ANN-Based False Data Injection Cyber-Attack Detection and Mitigation in DC Microgrids." IEEE Systems Journal PP, no. 99: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
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Multibus dc microgrids, which combine renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and loads, have voltage stability requirement, which solicits increasing research attention in practice. Potentially complex architectures of the multibus dc microgrids make it difficult to evaluate the stability using the conventional stability criteria. In this paper, some constraints related to the conventional stability criteria, such as right-half-plane (RHP) poles or zeros in the subsystems are discussed. Further, an impedance-based stability criterion is proposed in the light of generalized bode plots for multibus dc microgrids. The configuration of the multibus dc microgrid is simplified by adopting generalized voltage source, generalized current source and two-port model. Then, impedances or admittances for each bus port can be derived, being helpful for assessing stability of the system. The stability of each bus port in the multibus dc microgrid can be evaluated separately. The stability method considers the number of RHP pole of the open-loop transfer function for the system so the stability of the system consists of subsystems with RHP pole and zero can be analyzed correctly. The method can be easily extended and is acting as a generalized approach for different configurations. Experiments are done to validate the effectiveness of the criterion.

ACS Style

Minrui Leng; Guohua Zhou; Haoze Li; Guodong Xu; Frede Blaabjerg; Tomislav Gae Dragicevic. Impedance-Based Stability Evaluation for Multibus DC Microgrid Without constraints on Subsystems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2021, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Minrui Leng, Guohua Zhou, Haoze Li, Guodong Xu, Frede Blaabjerg, Tomislav Gae Dragicevic. Impedance-Based Stability Evaluation for Multibus DC Microgrid Without constraints on Subsystems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2021; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minrui Leng; Guohua Zhou; Haoze Li; Guodong Xu; Frede Blaabjerg; Tomislav Gae Dragicevic. 2021. "Impedance-Based Stability Evaluation for Multibus DC Microgrid Without constraints on Subsystems." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion
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The papers in this special section focus on model predictive control (MPC) in energy conversion systems. MPC refers to a broad range of control strategies that make explicit use of a model of the system/device to be controlled optimally. In order to obtain the optimal control signal (or sequence of control signals), MPC optimizes a certain cost function at regular intervals. Due to its unique capabilities to deal with constraints on actuators and system states as well as its theoretical basis, MPC has been widely received and successfully used for many decades, mostly for control of slow industrial plants. However, with continuous advances of control theory and increasing computational capabilities of modern microprocessors, this control strategy has recently became a technically feasible solution for control of energy conversion systems that operate at much faster times scales.

ACS Style

Tomislav Dragicevic; Alessandra Parisio; Jose Rodriguez; Colin Jones; Daniel Quevedo; Luca Ferrarini; Matthias Preindl; Qobad Shafiee; Thomas Morstyn. Guest Editorial Model Predictive Control in Energy Conversion Systems. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2021, 36, 1311 -1312.

AMA Style

Tomislav Dragicevic, Alessandra Parisio, Jose Rodriguez, Colin Jones, Daniel Quevedo, Luca Ferrarini, Matthias Preindl, Qobad Shafiee, Thomas Morstyn. Guest Editorial Model Predictive Control in Energy Conversion Systems. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2021; 36 (2):1311-1312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomislav Dragicevic; Alessandra Parisio; Jose Rodriguez; Colin Jones; Daniel Quevedo; Luca Ferrarini; Matthias Preindl; Qobad Shafiee; Thomas Morstyn. 2021. "Guest Editorial Model Predictive Control in Energy Conversion Systems." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 36, no. 2: 1311-1312.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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Accurate state estimation is essential for correct supervision of power grids. With the existence of cyber-attacks, state estimation become inaccurate which leads to wrong supervisory decision making. To detect cyber-attacks in power grids equipped with PMUs, a new intrusion detection system based on clustering approach (PMUIDS) is proposed. After solving the optimal PMU placement in N-1 contingency, several state estimations are obtained by removing the measurements of one PMU in each time. The resulting state vectors are clustered in two steps: Subtractive clustering is employed to obtain the number of clusters which determines the number of integrity attacks, Fuzzy C-means clustering assigns the state vectors to the corresponding clusters which determines the attacked PMUs. Also, two theorems are proved which indicate that the attacker cannot coordinate successful stealth attacks in cases that by removing attacked PMUs from state estimation, the power system still remains fully observable. Furthermore, in the case of possible stealth attacks, the attacker cannot falsify the estimation of any arbitrary state variable. The hardware-in-the-loop results on a power system show that the proposed approach detects integrity attacks, determine the number of attacks, obtain the correct state vector, and localize the attacks in case of multiple simultaneous attacks.

ACS Style

Zahra Sadat Khalafi; Maryam Dehghani; Abdullah Khalili; Ashkan Sami; Navid Vafamand; Tomislav Dragicevic. Intrusion Detection, Measurement Correction, and Attack Localization of PMU Networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2021, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Zahra Sadat Khalafi, Maryam Dehghani, Abdullah Khalili, Ashkan Sami, Navid Vafamand, Tomislav Dragicevic. Intrusion Detection, Measurement Correction, and Attack Localization of PMU Networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2021; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zahra Sadat Khalafi; Maryam Dehghani; Abdullah Khalili; Ashkan Sami; Navid Vafamand; Tomislav Dragicevic. 2021. "Intrusion Detection, Measurement Correction, and Attack Localization of PMU Networks." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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This paper develops a novel decentralized controller for multi-area secondary load frequency control (LFC) of power systems. The proposed robust-adaptive approach estimates the external disturbance input and uncertainties, which are assumed to be matched with the control input. In this regard, a disturbance-observer state-feedback controller is designed. To offer a systematic approach, controller design conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. Thereby, for any given representation of the LFC area, the controller gains can be straightforwardly obtained by using numerical solvers. Moreover, in order to enhance the steady-state performance, the controller is modified through the heuristic genetic algorithm (GA). The controller design procedure is wholly offline and can be simply implemented. The developed decentralized approach does not need the information of the other areas, which reduces the cost and the number of measuring units. It is also robust against the power fluctuations of the load and renewable energy sources. To show the superiorities of the developed controller, four scenarios are considered. These scenarios comprise the aggregation of the photovoltaic, wind turbines, and electric vehicle (EV) to the power system. OPAL-RT experiments are given to verify the transient and steady-state performance and robustness of the proposed controller.

ACS Style

Navid Vafamand; Mohammad Mehdi Arefi; Mohammad Hassan Asemani; Tomislav Dragicevic. Decentralized Robust Disturbance-Observer based LFC of Interconnected Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2021, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Navid Vafamand, Mohammad Mehdi Arefi, Mohammad Hassan Asemani, Tomislav Dragicevic. Decentralized Robust Disturbance-Observer based LFC of Interconnected Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2021; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Navid Vafamand; Mohammad Mehdi Arefi; Mohammad Hassan Asemani; Tomislav Dragicevic. 2021. "Decentralized Robust Disturbance-Observer based LFC of Interconnected Systems." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion
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The implementation of finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) in voltage source inverters (VSIs) can make the system suffer from poor current harmonics performance, which may complicate the design of the required AC filter. To overcome this shortcoming, a carrier-based modulated model predictive control (CB-MMPC) strategy is proposed in this paper. This method enables the utilization of existing PWM modulation techniques with FCS-MPC, where a modulation waveform with zero-sequence signal injection is generated and compared to a triangular carrier wave, while optimizing the selection of the switching states. As it is shown, the studied CB-MMPC strategy not only considerably improves the current total harmonic distortion (THD) but also attains the performance of fast current dynamic response and robustness as the traditional FCS-MPC. Herein, the detailed implementation of the CB-MMPC control strategy is given, while considering its application to the current feedback control loop of a three-phase three-wire two-level VSI modulated at constant switching frequency. Finally, PLECS circuit simulation and a 3-kW VSI prototype are used to verify the superiority and the effectiveness of the presented CB-MMPC strategy. This is also benchmarked to the FCS-MPC and dead-beat based controllers.

ACS Style

Junzhong Xu; Thiago Batista Soeiro; Fei Gao; Linglin Chen; Hou-Jun Tang; Pavol Bauer; Tomislav Dragicevic. Carrier-Based Modulated Model Predictive Control Strategy for Three-Phase Two-Level VSIs. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2021, 36, 1673 -1687.

AMA Style

Junzhong Xu, Thiago Batista Soeiro, Fei Gao, Linglin Chen, Hou-Jun Tang, Pavol Bauer, Tomislav Dragicevic. Carrier-Based Modulated Model Predictive Control Strategy for Three-Phase Two-Level VSIs. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2021; 36 (3):1673-1687.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junzhong Xu; Thiago Batista Soeiro; Fei Gao; Linglin Chen; Hou-Jun Tang; Pavol Bauer; Tomislav Dragicevic. 2021. "Carrier-Based Modulated Model Predictive Control Strategy for Three-Phase Two-Level VSIs." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 36, no. 3: 1673-1687.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2021 in IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics
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DC microgrids have higher efficiency, better current carrying capacity, and faster response compared to the conventional ac systems. They also provide more natural interface with many types of renewable energy resources (RERs) and energy storage systems (ESSs), as well as better compliance with consumer electronics. These facts lead to increased applications of dc microgrid-type power architectures in remote households, data/telecom centers, renewable energy systems, electric vehicle charging stations, ships, aircrafts, and so on. Bidirectional dc/dc power converters (BDCs) constitute the fundamental building blocks of dc microgrids. They can be isolated or non-isolated and operated independently or in parallel to manage the power flow between sources and the dc microgrid. They can also be stacked together to operate in the so-called solid-state transformer architecture, which manages the power flow between dc microgrid and the upstream distribution network. The reliability, stability, efficiency, and power density of the BDC become very crucial for the dc microgrids. There are thus increasing research efforts made on the topology, modeling, control, and reliability of the BDC.

ACS Style

Tomislav Dragicevic; Dmitri Vinnikov. Guest Editorial Special Issue on Topology, Modeling, Control, and Reliability of Bidirectional DC/DC Converters in DC Microgrids. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 2021, 9, 1188 -1191.

AMA Style

Tomislav Dragicevic, Dmitri Vinnikov. Guest Editorial Special Issue on Topology, Modeling, Control, and Reliability of Bidirectional DC/DC Converters in DC Microgrids. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. 2021; 9 (2):1188-1191.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomislav Dragicevic; Dmitri Vinnikov. 2021. "Guest Editorial Special Issue on Topology, Modeling, Control, and Reliability of Bidirectional DC/DC Converters in DC Microgrids." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 9, no. 2: 1188-1191.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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With the high penetration of the power electronic loads in the grid, the stability of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) devices are greatly challenged. However, the conventional control methods for the modular multilevel converter (MMC) based STATCOM only consider the stability with small signal disturbances. This paper proposes a novel dual-layer back-stepping control (BSC) for the MMC based STATCOM. In the first layer, the BSC aims to regulate the sum of the capacitor energy and the reactive output current. In the second layer, the BSC aims to control the circulating current. Therefore, the proposed method possesses a fast dynamic response and accurate tracking with the Lyapunov stability of the MMC based STATCOM. Compared with the arm-control-based back-stepping control for MMC based inverters, the proposed method has a simplified structure and a reduced computation burden. In addition, the proposed method realizes the decoupled control between the output current and the circulating current. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, its robustness towards different circuit parameters and the operation ability under unbalanced grid fault is also verified.

ACS Style

Yu Jin; Qian Xiao; Hongjie Jia; Yunfei Mu; Yanchao Ji; Remus Teodorescu; Tomislav Dragicevic. A Dual-Layer Back-Stepping Control Method for Lyapunov Stability in Modular Multilevel Converter based STATCOM. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2021, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Yu Jin, Qian Xiao, Hongjie Jia, Yunfei Mu, Yanchao Ji, Remus Teodorescu, Tomislav Dragicevic. A Dual-Layer Back-Stepping Control Method for Lyapunov Stability in Modular Multilevel Converter based STATCOM. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2021; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu Jin; Qian Xiao; Hongjie Jia; Yunfei Mu; Yanchao Ji; Remus Teodorescu; Tomislav Dragicevic. 2021. "A Dual-Layer Back-Stepping Control Method for Lyapunov Stability in Modular Multilevel Converter based STATCOM." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 09 February 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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For several reasons, particularly due to the mismatch in the feeder impedance, accurate power sharing in islanded microgrids is a challenging task. To get around this problem, a distributed event-triggered power sharing control strategy is proposed in this paper. The suggested technique adaptively regulates the virtual impedances at both fundamental positive/negative sequence and harmonic frequencies and, therefore, accurately share the reactive, unbalanced, and harmonics powers among distributed generation (DG) units. The proposed method requires no information of feeder impedance and involves exchanging information between units at only event-triggered times, which reduces the communication burden without affecting the system performance. The stability and inter-event interval are analyzed in this paper. Finally, experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

ACS Style

Jinghang Lu; Ming Zhao; Saeed Golestan; Tomislav Dragicevic; Xuewei Pan; Josep M. Guerrero. Distributed Event-triggered Control for Reactive, Unbalanced and Harmonic Power Sharing in Islanded AC Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2021, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Jinghang Lu, Ming Zhao, Saeed Golestan, Tomislav Dragicevic, Xuewei Pan, Josep M. Guerrero. Distributed Event-triggered Control for Reactive, Unbalanced and Harmonic Power Sharing in Islanded AC Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2021; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinghang Lu; Ming Zhao; Saeed Golestan; Tomislav Dragicevic; Xuewei Pan; Josep M. Guerrero. 2021. "Distributed Event-triggered Control for Reactive, Unbalanced and Harmonic Power Sharing in Islanded AC Microgrids." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2021 in IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics
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Active thermal control has been introduced to regulate the steady state and reduce the transient thermal mechanical stress in power electronic modules. Specifically, it can equally distribute the temperature among the devices, thereby better distributing the stress among a set of devices and reducing the failure probability in the most thermally-stressed devices. This is of great importance for multilevel topologies and in particular for the Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) topologies, which have an inherent thermal unbalance among devices of the same phase. In hybrid structures, whereby Si and SiC devices are mixed to achieve a better trade-off between efficiency and cost, this problem is even worse due to technology differences. This paper investigates the advantages introduced by using Finite-Set Model Predictive Control (FS-MPC) algorithms designed for achieving a balanced device junction temperature in hybrid NPC and Active-NPC converters. Moreover, a novel setup composed by a hybrid ANPC based power modules is used to experimentally validate the presented FS-MPC algorithm. A lifetime estimation is performed for the two topologies to highlight the long-term benefits of FS-MPC algorithm in these hybrid topologies for UPS applications.

ACS Style

Mateja Novak; Victor Ferreira; Markus Andresen; Tomislav Gae Dragicevic; Frede Ge Blaabjerg; Marco Ge Liserre. FS-MPC Based Thermal Stress Balancing and Reliability Analysis for NPC Converters. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics 2021, 2, 124 -137.

AMA Style

Mateja Novak, Victor Ferreira, Markus Andresen, Tomislav Gae Dragicevic, Frede Ge Blaabjerg, Marco Ge Liserre. FS-MPC Based Thermal Stress Balancing and Reliability Analysis for NPC Converters. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics. 2021; 2 (99):124-137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mateja Novak; Victor Ferreira; Markus Andresen; Tomislav Gae Dragicevic; Frede Ge Blaabjerg; Marco Ge Liserre. 2021. "FS-MPC Based Thermal Stress Balancing and Reliability Analysis for NPC Converters." IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics 2, no. 99: 124-137.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion
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Energy storage systems (ESS) are being considered to overcome issues in modern grids, caused by increasing penetration of renewable generation. Nevertheless, integration of ESS should also be supplemented with an optimal energy management framework to ensure maximum benefits from ESS. Conventional energy management of battery, used with PV system, maximises self-consumption but does not mitigate grid congestion or address battery degradation. Model predictive control (MPC) can alleviate congestion, degradation while maximizing self-consumption. As such, studies will be carried out,in this work, to highlight the improvement with MPC based energy management over conventional method using simulations of one-year system behaviour. As MPC uses forecast information in decision making, the impact of forecast uncertainties will be assessed and addressing the same through constraint tightening will be presented. It is concluded that MPC provides improvement in system behaviour over multiple performance criteria.

ACS Style

Unnikrishnan Raveendran Nair; Monika Sandelic; Ariya Sangwongwanich; Tomislav Dragicevic; Ramon Costa-Castello; Frede Blaabjerg. An Analysis of Multi Objective Energy Scheduling in PV-BESS System Under Prediction Uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2021, 36, 2276 -2286.

AMA Style

Unnikrishnan Raveendran Nair, Monika Sandelic, Ariya Sangwongwanich, Tomislav Dragicevic, Ramon Costa-Castello, Frede Blaabjerg. An Analysis of Multi Objective Energy Scheduling in PV-BESS System Under Prediction Uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2021; 36 (3):2276-2286.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Unnikrishnan Raveendran Nair; Monika Sandelic; Ariya Sangwongwanich; Tomislav Dragicevic; Ramon Costa-Castello; Frede Blaabjerg. 2021. "An Analysis of Multi Objective Energy Scheduling in PV-BESS System Under Prediction Uncertainty." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 36, no. 3: 2276-2286.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
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The rapid development and implementation of distributed control algorithms for DC microgrids has increased the vulnerability of this type of system to false data injection attacks, being one of the most prominent types of cyber attacks. This fact has motivated the development of different false data detection and impact mitigation strategies. A common approach for the detection is based on implementing an observer that can achieve a reliable estimation of the system states. However, approaches available in the literature assume that the underlying microgrid model is linear, which is generally not the case, specially when the DC microgrid supplies nonlinear constant power loads (CPLs). Consequently, this work proposes a distributed non-linear observer approach that can robustly detect and reconstruct the applied false data attack in the DC microgrid's current sensors and cyber-links, even in the presence of local unknown CPLs. First, the system is transformed into an observable form. Second, a high-order sliding-mode observer is implemented to estimate the system states and CPL, even in the presence of false data. Finally, the estimation is used to reconstruct the attack signal. The robustness of the proposed strategy is validated through numerical simulations and in an experimental prototype under measurement noise, uncertainty and communication delays.

ACS Style

Andreu Cecilia; Subham Sahoo; Tomislav Dragicevic; Ramon Costa-Castello; Frede Blaabjerg. Detection and Mitigation of False Data in Cooperative DC Microgrids With Unknown Constant Power Loads. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2021, 36, 9565 -9577.

AMA Style

Andreu Cecilia, Subham Sahoo, Tomislav Dragicevic, Ramon Costa-Castello, Frede Blaabjerg. Detection and Mitigation of False Data in Cooperative DC Microgrids With Unknown Constant Power Loads. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2021; 36 (8):9565-9577.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreu Cecilia; Subham Sahoo; Tomislav Dragicevic; Ramon Costa-Castello; Frede Blaabjerg. 2021. "Detection and Mitigation of False Data in Cooperative DC Microgrids With Unknown Constant Power Loads." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 8: 9565-9577.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
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Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is a promising solution for inertia support of the future electricity grid. However, the power variation in power electronic interface converters caused by VSG emulation increases the stress on power semiconductor devices and hence has a negative impact on their reliability. Unlike existing works that only consider stability for VSG control design, this paper proposes a double-artificial neural network (ANN) based method considering simultaneously the reliability and stability. First, a representative frequency profile is generated to extract various VSG power injection profiles under different inertia values through detailed simulations. Next, a functional relationship between inertia parameter (H) and lifetime consumption (LC) of VSG is established by the proposed double-ANN reliability model: $ANN_t$ provides fast and accurate thermal modeling from a given operating profile; With the aid of $ANN_t$ , $ANN_{LC}$ is built for fast and accurate estimation of LC for different inertia parameters in the next step. The proposed approach not only provides a guideline for parameter design given a certain LC requirement, but can also be used for optimal design of VSG parameter considering reliability and other factors. The proposed technique is applied to a grid-connected VSG system as a demonstration example.

ACS Style

Qianwen Xu; Tomislav Dragicevic; Lihua Xie; Frede Blaabjerg. Artificial Intelligence-Based Control Design for Reliable Virtual Synchronous Generators. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2021, 36, 9453 -9464.

AMA Style

Qianwen Xu, Tomislav Dragicevic, Lihua Xie, Frede Blaabjerg. Artificial Intelligence-Based Control Design for Reliable Virtual Synchronous Generators. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2021; 36 (8):9453-9464.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qianwen Xu; Tomislav Dragicevic; Lihua Xie; Frede Blaabjerg. 2021. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Control Design for Reliable Virtual Synchronous Generators." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 8: 9453-9464.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2021 in IEEE Access
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Model predictive control (MPC) method has been recognized as one of the most promising technologies for the modular multilevel converter (MMC) due to the fast dynamic response and its simple realization. However, conventional finite control set (FCS) MPC methods for MMC are facing some challenges, such as high computation burden, poor steady-state performance, dependence on weighting factors, and variable switching frequency. In order to solve these problems, a novel sliding-discrete-control-set (SDCS) modulated MPC (MMPC) is proposed for MMC in this paper. Based on the adaptive search step in the output current control, only three control sets are evaluated in each period. In addition, the independent circulating current controller is applied in the proposed MMPC method. With the circulating current controller, the circulating currents are well regulated, and the arm capacitor voltage balancing is realized by circulating current injection. As a result, there is no weighting factor involved in the proposed MMPC method. Compared with the conventional MPC methods, the proposed method obtains a fixed switching frequency in each submodule (SM) and a low comparable computation burden. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

ACS Style

Yu Jin; Qian Xiao; Hongjie Jia; Yunfei Mu; Yanchao Ji; Tomislav Dragieevic; Remus Teodorescu; Frede Blaabjerg. A Novel Sliding-Discrete-Control-Set Modulated Model Predictive Control for Modular Multilevel Converter. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 10316 -10327.

AMA Style

Yu Jin, Qian Xiao, Hongjie Jia, Yunfei Mu, Yanchao Ji, Tomislav Dragieevic, Remus Teodorescu, Frede Blaabjerg. A Novel Sliding-Discrete-Control-Set Modulated Model Predictive Control for Modular Multilevel Converter. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():10316-10327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu Jin; Qian Xiao; Hongjie Jia; Yunfei Mu; Yanchao Ji; Tomislav Dragieevic; Remus Teodorescu; Frede Blaabjerg. 2021. "A Novel Sliding-Discrete-Control-Set Modulated Model Predictive Control for Modular Multilevel Converter." IEEE Access 9, no. : 10316-10327.