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Dr. Juris Burlakovs
University of Latvia

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Journal article
Published: 20 August 2021 in Crystals
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The reaction of 1,3-Diisobutyl thiourea (Tu) with metal salts, {[CuX (X = Cl, I)], [ZnCl2] and [HgI2] in an appropriate stoichiometric ratio afforded the corresponding metal complexes [Tu2CuCl] (1), [Tu3CuI] (2), [Tu2ZnCl2] (3) and [Tu2HgI2] (4) in good yields. The FT-IR data show typically broad signals (3278–3288 cm−1) attributed to the involvement of NH bonds in extensive hydrogen bonding. The structures of complexes were proposed based on a spectroscopic data set. Compounds 1 and 2 were additionally characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Complexes 1–4 were tested for their free radical scavenging efficiency using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (hereafter abbreviated as DPPH). The free radical scavenging activity was a function of decrease in the resultant absorption of DPPH solution after the mixing of an appropriate concentration of the respective complex. The activity of complexes was determined to be dose dependent and increased concentration of the complex resulted in improved antioxidant activity. Compound 1 was found to be the most efficient, with 79.9% free radical scavenging activity. Complexes were also tested for their efficiency against selected strains of bacteria (E. coli, S. flexneri, S. typhi, and P. aeruginosa) and the activities were compared to commercially available standard drug cephradine. Compound 1 was more active against P.aeruginosa (ZI 13.25), while compound 4 was found to be more active against E. coli (ZI 11.0), S. flexneri (ZI 11.2), and S. typhi (ZI 10.5).

ACS Style

Adnan Shahzad; Ezzat Khan; Muhammad Said; Gul Shazada Khan; Mian Gul Syed; Awal Noor; Muhammad Zahoor; Riaz Ullah; Ahmed Bari. Complexes of 1,3-Diisobutyl Thiourea with Copper(I), Zinc(II) and Mercury(II): Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Evaluation. Crystals 2021, 11, 989 .

AMA Style

Adnan Shahzad, Ezzat Khan, Muhammad Said, Gul Shazada Khan, Mian Gul Syed, Awal Noor, Muhammad Zahoor, Riaz Ullah, Ahmed Bari. Complexes of 1,3-Diisobutyl Thiourea with Copper(I), Zinc(II) and Mercury(II): Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Evaluation. Crystals. 2021; 11 (8):989.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adnan Shahzad; Ezzat Khan; Muhammad Said; Gul Shazada Khan; Mian Gul Syed; Awal Noor; Muhammad Zahoor; Riaz Ullah; Ahmed Bari. 2021. "Complexes of 1,3-Diisobutyl Thiourea with Copper(I), Zinc(II) and Mercury(II): Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Evaluation." Crystals 11, no. 8: 989.

Journal article
Published: 16 August 2021 in Life
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The Aquifoliaceae is an important family and has been used traditionally for some time. One of the members of this family is the Ilex dipyrena wall, which itself possesses a potential medicinal importance. This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments including pain, swelling, burns, and fever. The current study was designed to screen out the antioxidant and analgesic potential of this plant and to verify its traditional uses, along with its phytochemical profile. Extracts were subjected to antioxidant, analgesic, and phytochemical analysis using DPPH, chemical-induced (acetic acid and formalin) nociception models and GC-MS analysis, respectively. The leaf, bark, and fruit extracts showed significant antioxidant activity compared to that of standard. Likewise, all the extracts demonstrated significant (p< 0.01) analgesic activity in a mice model. In acetic acid induced analgesia, the leaf, bark, and fruit extracts caused 51.64, 56.13 and 59.52% inhibition, respectively at a dose of 100 mg/kg while at 200 mg/kg it showed 83.01, 71.69 and 75.47% inhibition, respectively. In Formalin-induced paw-licking assay, fruit extract showed 59.42 and 64.19% inhibition at 200 mg/kg dose in the first and second phase, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of cathinone, phenylpropanolamine, dl-phenylephrine, amphetamine, myristic acid, and palmitic acid. Results of the study suggest that crude extracts from different parts of this plant may be a useful source for the development of novel analgesics. However, further investigation in terms of isolation of bioactive compounds and their toxicological evaluations are needed to validate the observed results.

ACS Style

Amjad Ali; Atif Ali Khan Khalil; Fazli Khuda; Nausheen Nazir; Riaz Ullah; Ahmed Bari; Adnan Haider; Syed Babar Jamal; Sareer Ahmad; Zahid Khan; Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah; Syed Wadood Ali Shah; Abdul Nasir; Abid Ali; Muhammad Zahoor; Samin Jan. Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Leaf, Bark and Fruit Extracts from Ilex dipyrena Wall. Life 2021, 11, 837 .

AMA Style

Amjad Ali, Atif Ali Khan Khalil, Fazli Khuda, Nausheen Nazir, Riaz Ullah, Ahmed Bari, Adnan Haider, Syed Babar Jamal, Sareer Ahmad, Zahid Khan, Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah, Syed Wadood Ali Shah, Abdul Nasir, Abid Ali, Muhammad Zahoor, Samin Jan. Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Leaf, Bark and Fruit Extracts from Ilex dipyrena Wall. Life. 2021; 11 (8):837.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amjad Ali; Atif Ali Khan Khalil; Fazli Khuda; Nausheen Nazir; Riaz Ullah; Ahmed Bari; Adnan Haider; Syed Babar Jamal; Sareer Ahmad; Zahid Khan; Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah; Syed Wadood Ali Shah; Abdul Nasir; Abid Ali; Muhammad Zahoor; Samin Jan. 2021. "Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Leaf, Bark and Fruit Extracts from Ilex dipyrena Wall." Life 11, no. 8: 837.

Review
Published: 14 August 2021 in Water
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Recent developments in nanoscience have appreciably modified how diseases are prevented, diagnosed, and treated. Metal nanoparticles, specifically silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are widely used in bioscience. From time to time, various synthetic methods for the synthesis of AgNPs are reported, i.e., physical, chemical, and photochemical ones. However, among these, most are expensive and not eco-friendly. The physicochemical parameters such as temperature, use of a dispersing agent, surfactant, and others greatly influence the quality and quantity of the synthesized NPs and ultimately affect the material’s properties. Scientists worldwide are trying to synthesize NPs and are devising methods that are easy to apply, eco-friendly, and economical. Among such strategies is the biogenic method, where plants are used as the source of reducing and capping agents. In this review, we intend to debate different strategies of AgNP synthesis. Although, different preparation strategies are in use to synthesize AgNPs such as electron irradiation, optical device ablation, chemical reduction, organic procedures, and photochemical methods. However, biogenic processes are preferably used, as they are environment-friendly and economical. The review covers a comprehensive discussion on the biological activities of AgNPs, such as antimicrobial, anticancer anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic potentials of AgNPs. The use of AgNPs in water treatment and disinfection has also been discussed in detail.

ACS Style

Muhammad Zahoor; Nausheen Nazir; Muhammad Iftikhar; Sumaira Naz; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Faheem Uddin; Abdul Waheed Kamran; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Farhat Ali Khan. A Review on Silver Nanoparticles: Classification, Various Methods of Synthesis, and Their Potential Roles in Biomedical Applications and Water Treatment. Water 2021, 13, 2216 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Zahoor, Nausheen Nazir, Muhammad Iftikhar, Sumaira Naz, Ivar Zekker, Juris Burlakovs, Faheem Uddin, Abdul Waheed Kamran, Anna Kallistova, Nikolai Pimenov, Farhat Ali Khan. A Review on Silver Nanoparticles: Classification, Various Methods of Synthesis, and Their Potential Roles in Biomedical Applications and Water Treatment. Water. 2021; 13 (16):2216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Zahoor; Nausheen Nazir; Muhammad Iftikhar; Sumaira Naz; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Faheem Uddin; Abdul Waheed Kamran; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Farhat Ali Khan. 2021. "A Review on Silver Nanoparticles: Classification, Various Methods of Synthesis, and Their Potential Roles in Biomedical Applications and Water Treatment." Water 13, no. 16: 2216.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2021 in Horticulturae
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Antioxidants isolated from plants have attracted the interest of clinicians and common people to be used for systemic uses rather than synthetic antioxidants because of their active role in maintaining human health with minimal side effects. Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. is an important medicinal plant native to western Himalaya and is widely distributed throughout Pakistan. The present study evaluates the phytochemical composition of this plant using HPLC along with the total content of phenolics and flavonoids. The antioxidant activities were determined following the Brand William assay. The methanolic extract (Met. Ext) of leaves, stem bark, seeds, and roots of A. nitida were used to scavenge synthetic free radicals such as DPPH and ABTS. From HPLC fingerprinting of the A. nitida selected portion, six possible phytochemicals were confirmed. Among the identified phytochemicals, there are six compounds (malic acid, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, ellagic acid and pyrogallol) in the leaves of A. nitida, three (epigallocatechin gallate, ellagic acid, and pyrogallol) in the stem bark, six in the seeds (malic acid, vitamin C, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, ellagic acid, and pyrogallol), and five (malic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, and ellagic acid) in root. Comparatively, the highest antioxidant potentials were recorded for the leaves extract (IC50 of 340 and 645 µg/mL against DPPH and ABTS, respectively). The percentages of inhibition were compared with the positive control ascorbic acid, which produced an IC50 value of 60 μg/mL each against the free radicals DPPH and ABTS. The highest phenolics (43.81 mg GAE/g sample) were found in the roots, while the highest flavonoid contents (53.25 mg QE/g sample) were in the leaves. It was assumed that observed antioxidant potentials of the tested plant might be due to their phytochemicals confirmed through HPLC, and thus, this plant may be a valuable candidate in treating oxidative stress and related disorders. However, further investigations are needed to isolate responsible components in pure from. Furthermore, toxicological effects in in vivo animal models are also needed to confirm the results observed in this study.

ACS Style

Javed Khan; Abdul Majid; Nausheen Nazir; Mohammad Nisar; Atif Khan Khalil; Muhammad Zahoor; Mohammad Ihsan; Riaz Ullah; Ahmed Bari; Abdul Shah. HPLC Characterization of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential of Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 232 .

AMA Style

Javed Khan, Abdul Majid, Nausheen Nazir, Mohammad Nisar, Atif Khan Khalil, Muhammad Zahoor, Mohammad Ihsan, Riaz Ullah, Ahmed Bari, Abdul Shah. HPLC Characterization of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential of Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (8):232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javed Khan; Abdul Majid; Nausheen Nazir; Mohammad Nisar; Atif Khan Khalil; Muhammad Zahoor; Mohammad Ihsan; Riaz Ullah; Ahmed Bari; Abdul Shah. 2021. "HPLC Characterization of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential of Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl." Horticulturae 7, no. 8: 232.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2021 in Antibiotics
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Cocrystallization is a promising approach to alter physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (hereafter abbreviated as APIs) bearing poor profile. Nowadays pharmaceutical industries are focused on preparing drug-drug cocrystals of APIs that are often prescribed in combination therapies by physicians. Physicians normally prescribe antibiotic with an analgesic/antipyretic drug to combat several ailments in a better and more efficient way. In this work, azithromycin (AZT) and paracetamol (PCM) cocrystals were prepared in 1:1 molar ratio using slow solvent evaporation method. The cocrystals were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Vibrational spectroscopy and DSC confirmed that both APIs interact physically and showed chemical compatibility, while PXRD pattern of the starting material and products revealed that cocrystal have in a unique crystalline phase. The degree of hydration was confirmed by TGA analysis and result indicates monohydrate cocrystal formation. The HPLC analysis confirmed equimolar ratio of AZT:PCM in the cocrystal. The in vitro dissolution rate, saturation solubility, and antimicrobial activity were evaluated for AZT dihydrate and the resulting cocrystals. The cocrystals exhibited better dissolution rate, solubility and enhanced biological activities.

ACS Style

Noor Ul Islam; Ezzat Khan; Muhammad Naveed Umar; Attaullah Shah; Muhammad Zahoor; Riaz Ullah; Ahmed Bari. Enhancing Dissolution Rate and Antibacterial Efficiency of Azithromycin through Drug-Drug Cocrystals with Paracetamol. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 939 .

AMA Style

Noor Ul Islam, Ezzat Khan, Muhammad Naveed Umar, Attaullah Shah, Muhammad Zahoor, Riaz Ullah, Ahmed Bari. Enhancing Dissolution Rate and Antibacterial Efficiency of Azithromycin through Drug-Drug Cocrystals with Paracetamol. Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (8):939.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noor Ul Islam; Ezzat Khan; Muhammad Naveed Umar; Attaullah Shah; Muhammad Zahoor; Riaz Ullah; Ahmed Bari. 2021. "Enhancing Dissolution Rate and Antibacterial Efficiency of Azithromycin through Drug-Drug Cocrystals with Paracetamol." Antibiotics 10, no. 8: 939.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2021 in Water
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In this study, Ailanthus altissima sawdust was chemically activated and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X rays (EDX), and surface area analyzer. The sawdust was used as an adsorbent for the removal of azo dye; Acid Yellow 29 (AY 29) from wastewater. Different kinetic and equilibrium models were used to calculate the adsorption parameters. Among the applied models, the more suitable model was Freundlich with maximum adsorption capacities of 9.464, 12.798, and 11.46 mg/g at 20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C respectively while R2 values close to 1. Moreover, the kinetic data was best fitted in pseudo second order kinetic model with high R2 values approaching to 1. Furthermore, adsorption thermodynamics parameters such as free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were calculated and the adsorption process was found to be exothermic with a value of ∆H° = −9.981 KJ mol−1, spontaneous that was concluded from ΔG° values which were negative (−0.275, −3.422, and −6.171 KJ mol−1 at 20, 30, and 40 °C respectively). A positive entropy change ∆S° with a value of 0.0363 KJ mol−1 indicated the increase disorder during adsorption process. It was concluded that the activated sawdust could be used as a suitable adsorbent for the removal of waste material, especially dyes from polluted waters.

ACS Style

Najeeb Rahman; Ihsan Ullah; Sultan Alam; Muhammad Khan; Luqman Shah; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Zane Vincevica-Gaile; Yahya Jani; Mohammad Zahoor. Activated Ailanthusaltissima Sawdust as Adsorbent for Removal of Acid Yellow 29 from Wastewater: Kinetics Approach. Water 2021, 13, 2136 .

AMA Style

Najeeb Rahman, Ihsan Ullah, Sultan Alam, Muhammad Khan, Luqman Shah, Ivar Zekker, Juris Burlakovs, Anna Kallistova, Nikolai Pimenov, Zane Vincevica-Gaile, Yahya Jani, Mohammad Zahoor. Activated Ailanthusaltissima Sawdust as Adsorbent for Removal of Acid Yellow 29 from Wastewater: Kinetics Approach. Water. 2021; 13 (15):2136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Najeeb Rahman; Ihsan Ullah; Sultan Alam; Muhammad Khan; Luqman Shah; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Zane Vincevica-Gaile; Yahya Jani; Mohammad Zahoor. 2021. "Activated Ailanthusaltissima Sawdust as Adsorbent for Removal of Acid Yellow 29 from Wastewater: Kinetics Approach." Water 13, no. 15: 2136.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2021 in Molecules
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In this study six unsymmetrical thiourea derivatives, 1-isobutyl-3-cyclohexylthiourea (1), 1-tert-butyl-3-cyclohexylthiourea (2), 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclohexylthiourea (3), 1-(1,1-dibutyl)-3-phenylthiourea (4), 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylthiourea (5) and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylthiourea (6) were obtained in the laboratory under aerobic conditions. Compounds 3 and 4 are crystalline and their structure was determined for their single crystal. Compounds 3 is monoclinic system with space group P21/n while compound 4 is trigonal, space group R3:H. Compounds (1–6) were tested for their anti-cholinesterase activity against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (hereafter abbreviated as, AChE and BChE, respectively). Potentials (all compounds) as sensing probes for determination of deadly toxic metal (mercury) using spectrofluorimetric technique were also investigated. Compound 3 exhibited better enzyme inhibition IC50 values of 50, and 60 µg/mL against AChE and BChE with docking score of −10.01, and −8.04 kJ/mol, respectively. The compound also showed moderate sensitivity during fluorescence studies.

ACS Style

Faizan Rahman; Maryam Bibi; Ezzat Khan; Abdul Shah; Mian Muhammad; Muhammad Tahir; Adnan Shahzad; Farhat Ullah; Muhammad Zahoor; Salman Alamery; Gaber Batiha. Thiourea Derivatives, Simple in Structure but Efficient Enzyme Inhibitors and Mercury Sensors. Molecules 2021, 26, 4506 .

AMA Style

Faizan Rahman, Maryam Bibi, Ezzat Khan, Abdul Shah, Mian Muhammad, Muhammad Tahir, Adnan Shahzad, Farhat Ullah, Muhammad Zahoor, Salman Alamery, Gaber Batiha. Thiourea Derivatives, Simple in Structure but Efficient Enzyme Inhibitors and Mercury Sensors. Molecules. 2021; 26 (15):4506.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faizan Rahman; Maryam Bibi; Ezzat Khan; Abdul Shah; Mian Muhammad; Muhammad Tahir; Adnan Shahzad; Farhat Ullah; Muhammad Zahoor; Salman Alamery; Gaber Batiha. 2021. "Thiourea Derivatives, Simple in Structure but Efficient Enzyme Inhibitors and Mercury Sensors." Molecules 26, no. 15: 4506.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2021 in Molecules
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The increase in resistance of microbes against conventional drugs is currently a hot issue, whereas diabetes is another main cause of mortalities encountered throughout the world after cancer and heart attacks. New drug sources in the form of plants are investigated to get effective drugs for the mentioned diseases with minimum side effects. Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. is a medicinal plant used for the management of stress related disorders like diabetes and other health complications. The active constituents of the chloroform extract derived from E. umbellata berries was isolated by silica gel column chromatography which were identified as morin, phloroglucinol, and 1-hexyl benzene through various spectroscopic techniques (electron ionization mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy). The possible protective effects (antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activity) of isolated compounds were evaluated using reported methods. Morin exhibited strong in vitro antiradical potential against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals along with prominent antibacterial activities against selected bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis). Among the isolated compounds the more potent one (morin) was assessed for its in vivo antidiabetic potential in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. The in vivo effects observed were further confirmed in ex vivo experiments where the effect of isolated compound on antioxidant enzyme like glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total content of reduced glutathione (GSH), % DPPH inhibition, and the lipid peroxidation MDA (Malondialdehyde) level in pancreatic tissues homogenates were evaluated. In vivo morin at tested doses (2, 10, 15, 30 and 50 mg/kg body weight) significantly restored the alterations in the levels of fasting blood glucose level and body weight loss along with significant decrease in levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, HbA1c level, and significantly increased the high-density lipoprotein in diabetic rats. Morin also effectively ameliorated the hepatic enzymes, and renal functions like serum creatinine. Morin significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme like GPx activity, GSH content, and % DPPH inhibition activity, while reduced the lipid peroxidation MDA (malondialdehyde) level in pancreatic tissues homogenates, and modification of histopathological changes in diabetic rats. Morin exhibited high antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic potentials as compared to phloroglucinol and 1-hexyl benzene, that could, therefore, be considered as a promising therapeutic agent to treat diabetes mellitus and bacterial infections.

ACS Style

Nausheen Nazir; Muhammad Zahoor; Mohammad Nisar; Imran Khan; Riaz Ullah; Amal Alotaibi. Antioxidants Isolated from Elaeagnus umbellata (Thunb.) Protect against Bacterial Infections and Diabetes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model. Molecules 2021, 26, 4464 .

AMA Style

Nausheen Nazir, Muhammad Zahoor, Mohammad Nisar, Imran Khan, Riaz Ullah, Amal Alotaibi. Antioxidants Isolated from Elaeagnus umbellata (Thunb.) Protect against Bacterial Infections and Diabetes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model. Molecules. 2021; 26 (15):4464.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nausheen Nazir; Muhammad Zahoor; Mohammad Nisar; Imran Khan; Riaz Ullah; Amal Alotaibi. 2021. "Antioxidants Isolated from Elaeagnus umbellata (Thunb.) Protect against Bacterial Infections and Diabetes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model." Molecules 26, no. 15: 4464.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2021 in Catalysts
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The selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes has attracted a lot of attention because of its potential use in agrochemicals, fragrances, and fine chemicals. However, due to homogenous catalysis, low yield, low selectivity, and hazardous oxidants, traditional approaches have lost their efficiency. The co-precipitation method was used to synthesize the silver-cobalt bimetallic catalyst supported on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ag-Co/S). Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the catalyst. For the oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol (CA) with O2 as an oxidant, the catalyst’s selectivity and activity were investigated. The impacts of several parameters on catalyst’s selectivity and activity, such as time, temperature, solvents, catalyst dosage, and stirring speed, were comprehensively studied. The results revealed that in the presence of Ag-Co/S as a catalyst, O2 could be employed as an effective oxidant for the catalytic oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol to cinnamaldehyde (CD) with 99% selectivity and 90% conversion. In terms of cost effectiveness, catalytic activity, selectivity, and recyclability, Ag-Co/S outperforms the competition. As a result, under the green chemistry methodology, it can be utilized as an effective catalyst for the conversion of CA to CD.

ACS Style

Zahoor Iqbal; Muhammad Khan; Rozina Khattak; Tausif Iqbal; Ivar Zekker; Muhammad Zahoor; Helal Hetta; Gaber El-Saber Batiha; Eida Alshammari. Selective Oxidation of Cinnamyl Alcohol to Cinnamaldehyde over Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Supported Silver-Cobalt Nanoparticles. Catalysts 2021, 11, 863 .

AMA Style

Zahoor Iqbal, Muhammad Khan, Rozina Khattak, Tausif Iqbal, Ivar Zekker, Muhammad Zahoor, Helal Hetta, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Eida Alshammari. Selective Oxidation of Cinnamyl Alcohol to Cinnamaldehyde over Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Supported Silver-Cobalt Nanoparticles. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (7):863.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zahoor Iqbal; Muhammad Khan; Rozina Khattak; Tausif Iqbal; Ivar Zekker; Muhammad Zahoor; Helal Hetta; Gaber El-Saber Batiha; Eida Alshammari. 2021. "Selective Oxidation of Cinnamyl Alcohol to Cinnamaldehyde over Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Supported Silver-Cobalt Nanoparticles." Catalysts 11, no. 7: 863.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2021 in Water
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In this study, activated carbon (AC) and magnetic activated carbon (MAC) were prepared from Dalbergia sissoo sawdust for the removal of antibiotic Azithromycin (AZM) from aqueous solution. The effect of initial concentration, contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, and the temperature were investigated for both the adsorbents. The optimum AZM concentration, contact time, pH and adsorbents dosages were found to be 80 mg/L, 120 min, 6 and 7 (pH, respectively, for AC and MAC), and 0.1 g (for both AC and MAC), respectively. The isothermal data of both sets of experiments correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model, while the kinetic data with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption of AZM on both adsorbents was found to be favorable, which is evident in the values of the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH = −26.506 and −24.149 KJ/mol, ΔS = 91.812 and 81.991 J/mol K, respectively, for AC and MAC). To evaluate the effect of AC and MAC on the membrane parameters, a continuous stirred reactor was connected with ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. High % retention and improved permeate flux (around 90%) were obtained for AC/UF, AC/NF AC/RO, MAC/UF, MAC/NF, and MAC/RO treatments. The percent retention of AZM observed for AC/UF, AC/NF AC/RO was higher than MAC/UF, MAC/NF, and for MAC/RO hybrid processes due to greater surface area of AC than MAC.

ACS Style

Muhammad Wahab; Muhammad Zahoor; Syed Muhammad Salman; Abdul Kamran; Sumaira Naz; Juris Burlakovs; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Ivar Zekker. Adsorption-Membrane Hybrid Approach for the Removal of Azithromycin from Water: An Attempt to Minimize Drug Resistance Problem. Water 2021, 13, 1969 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Wahab, Muhammad Zahoor, Syed Muhammad Salman, Abdul Kamran, Sumaira Naz, Juris Burlakovs, Anna Kallistova, Nikolai Pimenov, Ivar Zekker. Adsorption-Membrane Hybrid Approach for the Removal of Azithromycin from Water: An Attempt to Minimize Drug Resistance Problem. Water. 2021; 13 (14):1969.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Wahab; Muhammad Zahoor; Syed Muhammad Salman; Abdul Kamran; Sumaira Naz; Juris Burlakovs; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Ivar Zekker. 2021. "Adsorption-Membrane Hybrid Approach for the Removal of Azithromycin from Water: An Attempt to Minimize Drug Resistance Problem." Water 13, no. 14: 1969.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2021 in Catalysts
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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a technically and financially viable alternative to today’s photovoltaic systems using p-n junctions. The two functions are isolated here, which are unlike traditional systems where the semiconductor is thought to perform both light absorption and charge carrier transport. This article discusses the potential use of dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) to oxidize iodide as a sensitizer in DSSCs. However, it is critical to understand the kinetics of this essential process in order to understand the mechanism of electron transport. The oxidation of iodide by dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) in three reaction media was studied: water, 10% v/v 1,4-dioxane-water, and 20% v/v 1,4-dioxane-water. The reaction was carried out in a regular laboratory setting, with no special sensitive conditions or the use of expensive materials, making it a cost-effective and practical method. Dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) oxidized iodide in selected media at 0.06 M ionic strength and constant temperature. The reaction was subjected to a spectrophotometric analysis. The data were acquired by measuring the rise in visible absorbance as a function of time after the formation of dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(II). The reaction proceeded with an overall fractional (0.5), first order, and third order in water, 10% media, and 20% media, respectively. The presence of dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) in either of the reaction media had no effect on the rate. The effect of protons (H+) on the rate constant indicated resistance in water and catalysis in dioxane-water media containing 10–20% dioxane. When the ionic strength was raised, there was no change in the rate constant in water, but there was a deceleration in both binary solvent media. In an aqueous medium, the thermodynamic parameters of activation were computed as Ea 46.23 kJ mol−1, 24.62 M s−1, ΔH# 43.76 kJ mol−1, ΔS# −226.5 J mol−1 K−1, and ΔG# 111.26 kJ mol−1 (25 °C). By increasing the rate of the reaction to its maximum, this study discovered the binary solvent media with the highest catalytic efficiency, i.e., 20% v/v 1,4-dioxane-water, which may increase the efficiency of DSSCs without using any expensive material or unusual experimental conditions.

ACS Style

Rozina Khattak; Muhammad Khan; Zahoor Iqbal; Rizwan Ullah; Abbas Khan; Shazia Summer; Hamsa Noreen; Muhammad Zahoor; Salah El-Bahy; Gaber Batiha. Catalytic Effect of 1,4-Dioxane on the Kinetics of the Oxidation of Iodide by Dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) in Water. Catalysts 2021, 11, 840 .

AMA Style

Rozina Khattak, Muhammad Khan, Zahoor Iqbal, Rizwan Ullah, Abbas Khan, Shazia Summer, Hamsa Noreen, Muhammad Zahoor, Salah El-Bahy, Gaber Batiha. Catalytic Effect of 1,4-Dioxane on the Kinetics of the Oxidation of Iodide by Dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) in Water. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (7):840.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rozina Khattak; Muhammad Khan; Zahoor Iqbal; Rizwan Ullah; Abbas Khan; Shazia Summer; Hamsa Noreen; Muhammad Zahoor; Salah El-Bahy; Gaber Batiha. 2021. "Catalytic Effect of 1,4-Dioxane on the Kinetics of the Oxidation of Iodide by Dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) in Water." Catalysts 11, no. 7: 840.

Journal article
Published: 19 June 2021 in Molecules
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In the current study, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Scutellaria edelbergii Rech. f. (crude extract and subfractions, i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), chloroform, n-butanol (n-BuOH) and aqueous) were explored. Initially, extraction and fractionation of the selected medicinal plant were carried out, followed by phytochemical qualitative tests, which were mostly positive for all the extracts. EtOAc fraction possessed a significant amount of phenolic (79.2 ± 0.30 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (84.0 ± 0.39 mg QE/g) content. The EtOAc fraction of S. edelbergii exhibited appreciable antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) strains and significant zones of inhibition were observed against Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). However, it was found inactive against Candida Albicans and Fusarium oxysporum fungal strains. The chloroform fraction was the most effective with an IC50 value of 172 and 74 µg/mL against DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and ABTS assays, in comparison with standard ascorbic acid 59 and 63 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the EtOAc fraction displayed significant in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (54%) using carrageenan-induced assay and significant (55%) in vivo analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced writing assay. In addition, nine known compounds, ursolic acid (UA), ovaul (OV), oleanolic acid (OA), β-sitosterol (BS), micromeric acid (MA), taraxasterol acetate (TA), 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-7-methoxy flavone (FL-1), 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-6,3′-dimiethoxyflavone (FL-2) and 7-methoxy catechin (FL-3), were isolated from methanolic extract of S. edelbergii. These constituents have never been obtained from this source. The structures of all the isolated constituents were elucidated by spectroscopic means. In conclusion, the EtOAc fraction and all other fractions of S. edelbergii, in general, displayed a significant role as antibacterial, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents which may be due to the presence of these constituents and other flavonoids.

ACS Style

Muddaser Shah; Waheed Murad; Najeeb Ur Rehman; Sobia Halim; Manzoor Ahmed; Hazir Rehman; Muhammed Zahoor; Sidra Mubin; Ajmal Khan; Mohamed Nassan; Gaber Batiha; Ahmed Al-Harrasi. Biomedical Applications of Scutellaria edelbergii Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach. Molecules 2021, 26, 3740 .

AMA Style

Muddaser Shah, Waheed Murad, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Sobia Halim, Manzoor Ahmed, Hazir Rehman, Muhammed Zahoor, Sidra Mubin, Ajmal Khan, Mohamed Nassan, Gaber Batiha, Ahmed Al-Harrasi. Biomedical Applications of Scutellaria edelbergii Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach. Molecules. 2021; 26 (12):3740.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muddaser Shah; Waheed Murad; Najeeb Ur Rehman; Sobia Halim; Manzoor Ahmed; Hazir Rehman; Muhammed Zahoor; Sidra Mubin; Ajmal Khan; Mohamed Nassan; Gaber Batiha; Ahmed Al-Harrasi. 2021. "Biomedical Applications of Scutellaria edelbergii Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach." Molecules 26, no. 12: 3740.

Review
Published: 14 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Implementation of construction works on weak (e.g., compressible, collapsible, expansive) soils such as peatlands often is limited by logistics of equipment and shortage of available and applicable materials. If preloading or floating roads on geogrid reinforcement or piled embankments cannot be implemented, then soil stabilization is needed. Sustainable soil stabilization in an environmentally friendly way is recommended instead of applying known conventional methods such as pure cementing or excavation and a single replacement of soils. Substitution of conventional material (cement) and primary raw material (lime) with secondary raw material (waste and byproducts from industries) corresponds to the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations, preserves resources, saves energy, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Besides traditional material usage, soil stabilization is achievable through various secondary raw materials (listed according to their groups and subgroups): 1. thermally treated waste products: 1.1. ashes from agriculture production; 1.2. ashes from energy production; 1.3. ashes from various manufacturing; 1.4. ashes from waste processing; 1.5. high carbon content pyrolysis products; 2. untreated waste and new products made from secondary raw materials: 2.1. waste from municipal waste biological treatment and landfills; 2.2. waste from industries; 3. new products made from secondary raw materials: 3.1. composite materials. Efficient solutions in environmental engineering may eliminate excessive amounts of waste and support innovation in the circular economy for sustainable future.

ACS Style

Zane Vincevica-Gaile; Tonis Teppand; Mait Kriipsalu; Maris Krievans; Yahya Jani; Maris Klavins; Roy Hendroko Setyobudi; Inga Grinfelde; Vita Rudovica; Toomas Tamm; Merrit Shanskiy; Egle Saaremae; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs. Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6726 .

AMA Style

Zane Vincevica-Gaile, Tonis Teppand, Mait Kriipsalu, Maris Krievans, Yahya Jani, Maris Klavins, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi, Inga Grinfelde, Vita Rudovica, Toomas Tamm, Merrit Shanskiy, Egle Saaremae, Ivar Zekker, Juris Burlakovs. Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zane Vincevica-Gaile; Tonis Teppand; Mait Kriipsalu; Maris Krievans; Yahya Jani; Maris Klavins; Roy Hendroko Setyobudi; Inga Grinfelde; Vita Rudovica; Toomas Tamm; Merrit Shanskiy; Egle Saaremae; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs. 2021. "Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6726.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2021 in Molecules
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Electrocatalytic materials offer numerous benefits due to their wide range of applications. In this study, a polyol technique was used to synthesize PdNi nanoparticles (NPs) with different percent atomic compositions (Pd = 50 to 90%) to explore their catalytic efficiency. The produced nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical investigations. According to XRD measurements, the synthesized NPs were crystalline in nature, with crystallite sizes of about 2 nm. The electrochemical properties of the synthesized NPs were studied in alkaline solution through a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) technique of cyclic voltammetry. The PdNi nanoparticles supported on carbon (PdNi/C) were used as electrocatalysts and their activity and stability were compared with the homemade Pd/C and Pt/C. In alkaline solution, PdNi/C electrocatalysts showed improved oxygen reduction catalytic activity over benchmark Pd/C and Pt/C electrocatalysts in all composition ratios. Furthermore, stability experiments revealed that PdNi 50:50 is more stable in alkaline solution than pure Pd and other PdNi compositions.

ACS Style

Muhammad Khan; Rozina Khattak; Abbas Khan; Qiuling Chen; Jan Nisar; Zahoor Iqbal; Abdur Rashid; Abdul Kamran; Ivar Zekker; Muhammad Zahoor; Khalid Alzahrani; Gaber Batiha. Synthesis and Characterizations of PdNi Carbon Supported Nanomaterials: Studies of Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction in Alkaline Medium. Molecules 2021, 26, 3440 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Khan, Rozina Khattak, Abbas Khan, Qiuling Chen, Jan Nisar, Zahoor Iqbal, Abdur Rashid, Abdul Kamran, Ivar Zekker, Muhammad Zahoor, Khalid Alzahrani, Gaber Batiha. Synthesis and Characterizations of PdNi Carbon Supported Nanomaterials: Studies of Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction in Alkaline Medium. Molecules. 2021; 26 (11):3440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Khan; Rozina Khattak; Abbas Khan; Qiuling Chen; Jan Nisar; Zahoor Iqbal; Abdur Rashid; Abdul Kamran; Ivar Zekker; Muhammad Zahoor; Khalid Alzahrani; Gaber Batiha. 2021. "Synthesis and Characterizations of PdNi Carbon Supported Nanomaterials: Studies of Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction in Alkaline Medium." Molecules 26, no. 11: 3440.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Water
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The catalytic activity of Pd/ZrO2 was studied in terms of the degradation of rhodamine-B dye in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Pd/ZrO2 was prepared by impregnation method, calcined at 750 °C and characterized by XRD, SEM and EDX. The catalyst showed good catalytic activity for dye degradation at 333 K, using 0.05 g of the catalyst during 5 h. The reaction kinetics followed the pseudo-first order kinetics. The Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms were applied to the data and the best fit was obtained with Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters, like ΔH, ΔG and ΔS were also calculated. The negative values of ΔH (−291.406 KJ/mol) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) showed the exothermic and spontaneous nature of the process. The positive ΔS (0.04832 KJ/mol K) value showed suitable affinity of catalyst for dye degradation. The catalyst was very stable, active and was easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration. It can be concluded from the results that the prepared catalyst could be effectively used in dyes degradation/removal from water subjected to further validation and use for various dyes.

ACS Style

Salma Jabeen; Muhammad Sufaid Khan; Rozina Khattak; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Sergio Rubin; Makarand Ghangrekar; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Muhammad Zahoor; Gul Khan. Palladium-Supported Zirconia-Based Catalytic Degradation of Rhodamine-B Dye from Wastewater. Water 2021, 13, 1522 .

AMA Style

Salma Jabeen, Muhammad Sufaid Khan, Rozina Khattak, Ivar Zekker, Juris Burlakovs, Sergio Rubin, Makarand Ghangrekar, Anna Kallistova, Nikolai Pimenov, Muhammad Zahoor, Gul Khan. Palladium-Supported Zirconia-Based Catalytic Degradation of Rhodamine-B Dye from Wastewater. Water. 2021; 13 (11):1522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salma Jabeen; Muhammad Sufaid Khan; Rozina Khattak; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Sergio Rubin; Makarand Ghangrekar; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Muhammad Zahoor; Gul Khan. 2021. "Palladium-Supported Zirconia-Based Catalytic Degradation of Rhodamine-B Dye from Wastewater." Water 13, no. 11: 1522.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2021 in Water
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Paulownia tomentosa, a woody plant that is widely found in Pakistan and in other regions of the world, was used as a raw material to prepare activated carbon using chemical and physical activation methods. Adsorption of the dyes- acid red 4 and methylene blue onto the prepared activated carbon were analyzed by batch experiments. The impacts of different adsorption parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage were also evaluated. Equilibrium data were fitted into various isotherm models such as: Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich. High regression values were achieved with Langmuir isotherm model. Different kinetic adsorption models such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion model models were applied. The adsorption kinetics was found to be best-fitted into pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The optimum pH for acid red 4 was around 1 while for methylene blue it was 8. The optimum adsorbent dosage was 0.3 g for both dyes used. The activation energy (Ea) values were 30.57 and 3.712 kJ/mol, respectively for acid red 4 and methylene blue while the enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) values were correspondingly as 24.88/1.1927 kJ/mol and −2843.32/−0.329 J·mol/K for the mentioned dyes. The experimental result showed that the prepared activated carbon was the best in the removal of acid red 4 and methylene blue from aqueous media and therefore, could be preferably used as cheap adsorbent in wastewater treatment.

ACS Style

Sultan Alam; Muhammad Khan; Wahida Bibi; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Makarand Ghangrekar; Gourav Bhowmick; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Muhammad Zahoor. Preparation of Activated Carbon from the Wood of Paulownia tomentosa as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Red 4 and Methylene Blue Present in Wastewater. Water 2021, 13, 1453 .

AMA Style

Sultan Alam, Muhammad Khan, Wahida Bibi, Ivar Zekker, Juris Burlakovs, Makarand Ghangrekar, Gourav Bhowmick, Anna Kallistova, Nikolai Pimenov, Muhammad Zahoor. Preparation of Activated Carbon from the Wood of Paulownia tomentosa as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Red 4 and Methylene Blue Present in Wastewater. Water. 2021; 13 (11):1453.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sultan Alam; Muhammad Khan; Wahida Bibi; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Makarand Ghangrekar; Gourav Bhowmick; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Muhammad Zahoor. 2021. "Preparation of Activated Carbon from the Wood of Paulownia tomentosa as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Red 4 and Methylene Blue Present in Wastewater." Water 13, no. 11: 1453.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Journal of Molecular Liquids
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Clay-organic composites have attracted great interest due to their ability to remove various contaminants from wastewater. The surfactants are the most commonly used organic compounds for clay modification. However, cationic surfactants are toxic and can be environmentally hazardous. Ionic liquids are a new promising alternative to the cationic surfactants due to lesser toxicity and appropriate thermal stability. The research aim is to prepare an environmentally friendly new class of clay sorbents modified with ionic liquids for potential applications in wastewater treatment from the textile industry. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids with different lengths of alkyl chains were intercalated in the interlayer space of sodium bentonite via an ion exchange reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method for the specific surface area (SSA) analysis provided evidence of successful modification of the bentonite. The removal of model organic contaminant, Congo red dye, from aqueous solutions was investigated using the modified clays under different experimental conditions, i.e., reaction time, pH and sorbate concentration. Detailed isotherm studies showed that the modified clays have much higher Congo red sorption capacity compared to unmodified bentonite. The maximum Congo red sorption capacity of 150 mg/g was observed for bentonite modified with 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Bent_C12mimCl) with d-value of 17.7 Å. This study shows that ionic liquids enhance bentonite capacity for Congo red sorption with different trends based on the ionic liquid structure. Bentonite-ionic liquid composites are eco-friendly and effective sorbents and due to a substantial increase in their capacity for the removal of textile dyes, they are expected to diminish the environmental impact of industrially used dyes.

ACS Style

Ruta Ozola-Davidane; Juris Burlakovs; Toomas Tamm; Sindija Zeltkalne; Andrey E. Krauklis; Maris Klavins. Bentonite-ionic liquid composites for Congo red removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2021, 337, 116373 .

AMA Style

Ruta Ozola-Davidane, Juris Burlakovs, Toomas Tamm, Sindija Zeltkalne, Andrey E. Krauklis, Maris Klavins. Bentonite-ionic liquid composites for Congo red removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2021; 337 ():116373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruta Ozola-Davidane; Juris Burlakovs; Toomas Tamm; Sindija Zeltkalne; Andrey E. Krauklis; Maris Klavins. 2021. "Bentonite-ionic liquid composites for Congo red removal from aqueous solutions." Journal of Molecular Liquids 337, no. : 116373.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Water
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Pd–Ni nanoparticles supported on activated carbon (Pd–Ni/AC) were prepared using a phase transfer method. The purpose of synthesizing ternary composites was to enhance the surface area of synthesized Pd–Ni nanoparticles, as they have a low surface area. The resulting composite was characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for investigating its surface morphology, particle size, percentage of crystallinity and elemental composition, respectively. The XRD data and EDX analysis revealed the presence of Pd–Ni alloys impregnated on the AC. Pd–Ni/AC was used as an adsorbent for the removal of the azo dye basic blue 3 from an aqueous medium. Kinetic and isotherm models were used to calculate the adsorption parameters. The most suitable kinetic model amongst the applied models was the pseudo-second-order model, confirming the chemisorption characteristics of the process, and the most suitable isotherm model was the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 333 mg/g at 333 K. Different experimental parameters, such as the adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature and contact time, were optimized. The optimum parameters reached were: a pH of 12, temperature of 333 K, adsorbent dosage of 0.01 g and optimum contact time of 30 min. Moreover, the thermodynamics parameters of adsorption, such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°), showed the adsorption processes being exothermic with values of ΔH° equal to −6.206 kJ/mol and being spontaneous with ΔG° values of −13.297, −13.780 and −14.264 kJ/mol, respectively at 293, 313 and 333 K. An increase in entropy change (ΔS°) with a value of 0.0242 kJ/mol K, indicated the enhanced disorder at a solid–solution interface during the adsorption process. Recycling the adsorbent for six cycles with sodium hydroxide and ethanol showed a decline in the efficiency of the selected azo dye basic blue 3 up to 79%. The prepared ternary composite was found effective in the removal of the selected dye. The removal of other pollutants represents one of the possible future uses of the prepared adsorbent, but further experiments are required.

ACS Style

Sultan Alam; Muhammad Khan; Ali Umar; Rozina Khattak; Najeeb Rahman; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Sergio Rubin; Makarand Ghangrekar; Gourav Bhowmick; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Abbas Khan; Muhammad Zahoor. Preparation of Pd–Ni Nanoparticles Supported on Activated Carbon for Efficient Removal of Basic Blue 3 from Water. Water 2021, 13, 1211 .

AMA Style

Sultan Alam, Muhammad Khan, Ali Umar, Rozina Khattak, Najeeb Rahman, Ivar Zekker, Juris Burlakovs, Sergio Rubin, Makarand Ghangrekar, Gourav Bhowmick, Anna Kallistova, Nikolai Pimenov, Abbas Khan, Muhammad Zahoor. Preparation of Pd–Ni Nanoparticles Supported on Activated Carbon for Efficient Removal of Basic Blue 3 from Water. Water. 2021; 13 (9):1211.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sultan Alam; Muhammad Khan; Ali Umar; Rozina Khattak; Najeeb Rahman; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Sergio Rubin; Makarand Ghangrekar; Gourav Bhowmick; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Abbas Khan; Muhammad Zahoor. 2021. "Preparation of Pd–Ni Nanoparticles Supported on Activated Carbon for Efficient Removal of Basic Blue 3 from Water." Water 13, no. 9: 1211.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2021 in Water
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In this study palladium-nickel (Pd-Ni) nanoparticles supported on carbon and cerium oxide (Pd-Ni/AC-CeO2) were synthesized by a transfer phase method and characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD and SEM data concluded the presence of alloy formation between Pd and Ni. The synthesized particles were used as an adsorbent for removal of azo dye acid orange-8 (AO-8) from water and were found to be effective in removal (over 90% removal efficiency) of the selected dye. Different kinetics and equilibrium models were applied to calculate the adsorption parameters. The most suitable model that best fitted the equilibrium data was the Langmuir model and maximum adsorption capacities were 666.6, 714 and 769 mg/g at 293, 313 and 333 K, respectively, with R2 values closed to 1 while in the case of the kinetics data the best fit was obtained with a pseudo-second order kinetics model with a high R2 value. Furthermore, the adsorption thermodynamics parameters such as free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were calculated and the adsorption process was to found be exothermic with a value of ΔH° (−7.593 kJ mol−1), spontaneous as ΔG° values were negative (−18.7327, −19.4870, and −20.584 kJ/mol at 293, 313 and 333 K, respectively). A positive entropy change ΔS° with a value of 0.0384 kJ /mol K indicates increased disorder at the solid–solution interface during the adsorption process. An attempt was made to recycle the Pd-Ni/AC-CeO2 with suitable solvents and the recycled adsorbent was reused for 6 cycles with AO-8 removal efficiency up to 80%. Based on findings of the study, the synthesized adsorbent could effectively be used for the removal of other pollutants from wastewater, however, further studies are needed to prove the mechanisms.

ACS Style

Ali Umar; Muhammad Khan; Sultan Alam; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Steven Dc Rubin; Gourav Bhowmick; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Muhammad Zahoor. Synthesis and Characterization of Pd-Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles as Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Orange 8 Present in Wastewater. Water 2021, 13, 1095 .

AMA Style

Ali Umar, Muhammad Khan, Sultan Alam, Ivar Zekker, Juris Burlakovs, Steven Dc Rubin, Gourav Bhowmick, Anna Kallistova, Nikolai Pimenov, Muhammad Zahoor. Synthesis and Characterization of Pd-Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles as Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Orange 8 Present in Wastewater. Water. 2021; 13 (8):1095.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Umar; Muhammad Khan; Sultan Alam; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Steven Dc Rubin; Gourav Bhowmick; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Muhammad Zahoor. 2021. "Synthesis and Characterization of Pd-Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles as Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Orange 8 Present in Wastewater." Water 13, no. 8: 1095.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Molecules
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In the study, two novel compounds along with two new compounds were isolated from Grewia optiva. The novel compounds have never been reported in any plant source, whereas the new compounds are reported for the first time from the studied plant. The four compounds were characterized as: 5,5,7,7,11,13-hexamethyl-2-(5-methylhexyl)icosahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol (IX), docosanoic acid (X), methanetriol mano formate (XI) and 2,2’-(1,4-phenylene)bis(3-methylbutanoic acid (XII). The anticholinesterase, antidiabetic, and antioxidant potentials of these compounds were determined using standard protocols. All the isolated compounds exhibited a moderate-to-good degree of activity against acetylcholinesterases (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). However, compound XII was particularly effective with IC50 of 55 μg/mL (against AChE) and 60 μg/mL (against BChE), and this inhibitory activity is supported by in silico docking studies. The same compound was also effective against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals with IC50 values of 60 and 62 μg/mL, respectively. The compound also significantly inhibited the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro. The IC50 values for inhibition of the two enzymes were recorded as 90 and 92 μg/mL, respectively. The in vitro potentials of compound XII to treat Alzheimer’s disease (in terms of AchE and BChE inhibition), diabetes (in terms of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition), and oxidative stress (in terms of free radical scavenging) suggest further in vivo investigations of the compound for assessing its efficacy, safety profile, and other parameters to proclaim the compound as a potential drug candidate.

ACS Style

Wasim Ul Bari; Najeeb Ur Rehman; Ajmal Khan; Sobia Ahsan Halim; Ye Yuan; Mark Blaskovich; Zyta Ziora; Muhammad Zahoor; Sumaira Naz; Riaz Ullah; Amal Alotaibi; Ahmed Al-Harrasi. Bio-Potency and Molecular Docking Studies of Isolated Compounds from Grewia optiva J.R. Drumm. ex Burret. Molecules 2021, 26, 2019 .

AMA Style

Wasim Ul Bari, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Ajmal Khan, Sobia Ahsan Halim, Ye Yuan, Mark Blaskovich, Zyta Ziora, Muhammad Zahoor, Sumaira Naz, Riaz Ullah, Amal Alotaibi, Ahmed Al-Harrasi. Bio-Potency and Molecular Docking Studies of Isolated Compounds from Grewia optiva J.R. Drumm. ex Burret. Molecules. 2021; 26 (7):2019.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wasim Ul Bari; Najeeb Ur Rehman; Ajmal Khan; Sobia Ahsan Halim; Ye Yuan; Mark Blaskovich; Zyta Ziora; Muhammad Zahoor; Sumaira Naz; Riaz Ullah; Amal Alotaibi; Ahmed Al-Harrasi. 2021. "Bio-Potency and Molecular Docking Studies of Isolated Compounds from Grewia optiva J.R. Drumm. ex Burret." Molecules 26, no. 7: 2019.