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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a signal molecule, is regarded as the intersection node of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and its contributions to flavonoid metabolism in tea plant growth and development remain unclear. The correlation between the GABA shunt and flavonoid metabolism in tea plants is worth to explore. Secondary metabolites and their correlations with the taste of tea soup made from tea plants (Camellia sinensis) during different seasons were investigated. Related secondary metabolites and transcript profiles of genes encoding enzymes in the GABA shunt, flavonoid pathway and polyamine biosynthesis were measured throughout the tea plant growth seasons and after exogenous GABA applications. In addition, the abundance of differentially expressed proteins was quantified after treatments with or without exogenous GABA. The tea leaves showed the highest metabolite concentrations in spring season. CsGAD, CsGABAT, CsSPMS, CsODC, CsF3H and CsCHS were found to be important genes in the GABA and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways. GABA and anthocyanin concentrations showed a positive correlation, to some extent, CsF3H and CsCHS played important roles in the GABA and anthocyanin biosynthesis.
Jieren Liao; Qiang Shen; Ruiyang Li; Yu Cao; Yue Li; Zhongwei Zou; Taiyu Ren; Fang Li; Wanping Fang; Xujun Zhu. GABA shunt contribution to flavonoid biosynthesis and metabolism in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2021, 166, 849 -856.
AMA StyleJieren Liao, Qiang Shen, Ruiyang Li, Yu Cao, Yue Li, Zhongwei Zou, Taiyu Ren, Fang Li, Wanping Fang, Xujun Zhu. GABA shunt contribution to flavonoid biosynthesis and metabolism in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021; 166 ():849-856.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJieren Liao; Qiang Shen; Ruiyang Li; Yu Cao; Yue Li; Zhongwei Zou; Taiyu Ren; Fang Li; Wanping Fang; Xujun Zhu. 2021. "GABA shunt contribution to flavonoid biosynthesis and metabolism in tea plants (Camellia sinensis)." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 166, no. : 849-856.
The natural resistant-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) is a kind of integral membrane transporter which could function on a wide range of divalent metal ions in plants. Little is known about the NRAMP family in Camellia sinensis. In this study, 11 NRAMP genes were identified from the tea plant genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 11 CsNRAMP proteins were split into two groups. The proteins of group 1 contained the conserved motif 6 (GQSSTxTG), while most proteins in group 2 (excepting CsNRAMP7 and CsNRAMP10) contained the conserved residues of motif 6 and motif 2 (GQFIMxGFLxLxxKKW). The number of amino acids in coding regions of 11 CsNRAMP genes ranged from 279–1373, and they contained 3–12 transmembrane domains. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that G1 genes, CsNRAMP3, CsNRAMP4, and CsNRAMP5, were extraordinarily expressed in roots, while G2 genes showed higher expression levels in the stems and leaves. The expression levels of CsNRAMPs in roots and leaves were detected to assess their responses to Pb treatment. The results indicated that CsNRAMPs were differentially regulated, and they might play a role in Pb transportation of tea plant. Subcellular localization assay demonstrated that CsNRAMP2 and CsNRAMP5 fused proteins were localized in the plasma membrane. Overall, this systematic analysis of the CsNRAMP family could provide primary information for further studies on the functional roles of CsNRAMPs in divalent metal transportation in tea plants.
Jinqiu Li; Yu Duan; Zhaolan Han; Xiaowen Shang; Kexin Zhang; Zhongwei Zou; Yuanchun Ma; Fang Li; Wanping Fang; Xujun Zhu. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the NRAMP Family Genes in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis). Plants 2021, 10, 1055 .
AMA StyleJinqiu Li, Yu Duan, Zhaolan Han, Xiaowen Shang, Kexin Zhang, Zhongwei Zou, Yuanchun Ma, Fang Li, Wanping Fang, Xujun Zhu. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the NRAMP Family Genes in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis). Plants. 2021; 10 (6):1055.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinqiu Li; Yu Duan; Zhaolan Han; Xiaowen Shang; Kexin Zhang; Zhongwei Zou; Yuanchun Ma; Fang Li; Wanping Fang; Xujun Zhu. 2021. "Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the NRAMP Family Genes in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)." Plants 10, no. 6: 1055.
Blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is a major disease of canola in Canada, Australia, and Europe. For effective deployment of resistant varieties and disease management, it is crucial to understand the population structure of L. maculans. In this study, we analyzed L. maculans isolates from commercial fields in western Canada from 2014 to 2016 for the presence and frequency of avirulence (Avr) genes. A total of 1,584 isolates were examined for the presence of Avr genes AvrLm1, AvrLm2, AvrLm3, AvrLm4, AvrLm6, AvrLm7, AvrLm9, AvrLepR1, AvrLepR2, and AvrLmS via a set of differential host genotypes carrying known resistance genes and a PCR assay. Several Avr genes showed a higher frequency in the pathogen population, such as AvrLm6 and AvrLm7, which were present in >90% of isolates, whereas AvrLm3, AvrLm9, and AvrLepR2 showed frequencies of <10%. A total of 189 races (different combinations of Avr genes) were detected, with Avr-2-4-6-7-S, Avr-1-4-6-7, and Avr-2-4-6-7 as the three predominant races. When the effect of crop rotation was assessed, only a 3-year rotation showed a significantly higher frequency of AvrLm2 relative to shorter rotations. This study provides the information for producers to select effective canola varieties for blackleg management and for breeders to deploy new R genes in disease resistance breeding in western Canada.
Fei Liu; Zhongwei Zou; Gary Peng; W. G. Dilantha Fernando. Leptosphaeria maculans Isolates Reveal Their Allele Frequency in Western Canada. Plant Disease 2021, 105, 1440 -1447.
AMA StyleFei Liu, Zhongwei Zou, Gary Peng, W. G. Dilantha Fernando. Leptosphaeria maculans Isolates Reveal Their Allele Frequency in Western Canada. Plant Disease. 2021; 105 (5):1440-1447.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFei Liu; Zhongwei Zou; Gary Peng; W. G. Dilantha Fernando. 2021. "Leptosphaeria maculans Isolates Reveal Their Allele Frequency in Western Canada." Plant Disease 105, no. 5: 1440-1447.
Temperature is considered one of the crucial environmental elements in plant pathological interactions, and previous studies have indicated that there is a relationship between temperature change and host–pathogen interactions. The objective of this research is to investigate the link between temperature and the incompatible interactions of the host and pathogen. In this study, two Leptosphaeria maculans isolates (HCRT75 8-1 and HCRT77 7-2) and two Brassica napus genotypes (Surpass400 and 01-23-2-1) were selected. The selected B. napus genotypes displayed intermediate and resistant phenotypes. The inoculated seedlings were tested under three temperature conditions: 16 °C/10 °C, 22 °C/16 °C and 28 °C/22 °C (day/night: 16 h/8 h). Lesion measurements demonstrated that the necrotic lesions from the 28 °C/22 °C treatment were enlarged compared with the other two temperature treatments (i.e., 16 °C/10 °C and 22 °C/16 °C). The results of expression analysis indicated that the three temperature treatments displayed distinct differences in two marker genes (PATHOGENESIS–RELATED (PR) 1 and 2) for plant defense and one temperature-sensitive gene BONZAI 1 (BON1). Additionally, seven dpi at 22 °C/16 °C appeared to be the optimal pre-condition for the induction of PR1 and 2. These findings suggest that B. napus responds to temperature changes when infected with L. maculans.
Cunchun Yang; Zhongwei Zou; Wannakuwattewaduge Fernando. The Effect of Temperature on the Hypersensitive Response (HR) in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem. Plants 2021, 10, 843 .
AMA StyleCunchun Yang, Zhongwei Zou, Wannakuwattewaduge Fernando. The Effect of Temperature on the Hypersensitive Response (HR) in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem. Plants. 2021; 10 (5):843.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCunchun Yang; Zhongwei Zou; Wannakuwattewaduge Fernando. 2021. "The Effect of Temperature on the Hypersensitive Response (HR) in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem." Plants 10, no. 5: 843.
Proteins containing valine-glutamine (VQ) motifs play important roles in plant growth and development as well as in defense responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Blackleg disease, which is caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is the most important disease in canola (Brassica napus) worldwide; however, the identification of Brassica napus VQs and their functions in response to blackleg disease have not yet been reported. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification and characterization of the VQ gene family in Brassica napus, including chromosome location, phylogenetic relations, gene structure, motif domain, synteny analysis, and cis-elements categorization of their promoter regions. To understand Brassica napus VQ gene function in response to blackleg disease, we overexpressed BnVQ7 (BnaA01g36880D, also known as the mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 substrate 1 [MKS1] gene) in a blackleg-susceptible canola variety, Westar. Overexpression of BnMKS1 in canola did not improve its resistance to blackleg disease at the seedling stage; however, transgenic canola plants overexpressing BnMKS1 displayed an enhanced resistance to L. maculans infection at the adult plant stage. Expression levels of downstream and defense marker genes in cotyledons increased significantly at the necrotrophic stage of L. maculans infection in the overexpression line of BnMKS1, suggesting that the salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated signaling pathways were both involved in the defense responses. Together, these results suggest that BnMKS1 might play an important role in defense against L. maculans. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Zhongwei Zou; Fei Liu; Shuanglong Huang; Dilantha Gerard Fernando. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Valine-Glutamine Motif-Containing Gene Family in Brassica napus and Functional Characterization of BnMKS1 in Response to Leptosphaeria maculans. Phytopathology® 2021, 111, 281 -292.
AMA StyleZhongwei Zou, Fei Liu, Shuanglong Huang, Dilantha Gerard Fernando. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Valine-Glutamine Motif-Containing Gene Family in Brassica napus and Functional Characterization of BnMKS1 in Response to Leptosphaeria maculans. Phytopathology®. 2021; 111 (2):281-292.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhongwei Zou; Fei Liu; Shuanglong Huang; Dilantha Gerard Fernando. 2021. "Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Valine-Glutamine Motif-Containing Gene Family in Brassica napus and Functional Characterization of BnMKS1 in Response to Leptosphaeria maculans." Phytopathology® 111, no. 2: 281-292.
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the most serious diseases of tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. MicroRNAs are key modulators of gene expression in defense responses and plant immunity; although, foliar application of exogenous caffeine in anthracnose disease control management has proven to be effective, miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms underlying caffeine-induced plant defense response to C. gloeosporioides remain unexplored in tea plant. Using high-throughput-sequencing, 24 miRNA sequencing data sets and 8 degradome data sets were generated from the susceptible cultivar Longjing43 (LJ43) and the resistant cultivar Zhongcha108 (ZC108) leaves treated with CK (Water), C. gloeosporioides-inoculation (CgI), exogenous caffeine (CN) and CgI + CN. Using sRNA sequencing, 424 conserved miRNAs and 417 novel miRNAs were identified; of these, 146 and 130 miRNAs were differentially expressed under CgI + CN treatment in the LJ43 and ZC108, respectively. Degradome sequencing identified 599 targets predicted to be cleaved by 210 conserved and 70 novel miRNAs. Majority of the annotated targets were found to involve in regulation of transcription factors, oxidation-reduction and metabolic process for plant growth and development as well as stress responses in tea plant against C. gloeosporioides stress. The expression pattern of eight miRNAs and their targets were validated by qRT-PCR, and correlation analysis of csn-miR164a_R+1_1ss21AG/NAC-17 and csn-miR396b-5p/GRF-1 showed highly significant negative R-value at 7th dpi under CgI + CN in the LJ43. This study provides important insights into the novel approach of exogenous caffeine-induced miRNAs dynamically exerts its fungicidal activity through regulating JA/ET signaling pathway, thereby accurately switch on LJ43 susceptibility nature to resistance activity against C. gloeosporioides infection.
Anburaj Jeyaraj; Tamilselvi Elango; Ying Yu; Xuefei Chen; Zhongwei Zou; Zhaotang Ding; Zhen Zhao; Xuan Chen; Xinghui Li; Linbo Chen. Impact of exogenous caffeine on regulatory networks of microRNAs in response to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in tea plant. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 279, 109914 .
AMA StyleAnburaj Jeyaraj, Tamilselvi Elango, Ying Yu, Xuefei Chen, Zhongwei Zou, Zhaotang Ding, Zhen Zhao, Xuan Chen, Xinghui Li, Linbo Chen. Impact of exogenous caffeine on regulatory networks of microRNAs in response to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in tea plant. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021; 279 ():109914.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnburaj Jeyaraj; Tamilselvi Elango; Ying Yu; Xuefei Chen; Zhongwei Zou; Zhaotang Ding; Zhen Zhao; Xuan Chen; Xinghui Li; Linbo Chen. 2021. "Impact of exogenous caffeine on regulatory networks of microRNAs in response to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in tea plant." Scientia Horticulturae 279, no. : 109914.
Verticillium stripe in canola (Brassica napus L.) caused by Verticillium longisporum was first reported in Manitoba in 2014. In this study, Brassica crops including canola, mustard (Brassica juncea) and radish (Raphanus sativus) with visible symptoms of Verticillium stripe were collected from Portage La Prairie, Manitoba, and the pathogens were isolated. Isolates from canola and radish were identified to V. longisporum, which produced longer conidia (7.92–12.00 µm) than Verticillium dahliae (4.32–7.04 µm). An isolate derived from mustard was characterized as V. dahliae. Molecular diagnostics with 18S rDNA, 5.8S rDNA and mating-type marker primers were used to confirm the identification of Verticillium isolates. PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial small subunit rDNA and the cytochrome b gene were also employed to distinguish V. longisporum isolates from V. dahliae. The multi-gene characterization approach allowed for lineage determination, and V. longisporum isolates from canola and radish were in the A1/D1 group. Isolates of Verticillium longisporum from canola inoculated onto the canola cultivar ‘Westar’ caused symptoms of stem striping, stunting and short plants. Re-isolated fungal strains from infected stems were again inoculated onto canola plants, in order to confirm that V. longisporum was the causal agent of Verticillium stripe disease in the pathogenicity test.
Zhongwei Zou; Vikram Bisht; W. G. Dilantha Fernando. Identification and Characterization of Verticillium longisporum Lineage A1/D1 from Brassica Crops in Manitoba, Canada. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 3499 .
AMA StyleZhongwei Zou, Vikram Bisht, W. G. Dilantha Fernando. Identification and Characterization of Verticillium longisporum Lineage A1/D1 from Brassica Crops in Manitoba, Canada. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (10):3499.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhongwei Zou; Vikram Bisht; W. G. Dilantha Fernando. 2020. "Identification and Characterization of Verticillium longisporum Lineage A1/D1 from Brassica Crops in Manitoba, Canada." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10: 3499.
JAZ (Jasmonate ZIM-domain) proteins play pervasive roles in plant development and defense reaction. However, limited information is known about the JAZ family in Camellia sinensis. In this study, 12 non-redundant JAZ genes were identified from the tea plant genome database. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 12 JAZ proteins belong to three groups. The cis-elements in promoters of CsJAZ genes and CsJAZ proteins interaction networks were also analyzed. Quantitative RT–PCR analysis showed that 7 CsJAZ genes were preferentially expressed in roots. Furthermore, the CsJAZ expressions were differentially induced by cold, heat, polyethylene glycol (PEG), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and gibberellin (GA) stimuli. The Pearson correlations analysis based on expression levels showed that the CsJAZ gene pairs were differentially expressed under different stresses, indicating that CsJAZs might exhibit synergistic effects in response to various stresses. Subcellular localization assay demonstrated that CsJAZ3, CsJAZ10, and CsJAZ11 fused proteins were localized in the cell nucleus. Additionally, the overexpression of CsJAZ3, CsJAZ10, and CsJAZ11 in E. coli enhanced the growth of recombinant cells under abiotic stresses. In summary, this study will facilitate the understanding of the CsJAZ family in Camellia sinensis and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of tea plant response to abiotic stresses and hormonal stimuli.
Jiazhi Shen; Zhongwei Zou; Hongqing Xing; Yu Duan; Xujun Zhu; Yuanchun Ma; Yuhua Wang; Wanping Fang. Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Stress and Hormone Responsive Patterns of JAZ Family Genes in Camellia Sinensis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 2433 .
AMA StyleJiazhi Shen, Zhongwei Zou, Hongqing Xing, Yu Duan, Xujun Zhu, Yuanchun Ma, Yuhua Wang, Wanping Fang. Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Stress and Hormone Responsive Patterns of JAZ Family Genes in Camellia Sinensis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (7):2433.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiazhi Shen; Zhongwei Zou; Hongqing Xing; Yu Duan; Xujun Zhu; Yuanchun Ma; Yuhua Wang; Wanping Fang. 2020. "Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Stress and Hormone Responsive Patterns of JAZ Family Genes in Camellia Sinensis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7: 2433.
Global warming by increased atmospheric CO2 concentration has been widely accepted. Yet, there has not been any consistent conclusion on the doubled CO2 concentration that in the future will affect plant disease incidence and severity. Blackleg disease, mainly caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is a major disease on canola production globally. Brassica napus and L. maculans have a gene-for-gene interaction, which causes an incompatible reaction between canola plants carrying resistance genes and L. maculans isolates carrying corresponding avirulence genes. In this study, B. napus varieties and lines inoculated with different Leptosphaeria isolates were subjected to simulated growth conditions, namely, growth chambers with normal environments and with controlled CO2 concentrations of 400, 600, and 800 ppm. The results indicated that the elevated CO2 concentrations have no noticeable effect on the inferred phenotypes of the canola–blackleg interactions. However, the disease severity decreased in most of the B. napus–L. maculans interactions at extremely high CO2 concentration (800 ppm). The varied pathogenicity changes of the B. napus–L. maculans pathosystem under elevated CO2 concentrations at 400 or 600 ppm may be due to the genetic background or physiological differences in plants and pathogenicity differences in L. maculans isolates having different Avr gene profiles. The mechanisms by which elevated CO2 concentrations affect the B. napus–L. maculans pathosystem will help us understand how climate change will impact crops and diseases.
Zhongwei Zou; Fei Liu; Changqin Chen; W. G. Dilantha Fernando; Zou; Liu; Chen. Effect of Elevated CO2 Concentration on the Disease Severity of Compatible and Incompatible Interactions of Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem. Plants 2019, 8, 484 .
AMA StyleZhongwei Zou, Fei Liu, Changqin Chen, W. G. Dilantha Fernando, Zou, Liu, Chen. Effect of Elevated CO2 Concentration on the Disease Severity of Compatible and Incompatible Interactions of Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem. Plants. 2019; 8 (11):484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhongwei Zou; Fei Liu; Changqin Chen; W. G. Dilantha Fernando; Zou; Liu; Chen. 2019. "Effect of Elevated CO2 Concentration on the Disease Severity of Compatible and Incompatible Interactions of Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem." Plants 8, no. 11: 484.
Blackleg (Phoma stem canker) of crucifers is a globally important disease caused by the ascomycete species complex comprising of Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa. Six blackleg isolates recovered from Brassica rapa cv. Mizspoona in the Willamette Valley of Oregon were characterized as L. biglobosa based on standard pathogenicity tests and molecular phylogenetic analysis. These isolates were compared to 88 characterized L. biglobosa isolates from western Canada, 22 isolates from Australia, and 6 L. maculans isolates from Idaho, USA using maximum parsimony and distance analysis of phylogenetic trees generated from the ITS rDNA (internal transcribed spacer rDNA) sequence, and the actin and β-tubulin gene sequences. The L. biglobosa isolates derived from B. rapa collected in Oregon formed a separate subclade based on concatenated gene sequences or a single gene sequence, regardless of the analyses. Pathogenicity tests showed that these isolates failed to infect either resistant or susceptible B. napus cultivars, but caused severe symptoms on three B. rapa cultivars (Accession number: UM1113, UM1112, and UM1161), a B. oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) cultivar (Copenhagen Market), and two B. juncea cultivars (CBM, a common brown Mustard, and Forge). These findings demonstrated that the L. biglobosa isolates derived from a B. rapa crop in Oregon were genetically distinct from existing species of L. biglobosa, and constitute a new subclade, herein proposed as L. biglobosa 'americensis'.
Zhongwei Zou; Xuehua Zhang; Paula Parks; Lindsey J. Du Toit; Angela P. Van De Wouw; W. G. Dilantha Fernando. A New Subclade of Leptosphaeria biglobosa Identified from Brassica rapa. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 1668 .
AMA StyleZhongwei Zou, Xuehua Zhang, Paula Parks, Lindsey J. Du Toit, Angela P. Van De Wouw, W. G. Dilantha Fernando. A New Subclade of Leptosphaeria biglobosa Identified from Brassica rapa. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (7):1668.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhongwei Zou; Xuehua Zhang; Paula Parks; Lindsey J. Du Toit; Angela P. Van De Wouw; W. G. Dilantha Fernando. 2019. "A New Subclade of Leptosphaeria biglobosa Identified from Brassica rapa." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 7: 1668.
Callose plays a critical role in different biological processes including development as well as in the response to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we characterized the callose deposition in cotyledons of different Brassica napus varieties post-inoculated with different Leptosphaeria maculans isolates. Further, members of the callose synthase gene were identified from the whole genome of B. napus using the 12 Arabidopsis thaniana callose synthase protein sequences, and were then classified into three groups based on their phylogenetic relationships. Chromosomal location and duplication patterns indicated uneven distribution and segmental duplication patterns of BnCalS genes in the B. napus genome. Subsequently, gene structures, conserved domains analysis, and protein properties were analyzed for BnCalS genes. In addition, 12 B. napus orthologs of the AtCalS were selected for investigating the tissue expression pattern, indicating diverse expression patterns for these BnCalS genes. Responses of the selected 12 orthologs and all the BnCalS genes were characterized in the different types (AvrLm1-Rlm1, AvrLm4-Rlm4, AvrLepR1-LepR1) of B. napus–L. maculans interactions and B. napus-Leptosphaeria biglobosa interactions, implying their potential roles in response to Leptosphaeria infection.
Fei Liu; Zhongwei Zou; W. G. Dilantha Fernando. Characterization of Callose Deposition and Analysis of the Callose Synthase Gene Family of Brassica napus in Response to Leptosphaeria maculans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018, 19, 3769 .
AMA StyleFei Liu, Zhongwei Zou, W. G. Dilantha Fernando. Characterization of Callose Deposition and Analysis of the Callose Synthase Gene Family of Brassica napus in Response to Leptosphaeria maculans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19 (12):3769.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFei Liu; Zhongwei Zou; W. G. Dilantha Fernando. 2018. "Characterization of Callose Deposition and Analysis of the Callose Synthase Gene Family of Brassica napus in Response to Leptosphaeria maculans." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12: 3769.
Leptosphaeria maculans causes blackleg disease on Brassica napus, an economically important oilseed crop. Brassica juncea has high resistance to blackleg and is a source for the development of resistant B. napus varieties. To transfer the Rlm6 resistance gene from B. juncea into B. napus, an interspecific cross between B. napus “Topas DH16516” and B. juncea “Forge” was produced, followed by the development of F2 and F3 generations. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers linked to the L. maculans resistance gene Rlm6 were developed. Segregation of SCAR and CAPS markers linked to Rlm6 were confirmed by genotyping of F2 and F3 progeny. Segregation of CAPS markers and phenotypes for blackleg disease severity in F2 plants had a Mendelian ratio of 3:1 in resistant vs. susceptible plants, respectively, supporting the assumption that genetic control of resistance was by a single dominant gene. The molecular markers developed in this study, which show linkage with the L. maculans resistance gene Rlm6, would facilitate marker‐assisted backcross breeding in a variety development programme.
M. Harunur Rashid; Zhongwei Zou; W. G. Dilantha Fernando. Development of molecular markers linked to the Leptosphaeria maculans resistance gene Rlm6 and inheritance of SCAR and CAPS markers in Brassica napus × Brassica juncea interspecific hybrids. Plant Breeding 2018, 137, 402 -411.
AMA StyleM. Harunur Rashid, Zhongwei Zou, W. G. Dilantha Fernando. Development of molecular markers linked to the Leptosphaeria maculans resistance gene Rlm6 and inheritance of SCAR and CAPS markers in Brassica napus × Brassica juncea interspecific hybrids. Plant Breeding. 2018; 137 (3):402-411.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Harunur Rashid; Zhongwei Zou; W. G. Dilantha Fernando. 2018. "Development of molecular markers linked to the Leptosphaeria maculans resistance gene Rlm6 and inheritance of SCAR and CAPS markers in Brassica napus × Brassica juncea interspecific hybrids." Plant Breeding 137, no. 3: 402-411.
Leptosphaeria maculans is the most important fungal pathogen of canola (Brassica napus, oilseed rape) that causes the devastating stem canker in canola fields of western Canada. The population genetic structure of L. maculans, represented by nine subpopulations from a 6‐year period and three different provinces in western Canada, was determined using ten minisatellite markers. Isolates collected at different locations in six consecutive years had an even distribution of MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 across the nine subpopulations. All subpopulations of L. maculans exhibited a moderate gene diversity (H = 0.356–0.585). The majority of the genetic variation occurred within subpopulations. Approximately 8% and 4% of the variations were distributed between sampling year and location, respectively. Genetic distance (FST) results, using analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA), indicated that subpopulation pairing within isolates by year ranged from FST = 0.010 to 0.109, and the location subpopulation ranged from FST = 0.038 to 0.085. Bayesian clustering analyses of multiloci inferred two distinct clusters in all the subpopulations examined. This study indicates a relatively high degree of gene exchange between the different L. maculans isolates. Our results suggest that this can occur in the wide growing areas of canola fields in western Canada. This gene exchange produced different gene allele frequencies and divergence between populations.
Zhongwei Zou; Xuehua Zhang; Wannakuwattewaduge Gerard Dilantha Fernando. Distribution of mating-type alleles and genetic variability in field populations ofLeptosphaeria maculansin western Canada. Journal of Phytopathology 2018, 166, 438 -447.
AMA StyleZhongwei Zou, Xuehua Zhang, Wannakuwattewaduge Gerard Dilantha Fernando. Distribution of mating-type alleles and genetic variability in field populations ofLeptosphaeria maculansin western Canada. Journal of Phytopathology. 2018; 166 (6):438-447.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhongwei Zou; Xuehua Zhang; Wannakuwattewaduge Gerard Dilantha Fernando. 2018. "Distribution of mating-type alleles and genetic variability in field populations ofLeptosphaeria maculansin western Canada." Journal of Phytopathology 166, no. 6: 438-447.
Blackleg, caused by the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, is one of the most economically important diseases of canola (Brassica napus, oilseed rape) worldwide. This study assessed incidence of blackleg, the avirulence allele, and mating type distributions of L. maculans isolates collected in commercial canola fields in Manitoba, Canada, from 2010 to 2015. A total of 956 L. maculans isolates were collected from 2010 to 2015 to determine the presence of 12 avirulence alleles using differential canola cultivars and/or PCR assays specific for each avirulence allele. AvrLm2, AvrLm4, AvrLm5, AvrLm6, AvrLm7, AvrLm11, and AvrLmS were detected at frequencies ranging from 97 to 33%, where the AvrLm1, AvrLm3, AvrLm9, AvrLepR1, and AvrLepR2 alleles were the least abundant. When the race structure was examined, a total of 170 races were identified among the 956 isolates, with three major races, AvrLm-2-4-5-6-7-11, AvrLm-2-4-5-6-7-11-S, and Avr-1-4-5-6-7-11-(S) accounting for 15, 10, and 6% of the total fungal population, respectively. The distribution of the mating type alleles (MAT1-1 and MAT1-2) indicated that sexual reproduction was not inhibited in any of the nine Manitoba regions in any of the years L. maculans isolates were collected.
W. G. Dilantha Fernando; Xuehua Zhang; Carrie Selin; Zhongwei Zou; Sakaria H. Liban; Debra L. McLaren; Anastasia Kubinec; Paula S. Parks; M. Harunur Rashid; K. Rasanie E. Padmathilake; Lihua Rong; Cunchun Yang; Belaghihalli N. Gnanesh; Shuanglong Huang. A Six-Year Investigation of the Dynamics of Avirulence Allele Profiles, Blackleg Incidence, and Mating Type Alleles of Leptosphaeria maculans Populations Associated with Canola Crops in Manitoba, Canada. Plant Disease 2018, 102, 790 -798.
AMA StyleW. G. Dilantha Fernando, Xuehua Zhang, Carrie Selin, Zhongwei Zou, Sakaria H. Liban, Debra L. McLaren, Anastasia Kubinec, Paula S. Parks, M. Harunur Rashid, K. Rasanie E. Padmathilake, Lihua Rong, Cunchun Yang, Belaghihalli N. Gnanesh, Shuanglong Huang. A Six-Year Investigation of the Dynamics of Avirulence Allele Profiles, Blackleg Incidence, and Mating Type Alleles of Leptosphaeria maculans Populations Associated with Canola Crops in Manitoba, Canada. Plant Disease. 2018; 102 (4):790-798.
Chicago/Turabian StyleW. G. Dilantha Fernando; Xuehua Zhang; Carrie Selin; Zhongwei Zou; Sakaria H. Liban; Debra L. McLaren; Anastasia Kubinec; Paula S. Parks; M. Harunur Rashid; K. Rasanie E. Padmathilake; Lihua Rong; Cunchun Yang; Belaghihalli N. Gnanesh; Shuanglong Huang. 2018. "A Six-Year Investigation of the Dynamics of Avirulence Allele Profiles, Blackleg Incidence, and Mating Type Alleles of Leptosphaeria maculans Populations Associated with Canola Crops in Manitoba, Canada." Plant Disease 102, no. 4: 790-798.
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites whose degradation products confer intrinsic flavors and aromas to Brassicaceae vegetables. Several structures of GSLs are known in the Brassicaceae, and the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory networks have been elucidated in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). GSLs are precursors of chemical defense substances against herbivorous pests. Specific GSLs can act as feeding blockers or stimulants, depending on the pest species. Natural selection has led to diversity in the GSL composition even within individual species. However, in radish (Raphanus sativus), glucoraphasatin (4-methylthio-3-butenyl glucosinolate) accounts for more than 90% of the total GSLs, and little compositional variation is observed. Because glucoraphasatin is not contained in other members of the Brassicaceae, like Arabidopsis and cabbage (Brassica oleracea), the biosynthetic pathways for glucoraphasatin remain unclear. In this report, we identified and characterized a gene encoding GLUCORAPHASATIN SYNTHASE 1 (GRS1) by genetic mapping using a mutant that genetically lacks glucoraphasatin. Transgenic Arabidopsis, which overexpressed GRS1 cDNA, accumulated glucoraphasatin in the leaves. GRS1 encodes a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, and it is abundantly expressed in the leaf. To further investigate the biosynthesis and transportation of GSLs in radish, we grafted a grs1 plant onto a wild-type plant. The grafting experiment revealed a leaf-to-root long-distance glucoraphasatin transport system in radish and showed that the composition of GSLs differed among the organs. Based on these observations, we propose a characteristic biosynthesis pathway for glucoraphasatin in radish. Our results should be useful in metabolite engineering for breeding of high-value vegetables.
Tomohiro Kakizaki; Hiroyasu Kitashiba; Zhongwei Zou; Feng Li; Nobuko Fukino; Takayoshi Ohara; Takeshi Nishio; Masahiko Ishida. A 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase Mediates the Biosynthesis of Glucoraphasatin in Radish. Plant Physiology 2017, 173, 1583 -1593.
AMA StyleTomohiro Kakizaki, Hiroyasu Kitashiba, Zhongwei Zou, Feng Li, Nobuko Fukino, Takayoshi Ohara, Takeshi Nishio, Masahiko Ishida. A 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase Mediates the Biosynthesis of Glucoraphasatin in Radish. Plant Physiology. 2017; 173 (3):1583-1593.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomohiro Kakizaki; Hiroyasu Kitashiba; Zhongwei Zou; Feng Li; Nobuko Fukino; Takayoshi Ohara; Takeshi Nishio; Masahiko Ishida. 2017. "A 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase Mediates the Biosynthesis of Glucoraphasatin in Radish." Plant Physiology 173, no. 3: 1583-1593.
GLABRA1 (GL1) belongs to the group of R2R3-MYB transcription factors and is known to be essential for trichome initiation in Arabidopsis. In our previous study, we identified a GL1 ortholog in Brassica rapa as a candidate for the gene controlling leaf hairiness by QTL analysis and suggested that a 5-bp deletion (B-allele) and a 2-bp deletion (D-allele) in the exon 3 of BrGL1 and a non-synonymous SNP (C-allele) in the second nucleotide of exon 3 possibly cause leaf hairlessness. In this study, we transformed a B. rapa line having the B-allele with the A-allele (wild type) or the C-allele of BrGL1 under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. The transgenic plants with the A-allele showed dense coverage of seedling tissues including stems, young leaves and hypocotyls with trichomes, whereas the phenotypes of those with the C-allele were unchanged. In order to obtain more information about allelic variation of GL1 in different plant lineages and its correlation with leaf hairiness, two GL1 homologs, i.e., RsGL1a and RsGL1b, in Raphanus sativus were analyzed. Allelic variation of RsGL1a between a hairless line and a hairy line was completely associated with hairiness in their BC1F1 population. Comparison of the full-length of RsGL1a in the hairless and hairy lines showed great variation of nucleotides in the 3′ end, which might be essential for its function and expression.
Feng Li; Zhongwei Zou; Hui-Yee Yong; Hiroyasu Kitashiba; Takeshi Nishio. Nucleotide sequence variation of GLABRA1 contributing to phenotypic variation of leaf hairiness in Brassicaceae vegetables. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 2013, 126, 1227 -1236.
AMA StyleFeng Li, Zhongwei Zou, Hui-Yee Yong, Hiroyasu Kitashiba, Takeshi Nishio. Nucleotide sequence variation of GLABRA1 contributing to phenotypic variation of leaf hairiness in Brassicaceae vegetables. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2013; 126 (5):1227-1236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeng Li; Zhongwei Zou; Hui-Yee Yong; Hiroyasu Kitashiba; Takeshi Nishio. 2013. "Nucleotide sequence variation of GLABRA1 contributing to phenotypic variation of leaf hairiness in Brassicaceae vegetables." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126, no. 5: 1227-1236.